JP3513605B2 - Waste treatment mechanism and treatment method - Google Patents

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a treatment mechanism and a treatment method for various kinds of waste.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Conventionally, for treating water-containing waste oil, waste acid, waste alkali produced in various industrial fields, human waste produced in homes and hospitals, and various wastes such as infectious wastes,
There was a mechanism using a heating tank.

In this, a heating tank is heated (for example, about 200 ° C.), and a liquid or a liquid waste to be treated (hereinafter referred to as a waste liquid) is supplied to the heating tank. The supplied waste liquid is directly heated from the wall surface of the heating tank, and the evaporation components such as water contained therein are evaporated. This vaporized component is sent to the next step, and its chemical oxygen demand (C
Post-treatment is performed according to the (OD value). On the other hand, the waste liquid in the heating tank is gradually concentrated as the water content is evaporated and concentrated. The residue of the waste liquid concentrate in the heating tank is further heated to a higher temperature (for example, about 600 ° C.) and finally oxidatively burned.

However, with such a mechanism, it is difficult to continuously perform stable evaporative concentration because foaming and bumping occur as evaporative concentration proceeds in the heating tank. Moreover, since the waste liquid is heated directly from the wall surface of the heating tank, components such as salt in the waste liquid stick to the wall surface of the heating tank, making it difficult to remove, or corroding the wall surface of the heating tank. However, there is a problem that the heating tank is easily damaged.

[0005]

Therefore, the present invention is
To propose a waste treatment mechanism and treatment method in which stable evaporative concentration is efficiently performed for a long time even if evaporative concentration progresses, and the heating tank is not easily damaged by the action of the components in the waste. Is an issue.

[0006]

In order to solve the above-mentioned problems, the present invention takes the following technical means.

The waste treatment mechanism of the present invention has a specific gravity of 1
A heating tank for storing a heating medium having a larger boiling point and a boiling point higher than that of water, and a means for supplying the waste to be treated to the heating medium, and heating the liquid surface of the heating medium in which the waste is melted It is characterized in that the evaporation component is evaporated by doing so.

Further, in the method for treating waste according to the present invention, the waste is heated on the liquid surface of the molten heating medium having a specific gravity of more than 1 and a boiling point higher than that of water to evaporate the evaporation component. It is characterized by

As the heating medium, tin, lead or fusible alloy can be used.

[0010]

As a result of adopting the above means, the present invention has the following effects.

In the waste treatment mechanism of the present invention, the waste is supplied to the liquid surface of the heating medium stored in the heating tank,
The heating medium is heated while floating on the liquid surface of the heating medium in a state where it hardly comes into direct contact with the wall surface of the heating tank.

Further, according to the waste treatment method of the present invention,
The waste material is heated while floating on the liquid surface of the heating medium, and the evaporation component evaporates.

[0013]

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS The structure of the present invention will be described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. (Example 1) In Example 1, as a waste 1, a waste liquid 1 from a chemical factory having a COD value of 7,000 mg / L (liter) and an inorganic salt content of 20% was treated.

FIG. 1 is a diagram of an apparatus equipped with a waste 1 treatment mechanism of the present invention and for treating the waste 1 by the treatment method of the present invention. In the cylindrical heating tank 2 of the apparatus of this Example 1, the waste liquid supply pipe 3 supplies the supplied waste liquid 1 to the heating medium 4.
It is installed so that its tip portion, which is provided with about 3 to 5 nozzles (not shown) so as to be dispersed inside, comes near the bottom portion inside the heating tank 2.

The heating tank 2 is heated by the heater H, and the heating medium 4 is further heated by heat transfer from the heating tank 2. The heater H is an electric heater of 3 kW, and the temperature of the upper part is higher than that of the lower part. By doing so, convection of the heating medium 4 is less likely to occur, and the influence on the movement of the waste liquid 1 can be reduced.

In Example 1, the heating medium 4 has a melting point of 231.9 ° C., a boiling point of 2,270 ° C., and a specific gravity of 7.2.
Tin, which is 8, is used. The heating medium 4 is 4
It was decided to use L. In FIG. 1, although it is stored up to half the depth of the heating tank 2, various characteristics of the heating medium 4, the heating temperature, the size of the heating tank 2, the amount of the waste liquid 1, the components,
It may be adjusted appropriately depending on the concentration and the like.

The waste liquid 1 is mainly processed by the following steps 1) and 2). 1) Evaporation process waste liquid 1 is continuously fed at a rate of 2 L / h into the heating medium 4 heated to about 260 to 280 ° C. The waste liquid 1 is heated while rising in the heating medium 4 due to the difference in specific gravity, and the evaporation component such as water is evaporated, and the residue 5 floats on the liquid surface of the heating medium 4. In this Example 1, the heating tank 2
Four baffle plates 6 are provided inside so that when the waste liquid 1 rises, it is dispersed and heated well. The baffle plate 6 may have any suitable shape such as a donut shape, a plurality of holes, or a cutout.

The residue 5 of the waste liquid 1 is accumulated on the liquid surface of the heating medium 4. In order to prevent the residue 5 from solidifying on the liquid surface of the heating medium 4, air is mixed into the heating medium 4 (not shown) so that the liquid surface of the heating medium 4 sways. This air also plays a role of promoting oxidative decomposition due to combustion of the waste liquid 1.

The temperature of the heating medium 4 is set to about 260 to 28 described above.
The state of being kept at 0 ° C. is continued for 2 hours, and first, the evaporation components such as water in the waste liquid 1 are evaporated. The temperature of the heating medium 4 is measured by the temperature sensor 7. 2) Incineration / ashing process Next, the supply of the waste liquid 1 is interrupted, and the temperature of the heating medium 4 is set to 60.
Incinerate residue 5 by raising to 0 ° C. At this time, when air is supplied from the blower pipe 8, the residue 5 is combusted and well ashed.

The above steps 1) and 2) are repeated by setting a timer. Evaporative components of the waste liquid 1 such as water vapor generated in the heating tank 2 are condensed and liquefied by the cooler K through the exhaust pipe 9 and discharged to the sewage. The COD value of the discharged liquid was reduced to about 150 to 300 mg / L.

The ashed residue 5 is the blower pipe 8 described above.
Is blown up by the air blown from to form powder, which is conveyed by air through the residue 5 discharge pipe, sent to the ash receiving tank 11 via the cyclone C, and then taken out and disposed.

The heating medium 4 has a boiling point (2, 2
Since it is not heated above 270 ° C), it does not evaporate and its amount does not decrease, and it may be oxidized to some extent, but it will not be transformed into a state where the treatment cannot be continued. There is no particular need to replenish or replace.

Further, the waste liquid 1 may be dropped on the liquid surface of the heating medium 4 and heated by the same apparatus (not shown). By doing so, the waste liquid 1 is heat-treated while floating on the liquid surface of the heating medium 4. The liquid surface of the heating medium 4 is swaying and elastic. With 2 L of the heating medium 4, it was possible to treat the same amount of the waste liquid 1 as when the waste liquid 1 was supplied into the heating medium 4. (Embodiment 2) In the same manner as in Embodiment 1, the components such as water evaporated from the waste liquid 1 can be directly discharged into the atmosphere as shown in FIG. (Example 3) In Example 3, the waste liquid 1 has a COD value of 1
The printing / developing / fixing waste liquid 1 having a content of 35,000 mg / L and an inorganic salt content of 9% is supplied at 2 L / h. Further, as the heating medium 4, 4 L of fusible alloy composed of tin and bismuth, etc.
To use. The melting point of this fusible alloy is 138 ° C and the boiling point is 1,5.
It has a specific gravity of 8.7 at 00 ° C or higher.

The mechanism of the heating tank 2 and the process of treating the waste liquid 1 in the heating tank 2 are the same as in the first embodiment. As shown in FIG. 3, the evaporation component generated in the heating tank 2 is cooled and condensed into a liquid by the cooler K, and subsequently, in the adjusting tank 12, an electrolyte solution such as saline is added to increase the conductivity thereof. An electrolytic passage (not shown) formed between the anode electrode and the cathode electrode of the electrolysis mechanism E
A direct current is caused to flow through the pump P while passing it at a constant flow rate. The active oxygen generated by this reacts with the substance to be oxidized in the liquid and decomposes it. The liquid treated as described above is returned to the adjusting tank 12 through the feedback path R, and a part of the liquid is discharged to a river, sewage or the like.

On the other hand, the residue 5 accumulated on the liquid surface of the heating medium 4 in the heating tank 2 is the residue discharge pipe 10 as in the case of the first embodiment.
Finally, it is sent to the ash receiving tank 11.

In Example 3, 20 kg of Waste Liquid 1 was treated for 10 hours. As a result, the COD value of the liquid after passing through the electrolysis mechanism E was reduced to 100 to 200 mg / L. The weight of the ash sent to the ash receiving tank 11 was 1.9 kg. (Embodiment 4) In Embodiment 4, as shown in FIG. 4, the above-described waste liquid 1 treatment mechanism was utilized to prepare the following combined large and small size toilet for treating urine. The device provided in the combined large and small toilet treats the excrement sent from the excrement tank T that stores the excreted urine in the toilet bowl 13.

As the heating medium 4, 4 L of fusible alloy composed of lead and bismuth was used. The melting point of this fusion metal is 124
C., boiling point is 1,670.degree. C., and specific gravity is 10.3.

The human waste excreted in the toilet bowl 13 first collects in the human waste tank T. Reference numeral S is a level sensor, which supplies a certain amount of fluid night soil, which has been strained by the strainer 14 to the heating tank 2 by the pump P in fixed amounts. To this heating tank 2,
An antifoaming agent for eliminating bubbles is also supplied from the antifoaming agent tank 15. The subsequent processing is the same as that in the third embodiment.

In the apparatus of the fourth embodiment, as a precaution, even if bumping occurs in the heating tank 2, a trap 16 is provided so as to prevent splashes that may occur at that time from flying to the cooler K. ing. In the figure, F is a fan.

In the device of Example 4, the COD value of the liquid after passing through the electrolysis mechanism E was reduced to 50 to 200 mg / L. (Example 5) In Example 5, an apparatus as shown in FIG. 5 was formed to treat raw garbage.

This device has a structure suitable for dewatering and incinerating food waste, leftover food and the like produced in homes, kitchens, food processing plants, etc., and is a hollow cylindrical heating tank 2 in which a heating medium 4 is stored.
And a temporary incinerator 17 inside the heating tank 2 and a secondary incinerator 18 above them.

After the waste 1 such as raw garbage and leftover food is shredded with a crusher into pieces of a certain size or smaller (usually, since it becomes a fluid containing a large amount of water and solids, it is stored in the heating tank 2). The supply can be smoothly performed.), And the waste is supplied into the heating medium 4 stored in the heating tank 2 from the input port of the waste supply pipe 3.
In the heating tank 2, the heated heating medium 4 heats and evaporates the water content of the waste 1 and the residue 5 floats on the liquid surface of the heating medium 4. The residue 5 floats up and accumulates one after another, overflows from the heating tank 2, falls into the primary incinerator 17, and is incinerated by the gas burner B. Therefore, in this apparatus, the evaporation process and the incineration / ashing process in the first embodiment are automatically and continuously performed. The heating of the heating tank 2 utilizes the heat of the gas burner B. In addition to the gas burner B, an oil burner or the like can be used.

In Example 5, as the heating medium 4, a fusible alloy composed of lead and indium was used. The melting point of this fusible alloy is 58 ° C, the boiling point is 1,500 ° C or higher, and the specific gravity is 9.
It is 2.

The evaporative components (usually containing odorous components) generated in the heating tank 2 and the exhaust gas generated in the primary incinerator 17 are exhausted after being completely burned by the gas burner B in the secondary incinerator 18. Discharge from the pipe 9 into the outside air.

The waste 1 may be supplied to the liquid surface of the heating medium 4 instead of being supplied into the heating medium 4. By doing so, it is possible to smoothly supply even a waste material which is unlikely to be a fluid material such as a liquid or a slurry. (Example 6) In Example 6, a temporary toilet as shown in FIG. 6 was formed and urine was treated.

The device provided in this temporary toilet processes the urine sent from the urine tank T containing the urine excreted in the urinal 19.

The urine excreted in the urinal 19 first collects in the urine tank T. The COD value of urine was 2,500 mg / L, and the smell of decayed urine was remarkable along with the smell of ammonia. Urine is supplied to the heating tank 2 by a fixed amount by the pump P. In the apparatus of the sixth embodiment, the heaters H are provided at two places, the lower stage and the upper stage, and the lower heater H is used for heating and evaporation, and the upper heater H is used for the secondary incineration.

First, urine is supplied from the waste liquid supply pipe 3 onto the liquid surface of the heating medium 4 heated to 300 ° C. (measured by the temperature sensor 7 below) by the lower heater H, and is subjected to the action of heating evaporation. As the heating medium 4, 2 to 3 L of tin was used. The fact that the residue 5 floats on the liquid surface of the heating medium 4 is the same as in each of the above-described embodiments. The evaporation component of urine is 2 in the heating tank.
And is further incinerated. At this time, the evaporation component passes through the stainless wire mesh W fixed on the baffle plate 6, and the wire mesh W is heated to 850 ° C. by the heater H (the upper temperature sensor 7
(Measured in step 1), the wire mesh W is heated so that odorous components and the like are efficiently burned and oxidatively decomposed.

The vaporized components after the secondary incineration are attracted by a sirocco fan (not shown) and are discharged into the atmosphere from the exhaust pipe 9 as exhaust gas.

In the apparatus of the sixth embodiment, the exhaust gas that has passed through the exhaust pipe 9 is cooled and liquefied and is colorless and transparent, and has a COD value of 20 to
It was reduced to 60 mg / L. Further, this temporary toilet was installed in a closed room having a length of 2 m, a width of 3 m, and a height of 2 m, and the treatment was continuously performed for 10 hours, but no odor such as ammonia odor was found in the room.

The mist in the vaporized component is separated by the baffle plate 6 at the third stage from the top. The semi-solid or solid residue 5 accumulated on the liquid surface of the heating medium 4 is the maximum when the lowermost baffle plate 6 is pulled up together with the lid (each baffle plate 6 is attached to the central shaft). It can be easily picked up by placing it on the lower baffle plate 6. The solid content of salt and the like contained in urine is about 1%, and even if 100 L (an average of 0.2 L per person for a total of 500 people) is treated, the amount of residue 5 is about 1 kg. Maintenance work such as taking out may be performed about every 3 days to once a week.

Therefore, the temporary toilet provided with this device is
It is suitable for use in high-rise buildings where it is difficult to collect urine and discharge it into sewage, large-scale civil engineering construction sites, etc.

As described above, when the waste 1 is treated by the treatment method of the present invention in the apparatus of Examples 1 to 6 equipped with the treatment mechanism of the waste 1 of the present invention, compared with the case of directly heating in the heating tank 2. The components such as salt in the waste 1 rarely corrode or stick to the wall surface of the heating tank 2. In particular, when salt adheres to the heating tank 2, the heat transfer efficiency decreases, so that the temperature must be raised excessively and the heating tank 2 is often damaged. However, according to the treatment method of the present invention, the waste 1
Since it is rarely directly heated from the heating tank 2, such a problem does not occur. Moreover, since the waste 1 is uniformly surrounded by the heating medium 4, heat is uniformly applied to the waste 1, and the waste 1 is treated very efficiently, so that the consumption of the electric power of the heater H can be suppressed to a low level.

As the heating medium 4, lead, tin alone, or lead, tin, bismuth, antimony, indium,
A fusion metal or the like made of an appropriate combination of cadmium or the like is suitable, but not limited to those described in Examples 1 to 5 above. If the heating medium 4 is made of metal, even if vaporization of water or the like in the waste 1 is somewhat vigorous, it is possible to suppress the rising momentum of bubbles such as water vapor generated by the vaporization. Even if it reaches the surface, there is almost no splash. Moreover, since metal has a high boiling point, it can be heated to a relatively high temperature, and if air is mixed with waste 1 at the same time, the organic components of the waste are more likely to be oxidized and decomposed. Has a low COD value and a low degree of odor, and can be discharged to the atmosphere, sewage or the like as it is, or by only performing a simple electrolytic treatment or secondary incineration.

In the conventional method which does not use the heating medium 4, the waste 1 may be bumped and the droplets may be mixed with the evaporation component, so that it is difficult to sufficiently reduce the COD value. Also, since the odorous components are not sufficiently oxidized and decomposed,
An adsorbent for deodorization using activated carbon etc. was required.
However, since the adsorbent is water or ash generated by the heat treatment of the waste 1, it can only be used for a short period of time.

The heating medium 4 only needs to be able to evaporate the evaporation components such as the water content of the waste 1, and the incineration / ashing of the residue 5 after evaporation can be performed by subsequently raising the temperature in the same heating tank 2. ,
It may be performed by another device. In addition, if the pressure in the heating tank 2 is reduced, the evaporation rate can be increased.

In each of Examples 1 to 6, the heating medium 4 is kept at a relatively low temperature and the evaporation step is performed,
Although the temperature is raised to perform the incineration / ashing process, the temperature is raised from the beginning so that the waste 1 is incinerated or carbonized while rising in the heating medium 4 or on the liquid surface of the heating medium 4. May be.

[0048]

The present invention has the above-mentioned structure and has the following effects.

According to the waste treatment mechanism and treatment method of the present invention, the waste is heated on the liquid surface of the heating medium so that stable evaporative concentration can be efficiently performed for a long time even if evaporative concentration proceeds. Since the waste does not come into direct contact with the wall of the heating tank,
The heating tank is less likely to be damaged by components such as salt in the waste.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a system flow diagram illustrating an apparatus according to a first embodiment including a waste treatment mechanism according to the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a system flow diagram illustrating an apparatus according to a second embodiment including a waste treatment mechanism according to the present invention.

FIG. 3 is a system flow diagram illustrating an apparatus according to a third embodiment including a waste treatment mechanism according to the present invention.

FIG. 4 is a system flow diagram illustrating an apparatus according to a fourth embodiment including a waste treatment mechanism according to the present invention.

FIG. 5 is a system flow diagram illustrating an apparatus according to a fifth embodiment including a waste treatment mechanism according to the present invention.

FIG. 6 is a system flow diagram illustrating an apparatus according to a sixth embodiment including a waste treatment mechanism according to the present invention.

[Explanation of symbols]

1 waste 2 heating tanks 4 heating medium

Claims (4)

(57) [Claims] 1. The specific gravity is greater than 1 and the boiling point is water.
Heating tank to store the higher heating medium and waste to be treated
Is supplied to the heating medium to melt the waste.
Evaporation by heating on the liquid surface of the heating medium
A waste treatment mechanism characterized by evaporating components . 2. As the heating medium, tin, lead, or easy fusion
The waste treatment mechanism according to claim 1, wherein gold is used . 3. Waste with specific gravity greater than 1
Heating on the liquid surface of a molten heating medium whose boiling point is higher than that of water
The feature is that the
How to dispose of waste . 4. As the heating medium, tin, lead, or easy fusion is used.
The method for treating waste according to claim 3, wherein gold is used .