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JP3658241B2 - Self-propelled multilevel parking lot - Google Patents
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JP3658241B2 - Self-propelled multilevel parking lot - Google Patents

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JP3658241B2
JP3658241B2 JP12039399A JP12039399A JP3658241B2 JP 3658241 B2 JP3658241 B2 JP 3658241B2 JP 12039399 A JP12039399 A JP 12039399A JP 12039399 A JP12039399 A JP 12039399A JP 3658241 B2 JP3658241 B2 JP 3658241B2
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self
propelled
parking lot
fire
smoke
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JP2000310050A (en
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一也 北川
興次 石原
一彦 橋之口
信行 青木
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武田 富久行
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Description

【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、自走式立体駐車場に関し、特に、駐車している車が火災を発生した際に、車間の延焼を防止して安全に避難することが可能な低コストの自走式立体駐車場に関する。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
立体駐車場は、従来から建築物として取り扱われており、防災に関しても一般の建物と同列に位置付けられている。
従って、駐車場の防災は、基本的に一般の建築物と同様であり、防火区画の面積は1000m2 と決められている。そして、建物の外壁、屋根、床については耐火構造又は不燃材料を使用して防火や延焼防止を図っており、防火区画内の柱、梁は、耐火被覆で覆うことを義務付けられている。さらに、防火区画の開口部や開口部における延焼の恐れがある部分には防火シャッターを装備することが求められている。
【0003】
又、建築物の部分が道路の中心線・隣地境界線もしくは隣接する建物同士の外壁間距離の中心線から、地上階で3m、2階以上では5m以下の距離にある部分については、これを延焼の恐れがある部分として取り扱われていることから、駐車場に関しても基本的には、同様の対応が要求されている。
【0004】
防煙区画に関しても、避難上の安全性や火災危険の高さに応じて、煙の流れを一時的に止めて避難し易くするために防煙壁を設けることが求められており、天井材の不燃、準不燃に対応して防煙たれ壁の配置も異なるものにしている。
【0005】
ただし、自走式立体駐車場に関しては、高層化や段差式あるいは連続傾床式による有効面積の拡大を図ってきており、駐車効率の向上と、延焼防止・畜煙防止・静粛化及び使用時の安心感の造成等安全面についての種々の工夫改善と実規模実験による安全性確認を経て、上記制限を緩和させたものも認められてきた。
図9、10は、現状の自走式立体駐車場を示している平面図と部分立面図である。
自走式立体駐車場30は、火災拡大の防止に関して自走式立体駐車場の部材を鉄材等の不燃材で構成して不燃化を図るすると共に、屋根床版、2階部床版及び傾斜路床版に用いるエキスパンドメタル、グレーチングメタル、パンチングメタル等の鉄板は、特認のものを使用することで、防火区画の床面積は、1層2段式の自走式駐車場で4.000m2 、2層3段式駐車場では8.000m2にすることが認められている。
【0006】
又、隣地等への延焼防止に関しても、▲1▼ 隣地境界線等から自走式立体駐車場の外周線までの距離を0.5m以上確保する。▲2▼ 1階で自走式立体駐車場の外周線が隣地境界線等から1.0m未満の場合には、隣地境界線の内側に高さ2.0m以上の防火塀31を設け、その0.5m以上の部分を不燃材料又は準不燃材料で覆う。▲3▼ 2階及び屋上部で、自走式立体駐車場の外周線が隣地境界線等から1.0m未満の場合には、高さ1.5m以上の防火塀32を設け、その0.5m以上の部分を不燃材料又は準不燃材料で覆うものとしている。又、上部への延焼防止に関しては、上階の床版高さを2.5mとし、車室部上部の床版を閉鎖するとしており、自走式立体駐車場には消防設備を設置することを義務付けている。
【0007】
さらに、煙制御に関しては、▲1▼ 自走式立体駐車場外周に隣地境界線から0.5m以上の空地を確保して側面開口の有効性を確保する。▲2▼ 上階の煙濃度を抑制しながら当該階の避難安全性を確保するために、上階の床版及び屋根床版に設ける開口の開口率を2%〜20%に制限する。ただし、側面開口は開口長の半分を有効な開口として加算する。▲1▼ 自走式立体駐車場外周に隣地境界線から0.5m以上の空地を確保できない場合は、準不燃材料の延焼防火壁を建てる。として対応してきた。
【0008】
又、一般建築物と同様の観点から、被災物から上階への延焼を防止するために、燃焼する可能性がある車が置いてある車室33には開口を配置させずに、もっぱら車路34に設けるのが一般的であり、車路に配置する開口35についても、上階の煙濃度を抑制するために開口度を制限しながら排煙を増長させるために、上階もしくは屋根の床版に配置している開口と同一位置に配置して地上から屋根まで連通した開口にしていた。
このため、屋根に設けた開口35からの雨水の降り込みが各階層に行き渡ることになり、濡れた路面でのスリップ事故が懸念されるところから、各階層において車路上からの雨水の始末は安全性の面からも問題視されていた。
【0009】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
しかしながら、従来の自走式立体駐車場は、基本的に建築物としての規制を受けざるを得ないことから、その規制を前提にした安全性等の改善提案を行っているものであり、各部位における構造体の本質的な機能の追求や性能の確立について本格的に検討された経緯がない。
【0010】
しかるに、自走式立体駐車場を2層3段から3層4段以上へと、さらなる高層化と傾床化を促進するためには、高層化に伴う架構構造への負荷の増大、大規模化における延焼形態の変化及び床版の傾床化によって発生する下面に沿った煙流動とたれ壁による煙の制御・拡散防止について、安全性等への懸念を明確にしておくことが重要である。
【0011】
駐車場は、建物としても内部に設備される機器や家財を中心にしている一般建築に対して、自動車という同一物に充分な間隙を保ちながら整然と配列している実態に即して、建物という単純な枠の中で対応することから離れて独立した構造物を想定する必要がある。
特に、最近の社会的動向に呼応して、製造者責任の徹底や品質保証傾向のように、駐車場として求められる本質的な品質・性能を保証するためには、駐車場の平面が大規模化した場合の延焼性状、自由空間に近い状態での自動車の延焼性状や、延焼熱による架構への熱負荷と載架荷重の変化及び傾床下部分でのたれ壁効果による煙制御効果と上階への延焼防止性能等について、構造的本質面からの追求と検討が必要である。
【0012】
本発明は、これらの状況に鑑みて提案するものであり、従来の一般建築からの対応では必要とされていた、防火区画面積の特定、耐火構造又は不燃材料を使用しての防火や延焼防止を行う防火塀の設置及び排煙口の配置や防煙たれ壁の設置等について、本質的に再検討することで、安全性と防犯対策を向上させながら製造コストの低減を図った自走式立体駐車場の提供を目的にしている。
【0013】
【課題を解決するための手段】
請求項1に記載の本発明は、車室と車路から構成される自走式立体駐車場であって、自走式立体駐車場の外周に耐火装備を施した構造にし又は当該外周を全て開放構造にし、上階もしくは屋根の床版に通風開口を配置し、かつ、上記通風開口を、同一平面上の駐車区画の隣接車両との境界線上に配置したことを特徴としている。また、請求項2に記載の本発明は、請求項1に記載の本発明において、通風開口を、後ろあわせの駐車区画において、後ろの車との境界線上に配置したことを特徴としている。このような構成により、通風開口を通る上昇気流を積極的に起こさせることで、燃焼した車から発生する炎や煙を車に沿わせて直上に上昇させる防災エアーカーテンを形成し輻射熱の放散を図って隣接した車への延焼を防止し、同時に上階もしくは屋根の床版に煙層を形成させて自走式立体駐車場外に継続的に排煙する推進力を造成している。また、防災エアーカーテンの形成と煙層を形成させて排煙する推進力の造成を具体化している。
【0015】
請求項3に記載の本発明は、請求項1又は2に記載の本発明において、上記通風開口を、上下階もしくは屋根の床版に配置した通風開口と連通開口にならない位置に配置することを特徴としている。したがって、雨水の降込みを防止して効果的である。
【0016】
請求項4、5、または、6に記載の発明による自走式立体駐車場は、請求項1〜3のいずれか一項に記載の本発明において、上記の各発明を1層2段、2層3段及び3層4段の各駐車場に適用して、従来の一般建築からの対応では必要とされていた、防火区画面積の特定、耐火構造又は不燃材料を使用しての防火や延焼防止を行う防火塀の設置を無くして視界を拡大し、自走式立体駐車場の安全性と防犯対策の向上を図ると同時に製造コストの低減を図っている。
【0018】
【発明の実施の形態】
本発明による自走式立体駐車場は、自走式立体駐車場の外周に耐火装備をするかもしくは全てを開放した構造にし、上階もしくは屋根の床版に通風開口を配置したことを特徴としており、通風開口を通る上昇気流を積極的に起こさせることで、燃焼した車から発生する炎や煙を車に沿わせて直上に上昇させる防災エアーカーテンを形成し輻射熱の放散を図って隣接した車への延焼を防止し、同時に上階もしくは屋根の床版に煙層を形成させて自走式立体駐車場外に継続的に排煙する推進力を造成しているものであり、これを1層2段、2層3段及び3層4段の各駐車場に適用して安全性と防犯対策の向上を図ると同時に製造コストの低減を図っている。
【0019】
自走式立体駐車場における構造防災面に関しては、上述したように、自走式立体駐車場を建物として特定することから出発しているために、駐車している車が実際に火災を発生した場合に、どのような延焼状態を経過して行くのかの実態については確認されていない。
そこで、発明者等は、自走式立体駐車場について、構造防災面の安全性を確認するために、図8に示す実物大の実験モデル40での火災実験を実施した。(特願平10−364007号参照)
【0020】
図8(a)は実験モデルの平面図、同(b)は図8(a)の(b)矢視図、同(c)は図8(a)の(c)矢視図である。
火災実験は、図8に示す実験モデル40を対象にして、平面式車庫41や、平面段差式車庫42、あるいは連続傾床式車庫43など、型式の異なる複数種類の自走式立体駐車場について、傾床床版間あるいは段差床版間での上階への延焼危険性の把握と、畜煙・側面排煙が自然風の影響下で示す性状をについての正確かつ多岐に亘るデータをとることであり、次の点について解明を行った。
▲1▼駐車場の平面が約4.000m2と大規模化した場合の燃焼性状と半閉鎖 空間での車の燃焼性状。(厳しい延焼条件下での発熱速度と延焼継続時間 )
▲2▼自由空間に近い状態での自動車の燃焼性状。(壁のない自然風影響下での 延焼性状)
▲3▼上記状態下での燃焼熱による架構への熱負荷と載架荷重。
▲4▼傾床床下部分でのたれ壁効果の煙制御効果。(構造体の形状が持つ煙流動 性状)
▲5▼上階への延焼防止性能。(構造体の形状が持つ熱気流の流動性状)
【0021】
▲1▼と▲3▼を把握するための実験では、不燃の壁(ALC材)44で燃料支配型の半閉鎖空間を形成し、その中で6台の自動車を燃焼させた。最初に中央の1台の車45が燃焼し、両側の自動車と後ろを付き合わせて駐車している自動車へと延焼して、さらに延焼した自動車から後方に在る両側の自動車に延焼するものとして、行なわれた。
▲2▼と▲4▼を把握するための実験では、周囲に壁面を設けていない2段目に載置した自動車46を燃焼させて、自由空間における車46の燃焼性状を観察した。又、傾床している3階床版の下面に沿った煙の流動性状とたれ壁の効果も同時に把握している。
【0022】
図1は、上記実証実験において認められた燃焼車から発生する炎の拡散状況を説明するための模擬図である。
図1に示す炎1の燃焼状況は、自動車2の燃焼自体が緩やかであり、自動車の燃焼部分から上昇する炎1は、予想以上に直上に上昇して短時間で消滅し、煙霧化していた。その理由としては、駐車している自動車2の火災が、一般の建物における設備機器や家財等の燃焼と異なって、火災荷重の少ないことが比較的緩やかな燃焼性状を示す最大の要因と考えられる。さらに、燃焼する炎は車体の隙間から車外に噴出するが、上昇気流によって漸次車体に沿って上昇して水平方向には大きく拡大せず隣接した車に接触しないことが、第2の要因と推定される。
【0023】
従って、隣接する他の自動車への延焼は、輻射熱だけによって伝搬されるものであり、延焼は複数の自動車が一斉に燃焼するような急激な拡大状態には成らずに段階的な時間を経て展開されるから、車の燃焼や炎の延焼は一般の建物における設備機器や家財等の燃焼と異なって緩やかであり、上部階の床版に到達することなく煙になる状態を顕示しているものといえる。
【0024】
燃焼車2から発生する炎1は煙となるが、周辺の空間が充分に開放され排煙開口が設けられている場合には、煙の発生速度と排煙開口を通って自走式立体駐車場の開放空間からの流出速度がほぼ一定になっている。このため、燃焼した自動車2からの煙3は、排煙開口を通って急速に排煙し、周辺を開放してあるために車庫内に滞留、充満することなく、床版下に約1mの煙層を形成して一定速度で車庫外に排煙され、煙層の下はほとんど無煙に近く人の避難や移動に支障を生じない状況であることも確認されている。
【0025】
上記実験によって検証されたところによると、駐車している車が火災を発生して燃焼する状況は、従来から防災の立脚点として認識されてきた建物における火災の状況とは極めて異なる経過を示すことが判明した。
即ち、自動車の火災は通常の家屋に配置されている家財や設備機器による燃焼と異なって、以下の点において特徴的であった。
▲1▼車の火災荷重は、住居に配備されている他の家財、設備機器と比較して極 めて少ない。
▲2▼車の火災荷重が少ないことから、火災を起こした車から発生する炎と煙の 流出はほぼ一定の速度で行われ、延焼を受けた車においても同様である 。
▲3▼車からの炎と煙は車体に沿って直上に上昇しており、水平方向への移動と 拡大は少ない。
▲4▼火災を発生した車から他の車への延焼は、輻射熱によって伝搬されるため に、延焼は複数の自動車が一斉に燃焼する急激なものでなく段階的な時 間を経て展開される。
▲5▼車から流出した煙は、水平流動が活発であり排煙開口を通って急速に排煙 するので、開放された自走式立体駐車場内に滞留せずに定常的な速度で 自走式立体駐車場外に排煙される。
以上のことから、自走式立体駐車場に対する防災対策は、本来一般の建築物における防災対策とは異なる観点から行われる必要のあることが明らかになったといえる。
【0026】
本発明による自走式立体駐車場は、上記の実証実験による知見に基づいて構築されている。
図2は、本発明による自走式立体駐車場10の全体を示す平面図である。
自走式立体駐車場10は、車が駐車できる空間を確保した車室11と、車室11に車を走行させて駐車位置に出入りするための車路12から構成され、構造的観点から配置される柱と上階床版もしくは屋根によって構築されている。
【0027】
車室の構成は複数の駐車区画13に区分されている。各駐車区画13は、隣接して駐車する車間に自由に乗降可能な幅と奥行きとを確保する基本寸法に区分けられ、柱が出庫口から扉の開閉に支障を生じない奥の位置に配置されている。このため、自走式立体駐車場10の構造面からの柱間隔もこの寸法に従って設置されている。
以上の状況から、自走式立体駐車場10は、隣接する車間の間隔を充分にとった車室の配列と車路との対応において、一般の建築物と異なって結果的に充分な平面空間を確保しており、上記知見を有効に活用するように配置した構造を全体的に採用している。
【0028】
図示の自走式立体駐車場10には、複数個の通風開口を配置している。
通風開口14は、中央に配置された車室に区分されている後ろあわせの駐車区画13の境界線上に配置している。さらに、周辺に配置された各車室における特定した駐車区画の横方向の境界線上にも通風開口15を形成している。
通風開口14、15の形成は、従来車路に形成していた排煙開口と構造的には類似したものであるが、その機能は異なっている。
【0029】
即ち、通風開口は、上昇気流を積極的に起こさせることを目的にしており、基本的には、通風開口を通る上昇気流を積極的に起こさせることで、自走式立体駐車場内の空気を上方に押し上げて上階もしくは屋根床版の通風開口から自走式立体駐車場外に排気させる推進力を造成する作用を付加している。これによって、火災が発生した場合には、煙の流れを通風開口間に特定して被災区域を規制し、同時に上階もしくは屋根の床版の下に一定の幅を維持した煙層を形成させて自走式立体駐車場外に継続的に排煙しているものであり、視界を良好にして避難時の安全性を向上させている。
【0030】
又、車間の境界線上に意識的に配置することで、車周辺の上昇気流を積極的に造成している。これによって、燃焼した車から発生する炎や煙を車に沿わせて直上に上昇させる防災エアーカーテンを形成し、輻射熱の放散を図って隣接した車への延焼を防止している。この目的からは、車室の全ての境界線上に配置することが望ましいところであるが、構造上の観点と延焼制限区画の形成との兼合から、本実施の形態では、図示のように、中央に配置された車室に区分されている後ろあわせの駐車区画13の境界線上に通風開口14を配置し、周辺に設けられた車室の中央の駐車区画を形成する柱間の境界線上に通風開口15を配置している。
【0031】
図3は、図2の(3)−(3)矢視した自走式立体駐車場を示す立面図である。
自走式立体駐車場10は、図示のように、上階もしくは屋根の床版16は、梁等の通常の構造部材を配備しているのみであり、自走式立体駐車場10の外周には手すり17のみを装備している。
通風開口14は、後ろあわせした車の間に配置され、上下階とも同一の位置にしているが、後述するように実験による検証では煙の水平流動は極めて円滑であるところから、上下階の通風開口の位置を交互にずらすことも機能を低下させることなく可能である。
【0032】
以上のように、通風開口の配置は、車室や車路の平面空間を充分に確保すると同時に自走式立体駐車場の外周を積極的に開放していることと相俟って、車からの炎は燃焼車の直上に上昇して煙霧化し、輻射熱を弱めて隣接する車への延焼を未然に防止し、さらに、自走式立体駐車場内に発生した煙は、実証実験の流動性状に則って通風開口を通って自走式立体駐車場の外に円滑に流動放散されることになり、自走式立体駐車場内の床版表面には全体的に煙のない平面空間を形成できる。
【0033】
図4、5は、通風開口を車路に配置した実施の形態を示している。
図4は、平面図であり、図5は、図4を(5)−(5)矢視した断面図である。
通風開口18は、屋上階19に所定のピッチで配置されており、下階20に配置される通風開口21は、通風開口18とピッチは同様であるが、その配置位置は、1つずれた状態にしている。
従って、屋上階の通風開口から降り込む雨水は、下階の車路を濡らすことになるが、その下の階や地上階には到達することが無く、従来のように各階の車路を水浸しにしてスリップの危険性を発生させることが無くなる。
下階20に配置される通風開口21には、降り込んできた雨水を集めて排水するための排水樋22が床版の下に取り付けられているが、排水樋22の側面には雨水が溢れ出ない程度の切り欠き開口23を設けて気流の流通を妨げないようにしてある。
【0034】
図6、7は、傾斜型や段違い型の自走式立体駐車場において、後ろあわせに駐車区画を形成している場合の実施の形態を示している。
傾斜型や段違い型の場合には、後ろあわせの車の間に垂直方向に段差を設けている。本発明は、車の間に通風開口を設けて上昇気流を造成するものであるから、段差がある場合には、段差面に沿った垂直の開口を設けてその機能を確立させている。
図6は、段差面のみに通風開口を配置した実施の形態図である。
図6(a)は断面図であり、上下に段差を持った駐車区画24、25を構造的に接合する側面26に通風開口27を設けている。通風開口は、図6(b)の正面図で明らかなように側面26に所定の開口面積を有する通風開口27を形成しているもので、一方の駐車区画を形成している床版24の下から出てくる気流が床版25の駐車区画に駐車している車の後ろから上昇気流になって両駐車区画間に防炎エアーカーテンを形成している。
従って、上記検証によれば、燃焼車からの延焼は炎の輻射熱によって伝搬されているから、床版24に駐車している燃焼車からの炎を積極的に上昇させて煙霧化させ、輻射熱の減少を図ることで、床版25の駐車区画に駐車している車への延焼はこれを阻止できる。又、燃焼車が逆の場合も同様である。
【0035】
図7は、段差面と駐車区画に通風開口を形成、配置した実施の形態図である。図7(a)は断面図であり、上下に段差を持った駐車区画24、25を構造的に接合する側面26に通風開口28を設けている。通風開口は、図7(b)の平面図で明らかなように側面26と駐車区画24、25に渡って所定の開口面積を有する通風開口28を形成しているもので、駐車区画24を区画している床版の下から出てくる気流が床版25の駐車区画に駐車している車の後ろから上昇気流になって両駐車区画間に防炎エアーカーテンを形成している。
図6で説明した上記実施の形態では、通風開口が垂直面に形成され気流が水平方向に導かれていたが、本実施の形態では垂直面に加えて駐車区画に水平方向の切り込みを設けることで、上下の駐車区画を通じて垂直方向の気流を造成しているから、上昇気流の推進力をさらに強力にすることができる。
従って、燃焼車からの炎をより積極的に上昇させ、煙霧化と輻射熱の減少を強化して他方の駐車区画に駐車している車への延焼を確実に阻止することができる。
【0036】
以上詳細に説明したように、本発明による自走式立体駐車場は、上階もしくは屋根の床版に通風開口を配置することで、通風開口を通る上昇気流を積極的に起こさせ、自走式立体駐車場内の空気を上方に押し上げて上階もしくは屋根床版の通風開口から自走式立体駐車場外に排気させる推進力を造成させ、車周辺の上昇気流を車の直上に上昇させている。
【0037】
従って、火災が発生した場合には、自走式立体駐車場内に発生した煙は、実証実験の流動性状に則って通風開口を通って自走式立体駐車場の外に円滑に流動放散されることになって、自走式立体駐車場内の床版表面には全体的に煙のない平面空間を形成できる。さらに、車の炎を車の直上に上昇させて煙霧化し、輻射熱を弱めて隣接する車への延焼を未然に防止している。
【0038】
又、煙の流れを通風開口間に特定して被災区域を規制し、同時に上階もしくは屋根の床版の下に一定の幅を維持した煙層を形成させて自走式立体駐車場外に継続的に排煙しているものであり、延焼防火区画を狭い範囲に画成したり、通路等の開口部に防火シャッターを取り付けることをなくして、駐車場全体の見通しを良くし安全性と防犯対策の向上を可能にし、製造コストの低減が図っている。
【0039】
以上、本発明を実施の形態に基づいて詳細に説明してきたが、本発明による自走式立体駐車場は、基本的に、自走式立体駐車場の外周に耐火装備をするかもしくは全てを開放した構造にし、上階もしくは屋根の床版に通風開口を配置したことを特徴としており、通風開口を通る上昇気流を積極的に起こさせることで、燃焼した車から発生する炎や煙を車に沿わせて直上に上昇させる防災エアーカーテンを形成し輻射熱の放散を図って隣接した車への延焼を防止し、同時に上階もしくは屋根の床版に煙層を形成させて自走式立体駐車場外に継続的に排煙する推進力を造成しているものであるから、本発明は、上記実施の形態に何ら限定されるものでなく、発明の趣旨に反しない範囲において種々の変更が可能なことは当然である。
【0040】
【発明の効果】
請求項1または2に記載の本発明によれば、通風開口を通る上昇気流を積極的に起こさせることで、燃焼した車から発生する炎や煙を車に沿わせて直上に上昇させる防災エアーカーテンを形成し輻射熱の放散を図って隣接した車への延焼を防止し、同時に上階もしくは屋根の床版に煙層を形成させて自走式立体駐車場外に継続的に排煙する推進力を造成する効果を発揮している。また、防災エアーカーテンの形成と煙層を形成させて排煙する推進力の造成を具体化する効果を発揮している。
特に、通風開口を駐車区画の境界線上に意識的に配置することで、車周辺の上昇気流を積極的に造成している。これによって、燃焼した車から発生する炎や煙を車に沿わせて直上に上昇させる防災エアーカーテンを形成し、輻射熱の放散を図って隣接した車への延焼を防止している。
【0042】
請求項3に記載の本発明によれば、雨水の降込みを防止して自走式立体駐車場内の水浸しを無くし、スリップ等の事故や車の汚れを防止できる効果を発揮している。
【0043】
請求項4、5、または、6に記載の本発明によれば、上記の各発明を1層2段、2層3段及び3層4段の各駐車場に適用して、従来の一般建築からの対応では必要とされていた、防火区画面積の特定、耐火構造又は不燃材料を使用しての防火や延焼防止を行う防火塀の設置を無くして視界を拡大し、自走式立体駐車場の安全性と防犯対策の向上を図ると同時に製造コストの低減を図れる効果を発揮している。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図1】実証実験における燃焼煙の性状図
【図2】車室に通風開口を配置した自走式立体駐車場の平面図
【図3】車室に通風開口を配置した自走式立体駐車場の部分立面図
【図4】車路に通風開口を配置した自走式立体駐車場の平面図
【図5】車路に通風開口を配置した自走式立体駐車場の部分立面図
【図6】段差を有する自走式立体駐車場における他の実施の形態図
【図7】段差を有する自走式立体駐車場における他の実施の形態図
【図8】実証実験に用いた自走式立体駐車場のモデル図
【図9】従来の自走式立体駐車場の平面図
【図10】従来の自走式立体駐車場の部分立面図
【符号の説明】
1 燃焼炎、 2 燃焼車、 3 煙、 4 排煙開口、
10 自走式立体駐車場、
11 車室、 12 車路、 13 駐車区画、 14、15 通風開口、
16 床版、 17 手すり、18、21 通風開口、 19 屋上階、
20 下階、 22 排水樋、 23 切り欠き開口、
24、25 駐車区画、 26 側面、 27 通風開口、 28 通風開口、
30 従来の自走式立体駐車場、 31 2階以上の防火塀、
32 1階の防火塀、 40 実験モデル、 41 平面式車庫、
42 平面段差式車庫、 43 連続傾床式車庫、 44 断熱材(ALC)、
45、46 燃焼車、
[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a self-propelled multilevel parking garage, and in particular, a low-cost self-propelled multilevel parking that can be safely evacuated by preventing the spread of fire between cars when a parked car generates a fire. About the parking lot.
[0002]
[Prior art]
The multistory parking lot has been conventionally handled as a building, and is positioned in the same row as general buildings for disaster prevention.
Therefore, disaster prevention of parking lots is basically the same as that of ordinary buildings, and the area of the fire prevention compartment is 1000m. 2 It is decided. And the outer walls, roofs, and floors of buildings are designed to prevent fires and spread fire by using fireproof structures or incombustible materials, and it is obliged to cover the pillars and beams in the fireproof section with a fireproof coating. Furthermore, it is required to provide a fire shutter at the opening of the fire prevention section and at the portion where there is a risk of fire spread in the opening.
[0003]
In addition, if the part of the building is at a distance of 3m on the ground floor and 5m or less on the second floor and above from the center line of the road, the border line of the adjacent land or the center line of the distance between the adjacent buildings, Since it is handled as a part where there is a risk of fire spread, basically the same correspondence is required for the parking lot.
[0004]
With regard to smoke-proof sections, it is required to provide smoke-proof walls in order to make it easier to evacuate by temporarily stopping the flow of smoke according to the safety of evacuation and the height of fire hazard. Corresponding to non-combustible and semi-incombustible, the arrangement of smoke proof walls is also different.
[0005]
However, with regard to self-propelled multistory parking lots, we are working to increase the effective area by increasing the height, stepping type or continuous inclined floor type, improving parking efficiency and preventing fire spread, smoke prevention, quietness and use It has been recognized that the above restrictions have been relaxed through various safety improvements such as the creation of a sense of security and safety confirmation through full-scale experiments.
9 and 10 are a plan view and a partial elevation view showing the current self-propelled multi-story parking lot.
The self-propelled multi-story parking garage 30 is composed of a non-combustible material such as iron to make the self-propelled multi-story car park members non-combustible with respect to prevention of fire expansion, roof floor slab, second floor slab and inclined Expanded metal, grating metal, punching metal, etc. used for the roadbed slab are made of specially approved steel plates, and the floor area of the fire protection compartment is 4.00m in a one-layer, two-stage self-propelled parking lot. 2 8.000m in a two-tier, three-tier parking lot 2 It is allowed to
[0006]
In addition, regarding the prevention of the spread of fire to the adjacent land, etc. (1) Secure a distance of 0.5 m or more from the boundary line of the adjacent land to the outer perimeter line of the self-propelled multilevel parking lot. (2) On the first floor, if the outer circumference of the self-propelled multi-story parking lot is less than 1.0m from the adjacent land boundary, etc., a fire fence 31 with a height of 2.0m or more is provided inside the adjacent land boundary. Cover 0.5m or more with non-combustible material or semi-incombustible material. (3) On the second floor and rooftop, if the outer circumference of the self-propelled multilevel parking garage is less than 1.0m from the boundary of the adjacent land, etc., a fire pit 32 having a height of 1.5m or more is provided. The part of 5 m or more is covered with a non-combustible material or a semi-incombustible material. In addition, to prevent the spread of fire to the upper part, the floor slab height of the upper floor is set to 2.5 m and the floor slab of the upper part of the passenger compartment is closed, and fire fighting equipment is installed in the self-propelled multistory parking lot. Is obligatory.
[0007]
In addition, regarding smoke control, (1) ensure the availability of side openings by securing an open space of 0.5m or more from the boundary of the adjacent land on the outer periphery of the self-propelled multistory parking lot. (2) In order to secure the evacuation safety of the floor while suppressing the smoke concentration of the upper floor, the opening ratio of the openings provided in the upper floor slab and the roof floor slab is limited to 2% to 20%. However, for the side opening, half of the opening length is added as an effective opening. (1) If an open space of 0.5m or more from the boundary of the adjacent land cannot be secured on the outer periphery of the self-propelled multistory parking garage, build a quasi-incombustible fire spreading fire wall. Have responded as.
[0008]
Also, from the same point of view as general buildings, in order to prevent the spread of fire from the affected objects to the upper floor, there is no opening in the passenger compartment 33 where there is a car that may burn, and the vehicle is exclusively located. Generally, it is provided on the road 34, and the opening 35 arranged on the roadway is also provided on the upper floor or the roof in order to increase the smoke emission while restricting the degree of opening in order to suppress the smoke concentration on the upper floor. The opening was placed at the same position as the opening placed on the floor slab and communicated from the ground to the roof.
For this reason, rainwater falls from the opening 35 provided on the roof to the floors, and there is a concern about slip accidents on wet roads. It was also regarded as a problem in terms of sex.
[0009]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
However, conventional self-propelled multistory parking lots are basically subject to regulations as buildings, so we are proposing improvements such as safety based on the regulations. There has not been a full-fledged study of the pursuit of essential functions and the establishment of performance of the structures in the site.
[0010]
However, in order to promote a further increase in the height and inclination of the self-propelled multi-story parking lot from 2 layers, 3 tiers to 3 tiers, 4 tiers or more, an increase in the load on the frame structure accompanying the increase in the height, large scale It is important to clarify safety concerns regarding smoke flow control along the bottom surface caused by changes in the spread of fire and the inclination of floor slabs, and smoke control / prevention of diffusion caused by drift walls. .
[0011]
A parking lot is called a building in line with the fact that it is arranged neatly while maintaining a sufficient gap in the same thing as an automobile, compared to general buildings centered on equipment and household goods installed inside as a building. It is necessary to assume an independent structure apart from corresponding in a simple frame.
In particular, in order to guarantee the essential quality and performance required for parking lots, such as thorough manufacturer responsibility and quality assurance trends, in response to recent social trends, the parking lot plane is large-scale. The spread of fire and the spread of the car in a state close to free space, the heat load on the frame due to the spread of heat and changes in the load of the frame, and the smoke control effect and the upper floor due to the leaning wall effect at the lower part of the inclined floor It is necessary to pursue and study from the viewpoint of structural essence, etc., about the ability to prevent the spread of fire.
[0012]
The present invention is proposed in view of these circumstances, and is required in the response from the conventional general construction, the identification of the fire prevention area, the fire prevention structure or the prevention of fire spread using the non-combustible material. A self-propelled system that aims to reduce manufacturing costs while improving safety and security measures by essentially reexamining the installation of fire pits and the arrangement of smoke vents and smoke proof walls. The purpose is to provide a multistory parking lot.
[0013]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
The present invention according to claim 1 is a self-propelled multilevel parking garage composed of a passenger compartment and a roadway, wherein the outer periphery of the self-propelled multilevel parking garage has a structure with fireproof equipment or the entire circumference Open structure, vent openings on the upper floor or roof slab, and the above vent openings, Coplanar Parking lot With adjacent vehicles It is characterized by being placed on the boundary line. Further, the present invention described in claim 2 is characterized in that, in the present invention described in claim 1, the ventilation opening is arranged on the boundary line with the rear vehicle in the rear parking lot. With such a configuration, a rising air flow through the ventilation opening is positively generated, thereby forming a disaster air curtain that raises the flame and smoke generated from the burned car along the car and directly dissipates radiant heat. In order to prevent the spread of fire to adjacent vehicles, a smoke layer is formed on the upper floor or roof slab, and a propulsive force that continuously exhausts smoke outside the self-propelled multilevel parking lot is created. It also embodies the formation of a disaster prevention air curtain and the creation of a propulsion force that smokes by forming a smoke layer.
[0015]
The present invention according to claim 3 is the present invention according to claim 1 or 2, The ventilation opening is arranged at a position that does not become a ventilation opening and a communication opening arranged on the upper and lower floors or the floor slab of the roof. Therefore, it is effective to prevent rain water from falling.
[0016]
Claim 4, 5 or 6 The self-propelled multi-story parking lot according to the invention described in In this invention as described in any one of Claims 1-3, Applying each of the above inventions to parking lots of one layer, two tiers, two tiers, three tiers and three tiers and four tiers, identifying the fire prevention area and fireproof structure required in response to conventional general construction Or, by expanding the field of view by eliminating the use of fire retardants that prevent fires and spreading fire using non-combustible materials, the safety and security measures of self-propelled multistory parking lots are improved, while manufacturing costs are reduced. ing.
[0018]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
The self-propelled multi-story parking lot according to the present invention is characterized in that the self-propelled multi-story parking lot is provided with fireproof equipment on the outer periphery or a structure in which all are opened, and ventilation openings are arranged on the upper floor or roof slab. Adjacent to dissipate radiant heat by forming a disaster air curtain that raises the flames and smoke generated from the burned car up directly along the car by positively raising the updraft through the ventilation opening It prevents the spread of fire to the car, and at the same time forms a smoke layer on the floor slab of the upper floor or roof to create a driving force that continuously exhausts smoke outside the self-propelled multistory parking lot. It is applied to the parking lots with 2 layers, 2 layers, 3 layers and 3 layers and 4 steps to improve safety and security measures, and at the same time reduce the manufacturing cost.
[0019]
Regarding structural disaster prevention in self-propelled multistory parking lots, as mentioned above, since the self-propelled multistory parking lot was started as a building, the parked car actually fired. In some cases, the actual state of the fire spread state has not been confirmed.
Therefore, the inventors conducted a fire experiment with a full-scale experimental model 40 shown in FIG. 8 in order to confirm the safety of the structural disaster prevention of the self-propelled multi-story parking lot. (See Japanese Patent Application No. 10-364007)
[0020]
FIG. 8A is a plan view of the experimental model, FIG. 8B is a view taken in the direction of arrow (b) in FIG. 8A, and FIG. 8C is a view taken in the direction of arrow (c) in FIG.
The fire experiment is for a plurality of types of self-propelled multi-story parking lots of different types, such as a flat garage 41, a flat stepped garage 42, or a continuous inclined floor garage 43, for the experimental model 40 shown in FIG. Accurate and diverse data on the risk of spreading to the upper floor between inclined floor slabs or stepped floor slabs and the characteristics of livestock smoke and side smoke under the influence of natural wind The following points were elucidated.
▲ 1 ▼ The parking lot is about 4.000m 2 Combustion characteristics in the case of large scale and car combustion characteristics in a semi-enclosed space. (The rate of heat generation and the duration of fire spread under severe fire spread conditions)
(2) Automobile combustion characteristics in a state close to free space. (Fire spread property under the influence of natural wind without walls)
(3) Thermal load and mounting load on the frame due to combustion heat under the above conditions.
(4) Smoke control effect of leaning wall effect at the lower part of the inclined floor. (Smoke flow property of the shape of the structure)
(5) Prevents the spread of fire to the upper floor. (The fluidity of the hot air current in the shape of the structure)
[0021]
In the experiment to grasp (1) and (3), a non-combustible wall (ALC material) 44 formed a fuel-dominated semi-closed space, and six automobiles were burned therein. First, the car 45 in the center burns, spreads to the car parked with the cars on both sides and the back, and then spreads from the spread car to the cars on the back It was done.
In the experiment for grasping (2) and (4), the automobile 46 placed on the second stage without surrounding wall was burned, and the combustion property of the car 46 in free space was observed. In addition, the flow characteristics of smoke along the lower surface of the inclined third floor slab and the effect of the dripping wall are also grasped at the same time.
[0022]
FIG. 1 is a simulation diagram for explaining a diffusion state of a flame generated from a combustion vehicle recognized in the demonstration experiment.
The combustion state of the flame 1 shown in FIG. 1 is that the combustion of the automobile 2 itself is moderate, and the flame 1 rising from the combustion portion of the automobile has risen to an extent higher than expected and disappeared in a short time, and has become atomized. . The reason for this is that the fire of the parked car 2 is different from the burning of equipment and household goods in a general building, and the fact that the fire load is small is considered to be the biggest factor that shows a relatively gradual combustion property. . Furthermore, although the burning flame is ejected from the gap between the vehicle bodies to the outside of the vehicle, it is estimated that the second factor is that it gradually rises along the vehicle body due to the rising airflow and does not expand greatly in the horizontal direction and does not contact the adjacent vehicle. Is done.
[0023]
Therefore, the spread of fire to other adjacent vehicles is propagated only by radiant heat, and the spread of fire spreads over a phased time without becoming a sudden expansion state in which multiple vehicles burn at once. Therefore, the combustion of cars and the spread of flames are slow, unlike the burning of equipment and household goods in general buildings, which reveals the state of smoke without reaching the floor slab of the upper floor It can be said.
[0024]
The flame 1 generated from the combustion vehicle 2 becomes smoke. However, if the surrounding space is sufficiently open and a smoke exhaust opening is provided, a self-propelled three-dimensional parking system is provided through the smoke generation speed and the smoke exhaust opening. The outflow speed from the open space of the parking lot is almost constant. For this reason, the smoke 3 from the burned automobile 2 is rapidly exhausted through the smoke exhaust opening, and since the surrounding area is open, it does not stay and fill in the garage, and is about 1 m below the floor slab. It has been confirmed that a smoke layer is formed and smoke is exhausted outside the garage at a constant speed, and that the smoke layer is almost smokeless and does not interfere with human evacuation or movement.
[0025]
According to the results verified by the above experiment, the situation where a parked car fires and burns may show a very different course from the fire situation in a building that has been recognized as a starting point for disaster prevention. found.
In other words, the fire of an automobile is characteristic in the following points, unlike combustion by household goods or equipment arranged in a normal house.
(1) The fire load of the car is extremely small compared to other household goods and equipment installed in the residence.
(2) Since the fire load of the car is small, the flame and smoke that flow from the car that caused the fire flow out at a substantially constant rate, and the same applies to the car that has been spread.
(3) Flames and smoke from the car are rising directly along the car body, and there is little movement and expansion in the horizontal direction.
(4) Since the spread of fire from a car that has caused a fire to other cars is propagated by radiant heat, the spread of fire is developed over a gradual time rather than a sudden one in which multiple cars burn at once. .
(5) Smoke that has flown out of the vehicle is active in horizontal flow and rapidly exhausts through the smoke exhaust opening, so it does not stay in the open self-propelled multistory parking lot and is self-propelled at a steady speed. Smoke is discharged outside the multistory parking lot.
From the above, it can be said that disaster prevention measures for self-propelled multistory parking lots need to be taken from a different point of view than disaster prevention measures for ordinary buildings.
[0026]
The self-propelled multi-story parking lot according to the present invention is constructed based on the findings from the above demonstration experiment.
FIG. 2 is a plan view showing the entire self-propelled multilevel parking lot 10 according to the present invention.
The self-propelled multistory parking lot 10 is composed of a vehicle compartment 11 that secures a space in which a vehicle can be parked, and a vehicle road 12 for driving the vehicle into the vehicle compartment 11 and entering and leaving the parking position, and is arranged from a structural viewpoint. It is built with pillars and upper floor slabs or roofs.
[0027]
The configuration of the passenger compartment is divided into a plurality of parking sections 13. Each parking section 13 is divided into basic dimensions that ensure a width and depth that allow free entry and exit between adjacent vehicles, and the pillars are arranged at positions that do not interfere with the opening and closing of the door from the exit. ing. For this reason, the space | interval of the pillar from the structure surface of the self-propelled multilevel parking lot 10 is also installed according to this dimension.
From the above situation, the self-propelled multilevel parking garage 10 is different from a general building in the correspondence between the arrangement of the passenger compartments and the roadway with sufficient space between the adjacent vehicles, and as a result, sufficient plane space. As a whole, the structure is arranged so that the above knowledge can be used effectively.
[0028]
A plurality of ventilation openings are arranged in the illustrated self-propelled multi-story parking lot 10.
The ventilation opening 14 is arranged on the boundary line of the rearward parking section 13 divided into the vehicle compartment arranged in the center. Furthermore, the ventilation opening 15 is formed also on the boundary line of the horizontal direction of the specified parking area in each vehicle room arrange | positioned around.
The formation of the ventilation openings 14 and 15 is structurally similar to the smoke exhaust opening conventionally formed in the roadway, but its function is different.
[0029]
In other words, the ventilation opening is intended to positively raise the updraft. Basically, the air in the self-propelled multi-story parking lot is generated by actively raising the upward airflow through the ventilation opening. It has the effect of creating a driving force that pushes it upward and exhausts it out of the self-propelled multistory parking garage through the ventilation openings on the upper floor or roof deck. In this way, in the event of a fire, the smoke flow is specified between the ventilation openings to regulate the affected area, and at the same time, a smoke layer that maintains a certain width under the floor slab of the upper floor or roof is formed. The smoke is continuously exhausted outside the self-propelled multistory parking lot, improving visibility and improving safety during evacuation.
[0030]
In addition, ascending airflow around the vehicle is actively created by consciously arranging it on the boundary line between the vehicles. As a result, a disaster prevention air curtain is formed that raises flames and smoke generated from a burned car along the car and raises it directly above, and radiant heat is dissipated to prevent the fire from spreading to adjacent cars. For this purpose, it is desirable to arrange it on all the boundary lines of the passenger compartment, but from the viewpoint of the structure and the formation of the fire spread restriction section, in this embodiment, as shown in the figure, Ventilation openings 14 are arranged on the boundary line of the rear-facing parking compartment 13 divided into the compartments arranged in the vehicle compartment, and the ventilation is provided on the boundary line between the pillars forming the central parking compartment of the compartment provided in the vicinity. An opening 15 is arranged.
[0031]
FIG. 3 is an elevation view showing the self-propelled multilevel parking garage as viewed from (3)-(3) in FIG.
In the self-propelled multi-story parking lot 10, as shown in the figure, the upper floor or roof slab 16 is provided only with ordinary structural members such as beams. Is equipped with handrails 17 only.
Ventilation openings 14 are arranged between the vehicles that are aligned at the back, and are located at the same position on both the upper and lower floors. However, as will be described later, the horizontal flow of smoke is extremely smooth in the verification by experiments. It is also possible to shift the positions of the openings alternately without degrading the function.
[0032]
As described above, the arrangement of the ventilation openings, together with ensuring sufficient space in the passenger compartment and the roadway, and at the same time actively opening the outer periphery of the self-propelled multistory parking lot, The flame of the car rises directly above the combustion car to form a mist, weakens the radiant heat and prevents the fire from spreading to adjacent cars, and the smoke generated in the self-propelled multistory parking lot has the fluidity of the demonstration experiment. As a result, the air is smoothly flowed and diffused out of the self-propelled multilevel parking lot through the ventilation opening, and a plane space free from smoke can be formed on the entire surface of the floor slab in the self-propelled multilevel parking lot.
[0033]
4 and 5 show an embodiment in which the ventilation openings are arranged on the roadway.
4 is a plan view, and FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view taken along arrows (5)-(5) in FIG.
The ventilation openings 18 are arranged at a predetermined pitch on the roof floor 19, and the ventilation openings 21 arranged on the lower floor 20 have the same pitch as the ventilation openings 18, but their arrangement positions are shifted by one. It is in a state.
Therefore, rainwater that falls from the ventilation openings on the rooftop floor wets the roadway on the lower floor, but does not reach the floors below or on the ground floor, soaking the roadway on each floor as before. This eliminates the risk of slippage.
In the ventilation opening 21 arranged on the lower floor 20, a drainage basin 22 for collecting and draining rainwater that has fallen down is attached under the floor slab, but the side surface of the drainage basin 22 overflows with rainwater. A notch opening 23 that does not protrude is provided so as not to disturb the flow of the airflow.
[0034]
FIGS. 6 and 7 show an embodiment in which parking sections are formed at the rear in a tilted or stepped self-propelled multi-story parking lot.
In the case of the inclined type or stepped type, a step is provided in the vertical direction between the rear-facing cars. In the present invention, a ventilating opening is provided between vehicles to create an updraft. Therefore, when there is a step, a vertical opening along the step surface is provided to establish its function.
FIG. 6 is an embodiment in which ventilation openings are arranged only on the step surfaces.
FIG. 6A is a cross-sectional view, and a ventilation opening 27 is provided on a side surface 26 that structurally joins the parking sections 24 and 25 having a step difference in the vertical direction. As is clear from the front view of FIG. 6B, the ventilation opening is formed with a ventilation opening 27 having a predetermined opening area on the side surface 26, and the floor slab 24 forming one parking section is formed. The airflow coming out from the bottom becomes an upward airflow from behind the car parked in the parking section of the floor slab 25 to form a flameproof air curtain between the parking sections.
Therefore, according to the above verification, since the fire spread from the combustion vehicle is propagated by the radiant heat of the flame, the flame from the combustion vehicle parked on the floor slab 24 is positively raised and atomized, and the radiant heat is generated. By aiming at the reduction, it is possible to prevent the spread of fire to the car parked in the parking section of the floor slab 25. The same applies when the combustion vehicle is reversed.
[0035]
FIG. 7 is an embodiment in which ventilation openings are formed and arranged on the step surface and the parking section. FIG. 7A is a cross-sectional view, and a ventilation opening 28 is provided on a side surface 26 that structurally joins the parking sections 24 and 25 having a step difference in the vertical direction. As is apparent from the plan view of FIG. 7B, the ventilation opening forms a ventilation opening 28 having a predetermined opening area across the side surface 26 and the parking sections 24, 25. The airflow coming out from under the floor slab is a rising airflow from behind the car parked in the parking section of the floor slab 25, forming a flameproof air curtain between the parking sections.
In the embodiment described with reference to FIG. 6, the ventilation opening is formed in the vertical plane and the air flow is guided in the horizontal direction. However, in this embodiment, a horizontal cut is provided in the parking section in addition to the vertical plane. Since the vertical airflow is created through the upper and lower parking sections, the driving force of the updraft can be further increased.
Therefore, it is possible to raise the flame from the combustion vehicle more positively, strengthen the atomization and the reduction of radiant heat, and reliably prevent the fire spreading to the vehicle parked in the other parking section.
[0036]
As explained in detail above, the self-propelled multi-story parking lot according to the present invention actively raises an updraft through the ventilation opening by arranging a ventilation opening on the upper floor or the floor slab of the roof. The driving force that pushes up the air inside the multi-story parking lot and exhausts it out of the self-propelled multi-story parking lot from the ventilation opening of the upper floor or roof floor slab is created, and the updraft around the car is raised directly above the car .
[0037]
Therefore, in the event of a fire, the smoke generated in the self-propelled multistory parking lot flows smoothly out of the self-propelled multistory parking lot through the ventilation openings in accordance with the flow characteristics of the demonstration experiment. As a result, a flat space free from smoke can be formed on the floor slab surface in the self-propelled multistory parking lot. Furthermore, the car flame is raised directly above the car to form a mist, weakening the radiant heat and preventing the spread of fire to adjacent cars.
[0038]
In addition, smoke flow is specified between the ventilation openings to regulate the affected area, and at the same time, a smoke layer with a certain width is formed under the floor slab of the upper floor or roof to continue outside the self-propelled multilevel parking lot The smoke-free area is defined as a narrow fire-extinguishing zone and a fire shutter is not installed at the opening of the passage, etc., improving the overall visibility of the parking lot and improving safety and crime prevention. It is possible to improve countermeasures and reduce manufacturing costs.
[0039]
As described above, the present invention has been described in detail based on the embodiment. However, the self-propelled multistory parking lot according to the present invention basically has fireproof equipment on the outer periphery of the self-propelled multistory parking lot or all of them. It is characterized by an open structure and ventilation openings on the upper floor or roof slab, and by creating a positive air flow through the ventilation openings, flames and smoke generated from the burned car are generated. A self-propelled multi-story parking system that forms a disaster prevention air curtain that rises directly above the road to dissipate radiant heat and prevent the spread of fire to adjacent cars, while simultaneously forming a smoke layer on the upper floor or roof slab The present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiment, and various modifications can be made without departing from the spirit of the invention, because a propulsive force for continuously exhausting smoke outside the field is created. Of course.
[0040]
【The invention's effect】
According to the first or second aspect of the present invention, the disaster prevention air that raises the flame and smoke generated from the burned vehicle to the position directly above the vehicle by positively raising the rising airflow through the ventilation opening. Propulsion that forms a curtain to dissipate radiant heat to prevent the spread of fire to adjacent cars, and at the same time, forms smoke layers on the upper floor or roof slab to continuously exhaust smoke outside the self-propelled multistory parking lot It has the effect of creating. In addition, it has the effect of embodying the formation of a disaster prevention air curtain and the creation of a propulsion force that exhausts smoke by forming a smoke layer.
In particular, the updraft around the car is actively created by consciously arranging the ventilation openings on the boundary line of the parking section. As a result, a disaster prevention air curtain is formed that raises flames and smoke generated from a burned car along the car and raises it directly above, and radiant heat is dissipated to prevent the fire from spreading to adjacent cars.
[0042]
Claim 3 According to the present invention described in the above, it is possible to prevent rain water from falling into the self-propelled multilevel parking garage and prevent accidents such as slips and vehicle dirt.
[0043]
Claim 4, 5 or 6 According to the present invention described in the above, each of the above-mentioned inventions is applied to each parking lot of 1 layer, 2 steps, 2 layers, 3 steps, and 3 layers and 4 steps, and is required in response to conventional general construction. , Identify fire prevention area, expand the field of view by eliminating the installation of fire pits to prevent fires and fire spread using fireproof structures or non-combustible materials, and improve the safety and security measures of self-propelled multistory parking lots At the same time, the manufacturing cost can be reduced.
[Brief description of the drawings]
[Fig. 1] Properties of combustion smoke in demonstration experiment
[Fig. 2] Plan view of a self-propelled multilevel parking garage with ventilation openings in the passenger compartment
FIG. 3 is a partial elevation view of a self-propelled multilevel parking garage with ventilation openings in the passenger compartment.
FIG. 4 is a plan view of a self-propelled multilevel parking garage in which ventilation openings are arranged on the roadway.
FIG. 5 is a partial elevation view of a self-propelled multilevel parking garage with ventilation openings on the roadway.
FIG. 6 is a diagram showing another embodiment in a self-propelled multilevel parking lot having a step.
FIG. 7 is a diagram showing another embodiment in a self-propelled multilevel parking lot having a step.
[Fig. 8] Model diagram of the self-propelled multilevel parking lot used in the demonstration experiment
FIG. 9 is a plan view of a conventional self-propelled multilevel parking lot.
FIG. 10 is a partial elevation view of a conventional self-propelled multilevel parking garage.
[Explanation of symbols]
1 Combustion flame, 2 Combustion car, 3 Smoke, 4 Smoke exhaust opening,
10 Self-propelled multilevel parking lot,
11 car compartments, 12 roadways, 13 parking areas, 14, 15 ventilation openings,
16 Floor slab, 17 Handrail, 18, 21 Ventilation opening, 19 Roof floor,
20 Lower floor, 22 Drainage basin, 23 Notch opening,
24, 25 Parking area, 26 Side, 27 Ventilation opening, 28 Ventilation opening,
30 conventional self-propelled multilevel parking, 31 fire pits on the 2nd floor and above,
32 Fire pit on the first floor, 40 experimental model, 41 flat garage,
42 Planar step garage, 43 Continuously tilted garage, 44 Thermal insulation (ALC),
45, 46 Combustion car,

Claims (6)

車室と車路から構成される自走式立体駐車場であって、自走式立体駐車場の外周に耐火装備を施した構造にし又は当該外周を全て開放構造にし、上階もしくは屋根の床版に通風開口を配置し、かつ、上記通風開口を、同一平面上の駐車区画の隣接車両との境界線上に配置したことを特徴とする自走式立体駐車場。It is a self-propelled multilevel parking lot composed of a passenger compartment and a roadway, and has a structure with fireproof equipment on the outer periphery of the self-propelled multilevel parking lot or an open structure around the perimeter. A self-propelled multilevel parking garage characterized in that a ventilation opening is arranged on the plate and the ventilation opening is arranged on a boundary line with an adjacent vehicle in a parking section on the same plane . 通風開口を、後ろあわせの駐車区画において、後ろの車との境界線上に配置したことを特徴とする請求項1に記載の自走式立体駐車場。The self-propelled multi-story parking lot according to claim 1, wherein the ventilation opening is arranged on a boundary line with a rear vehicle in a rear parking lot. 上記通風開口を、上下階もしくは屋根の床版に配置した通風開口と連通開口にならない位置に配置することを特徴とする請求項1又は2に記載の自走式立体駐車場。The self-propelled multilevel parking garage according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the ventilation opening is arranged at a position that does not become a communication opening and a ventilation opening arranged on an upper floor or a lower floor or a floor slab of a roof. 駐車場を1層2段に構成することを特徴とする請求項1〜3のいずれか一項に記載の自走式立体駐車場。The self-propelled multilevel parking garage according to any one of claims 1 to 3 , wherein the parking garage is constituted by one layer and two tiers. 駐車場を2層3段に構成することを特徴とする請求項1〜3のいずれか一項に記載の自走式立体駐車場。The self-propelled three-dimensional parking lot according to any one of claims 1 to 3 , wherein the parking lot is configured in two layers and three tiers. 駐車場を3層4段に構成することを特徴とする請求項1〜3のいずれか一項に記載の自走式立体駐車場。The self-propelled multilevel parking garage according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the parking garage is composed of three layers and four tiers.
JP12039399A 1999-04-27 1999-04-27 Self-propelled multilevel parking lot Expired - Fee Related JP3658241B2 (en)

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