JP3445184B2 - Self-propelled multi-story parking lot - Google Patents

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a self-propelled multi-storey car park, and more particularly, when a parked car causes a fire.
The present invention relates to a low-cost self-propelled multi-storey parking lot that can prevent the spread of fire between vehicles and can evacuate safely.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art A multi-storey parking lot has been conventionally treated as a building and is positioned in the same row as a general building for disaster prevention. Therefore, the disaster prevention of the parking lot is basically the same as the general building, and the area of the fireproof section is 1000.
It is determined to be m ² . The outer walls, roofs, and floors of buildings are protected from fire and spread of fire by using fire-resistant structures or non-combustible materials, and the columns and beams in the fire-proof compartments are obliged to be covered with fire-resistant coatings. Further, it is required to equip the ventilation opening of the fireproof compartment and a portion of the ventilation opening that may spread the fire with a fireproof shutter.

[0003] In addition, regarding the portion where the building portion is located at a distance of 3 m above the ground floor and 5 m or less above the second floor from the center line of the road / border line of the adjacent land or the center line between the outer walls of adjacent buildings However, since this is handled as a part where there is a risk of fire spread, basically the same measures are required for parking lots.

Also in the smoke-proof compartment, a smoke-proof wall is required in order to temporarily stop the flow of smoke and make it easier to evacuate, depending on the safety of evacuation and the risk of fire. The layout of the smokeproof walls is also different according to the non-combustibility of ceiling materials and semi-combustibility.

However, with regard to self-propelled multi-storey parking lots, we have been trying to increase the effective area by increasing the number of floors, steps, or continuous sloping floors, improving parking efficiency, and preventing the spread of fire, the prevention of smoking, and the reduction of noise. It has also been recognized that the above restrictions have been relaxed after various improvements and improvements in safety, such as creating a sense of security during use, and safety confirmation through full-scale experiments. 6 and 7 are a plan view and a partial elevation view showing the current self-propelled multi-storey parking lot. The self-propelled multi-storey parking lot 30 is made of non-combustible material such as iron material to prevent the spread of fire and is made of non-combustible material such as iron material.
Expanded metal used for floor slabs and ramp slabs,
By using specially approved iron plates such as grating metal, punching metal, etc., the floor area of the fireproof section is 4.000 m ² in a one-tier two-tier self-propelled parking lot, two-tier three-tier parking lot. Has been approved to be 8.000 m ² .

[0006] In addition, with respect to the prevention of fire spread to neighboring land,
Secure a distance of 0.5 m or more from the borderline of the adjacent land to the outer line of the self-propelled multi-storey parking lot. If the outer circumference of the self-propelled multi-storey parking lot on the first floor is less than 1.0 m from the adjacent land boundary line,
A fire barrier 31 having a height of 2.0 m or more is provided inside the boundary line between adjacent grounds, and a portion of 0.5 m or more is covered with a noncombustible material or a semi-incombustible material. On the 2nd floor and rooftop, if the perimeter of the self-propelled multi-storey parking lot is less than 1.0 m from the adjacent boundary line, etc., install a fire barrier 32 with a height of 1.5 m or more and 0.5 m or more of it. The part shall be covered with non-combustible material or semi-combustible material.
To prevent the spread of fire to the upper part, the floor slab height on the upper floor is set to 2.5 m and the floor slab on the upper part of the passenger compartment is closed. Fire-fighting equipment should be installed in the self-propelled multi-storey parking lot. Is obligatory.

Further, regarding smoke control, the effectiveness of the side opening is ensured by securing an open space of 0.5 m or more from the border line of the adjacent land on the outer periphery of the self-propelled multi-storey parking lot. In order to secure the evacuation safety of the floor while controlling the smoke concentration on the upper floor,
The opening ratio of the openings on the floor slab and roof slab on the upper floor is 2% ~
Limit to 20%. However, for the side opening, half of the opening length is added as an effective opening. If it is not possible to secure an open space more than 0.5m from the boundary of the adjacent land on the outer periphery of the self-propelled multi-storey parking lot, a fire spread fire wall of quasi-incombustible material will be built. Has responded as.

[0008]

However, since the conventional self-propelled multi-storey parking lot is basically subject to regulation as a building, it is proposed to improve safety etc. on the premise of the regulation. There is no history of earnestly examining the pursuit of essential functions and the establishment of performance of the structure in each part.

However, in order to further increase the number of floors of the self-propelled parking lot from three levels of two levels to four levels of three levels or more and to increase the floor inclination, the load on the frame structure increases with the increase of the number of levels. It is necessary to clarify concerns about safety, etc., regarding smoke flow along the lower surface and smoke control / diffusion prevention caused by a sloping wall caused by a change in the form of fire spread and a floor slab tilting due to a large scale. is important.

The parking lot is arranged in an orderly manner while keeping a sufficient gap in the same thing as an automobile, as compared to general buildings centering on equipment and household goods installed inside the building. , It is necessary to assume an independent structure apart from the corresponding in the simple frame of the building.
In particular, in response to recent social trends, in order to guarantee the essential quality and performance required for parking lots, such as the thorough responsibility of manufacturers and the tendency of quality assurance, the plane of the parking lot must be large-scale. Of fire, the fire spread of an automobile in a state close to free space, the heat load on the frame due to the heat of spread and the change in the load, and the smoke control effect due to the sagging wall effect under the sloping floor and the upper floor. It is necessary to pursue and study the fire spread prevention performance from the structural essential aspect.

The present invention has been made in view of these circumstances, and it has been necessary to identify the area of a fireproof section, fireproof structure, or fireproof by using a noncombustible material, which has been required in response to conventional general construction. The purpose of this study is to provide a self-propelled multi-storey parking lot that aims to reduce manufacturing costs while improving safety and crime prevention measures by essentially reconsidering the installation of fire barriers that prevent fire spread.

[0012]

A self-propelled multi-storey car park according to the present invention is composed of a vehicle compartment and a roadway in which fire-resistant equipment is provided on the outer periphery of the self-propelled multi-storey car park or the whole structure is open. It is a self-propelled multi-storey parking lot, characterized in that a fireproof waist wall is arranged on an arbitrary boundary line of a parking section formed in a vehicle compartment. A fire-resistant waist wall with ventilation holes for circulating air is placed below the height of the car body between the rear fittings,
By applying this to 1-level 2-tier, 2-tier 3-tier and 3-tier 4-tier parking lots, we aim to improve safety and crime prevention measures while simultaneously reducing manufacturing costs.

[0013]

BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION A self-propelled multi-storey car park according to the present invention is a self-propelled multi-storey car park, which is equipped with fireproof equipment on the outer periphery of the self-propelled multi-storey car park or has an open structure. It is a traveling multi-storey car park, and is characterized by arranging a fireproof waist wall on an arbitrary boundary line of a parking section formed in the vehicle compartment. It is applied to each parking lot to improve safety and crime prevention measures while simultaneously reducing manufacturing costs.

Regarding the structural disaster prevention aspect of the self-propelled multi-storey parking lot, since the starting point is to identify the self-propelled multi-storey parking lot as a building as described above, the parked car actually fires. However, the actual state of what kind of fire spread state will occur in the event of a fire is not confirmed. Therefore, the inventors, regarding the self-propelled multi-storey parking lot,
In order to confirm the safety in terms of structural disaster prevention, a fire experiment was conducted using a full-scale experimental model 40 shown in FIG. (See Japanese Patent Application No. 10-364007)

FIG. 5 (a) is a plan view of the experimental model, FIG. 5 (b) is a view of FIG. 5 (a) taken along the arrow (b), and FIG. 5 (c) is FIG.
It is a (c) arrow line view of (a). The fire experiment was carried out on a plurality of types of self-propelled multi-storey parking lots of different types, such as a flat garage 41, a flat step garage 42, or a continuous sloping garage 43, targeting the experimental model 40 shown in FIG. , Understanding the risk of fire spread to the upper floors between slabs or slabs, and collecting accurate and wide-ranging data on the characteristics of livestock smoke and side smoke emitted under the influence of natural wind. Is that
The following points were clarified. Combustion properties of a large parking lot with a flat surface of approximately 4.000 m ² and combustion properties of a car in a semi-closed space. (The heat generation rate and the duration of fire spread under severe fire conditions) The combustion characteristics of an automobile in a state close to free space. (Fire spread property under the influence of natural wind without walls) The heat load and load on the frame due to combustion heat under the above conditions. Smoke control effect of the sloping wall effect under the sloping floor. (Smoke flow property of the structure shape) Fire spread prevention performance to the upper floors. (Fluidity of the hot air flow that the shape of the structure has)

In an experiment for understanding the above, a non-combustible wall (ALC material) 44 was used to form a fuel-controlled semi-closed space in which six automobiles were burned. First, one car 45 in the center burns and spreads to the cars parked with the cars on both sides back to back, and then spreads from the spread car to the cars on both sides behind. Was done. In an experiment for understanding the above, the automobile 46 placed in the second stage, which has no wall surface around it, was burned, and the combustion characteristics of the automobile 46 in the free space were observed. At the same time, we also grasped the flow characteristics of smoke along the lower surface of the sloping 3rd floor slab and the effect of the hanging wall.

FIG. 1 is a simulation diagram for explaining a diffusion state of a flame generated from a combustion vehicle, which is recognized in the above-mentioned demonstration test. In the combustion situation of the flame 1 shown in FIG. 1, the combustion itself of the automobile 2 is gradual, and the flame 1 rising from the combustion portion of the automobile rises to a level higher than expected, disappears in a short time, and is atomized. . The reason for this is that, unlike the combustion of equipment and household goods in a general building, the fire of the parked automobile 2 is considered to be the largest factor showing a relatively mild combustion property because the fire load is small. . Further, it is presumed that the second factor is that the burning flame is ejected to the outside of the vehicle through the gap of the vehicle body, but gradually rises along the vehicle body due to the ascending airflow, does not greatly expand in the horizontal direction, and does not contact the adjacent vehicle. To be done.

Therefore, the spread of fire to another adjacent automobile is
It is propagated only by radiant heat, and the spread of fire spreads over a gradual period of time without the rapid expansion that multiple cars burn at once. It can be said that, unlike the combustion of equipment and household items in a general building, it is mild and shows a state of becoming smoke without reaching the floor slab on the upper floor.

The flame 1 generated from the combustion car 2 becomes smoke,
When the space is sufficiently open, the smoke generation rate and the outflow rate from the open space of the self-propelled multi-storey parking lot are almost constant. Because of this, smoke 3 from the burned car 2
Since the garage is open, it does not stay and fill inside the garage, forms a smoke layer of about 1 m under the floor slab, and is exhausted outside the garage at a constant speed, and there is almost no smoke under the smoke layer. It has also been confirmed that there is no obstacle to the evacuation and movement of people nearby.

According to the result of verification by the above experiment, the situation in which a parked car causes a fire and burns
It has been found that the situation is quite different from the situation of a fire in a building, which has been recognized as a starting point for disaster prevention. That is, the fire of a car is distinctive in the following points, unlike the combustion of household goods and equipment arranged in a normal house. The fire load of a car is extremely small compared to other household goods and equipment installed in the dwelling. Due to the low fire load on the car, the flame and smoke emanating from the car that ignited the fire would occur at a fairly constant rate, and the same would be true for a car that had a fire spread. The flame and smoke from the car are rising right above the car body,
Little movement and expansion in the horizontal direction. The spread of fire from a car that has caused a fire to other cars is propagated by radiant heat, so the spread of fire spreads over a gradual period of time rather than a sudden one in which multiple cars burn simultaneously. The smoke flowing out of the car is actively flowing horizontally and is rapidly exhausted through the smoke exhaust opening, so it does not stay in the open self-propelled multi-storey parking garage at a steady speed. Smoke is exhausted outside. From the above, it can be said that it is clear that disaster prevention measures for self-propelled multi-storey parking lots must be taken from a different perspective from the disaster prevention measures for ordinary buildings.

The self-propelled multi-storey parking lot according to the present invention is constructed on the basis of the knowledge obtained by the above-mentioned demonstration experiment. Figure 2
FIG. 1 is a plan view showing an entire self-propelled multi-storey parking lot 10 according to the present invention. The self-propelled multi-storey parking lot 10 is composed of a vehicle compartment 11 that secures a space in which a vehicle can be parked and a road 12 through which the vehicle travels in and out of the vehicle compartment 11, and is arranged from a structural point of view. It is constructed of pillars and upper floors or roof.

The structure of the vehicle compartment is divided into a plurality of parking sections 13. Each parking section 13 is divided into basic dimensions that secure a width and a depth that allow free entry and exit between adjacently parked vehicles, and the pillars are arranged in a back position that does not hinder opening and closing of the door from the exit. ing. For this reason, the pillar spacing from the structural surface of the self-propelled multi-storey parking lot 10 is also set according to this dimension. From the above situation, the self-propelled multi-storey parking lot 10 has a sufficient flat space as a result, which is different from a general building in the arrangement of the vehicle interiors with sufficient space between the adjacent vehicles and the corresponding roadway. Has been secured, and a structure that is arranged so as to effectively utilize the above knowledge is adopted as a whole.

The illustrated self-propelled multi-storey car park 10 comprises four fireproof compartments. Fireproof section (16)-(19)
Is the fire-resistant waist wall 14 arranged on the boundary line of the rearward-aligned parking compartments 13 divided into the vehicle compartments arranged in the center, and the lateral direction of the specified parking compartments in the vehicle compartments arranged in the center and the periphery. It is formed in an area which is divided by the fire-resistant waist wall 15 arranged on the boundary line. The fire-resistant waist walls 14 and 15 are made of quasi-incombustible material or non-combustible material, and have a structurally appropriate width and a height lower than the vehicle height, and a ventilation port is provided in the lower portion thereof for circulating air. There is. As the fire-resistant waist wall is revealed in the above experiment, the flame ejected from inside the vehicle has the property of rising upward along the vehicle body due to the upward air flow, so the fire is parked next to the fire-resistant waist wall. When the fire spreads to the car, it is used to integrate the air in the bottom of the car and the neighboring air flowing through the vent to positively raise the air flow,
It is not arranged to block the flame unlike ordinary fire walls. Therefore, since the fire-resistant waist wall is provided to actively promote the rising tendency of the flame, the height of the wall can raise the flame directly above, and the steering operation on the parking and the vehicle It is sufficient as long as it does not interfere with getting on and off.

Further, the arrangement of the fireproof waist wall is not limited to the above-mentioned position, but it can be arranged at the rear part of the vehicle if necessary. Then, the self-propelled multi-storey parking lot according to the present invention is basically assumed to be open type in its entire surroundings. Will be considered in connection with.

FIG. 3 is an elevational view showing the self-propelled multi-storey car park viewed from the direction of arrows (3)-(3) in FIG. The self-propelled multi-storey parking lot 10 has a floor slab 20 on the upper floor or roof as shown in the figure.
Only deploys ordinary structural members such as beams,
Only the handrail 21 is installed on the outer periphery of the self-propelled multi-storey parking lot 10. The fire-resistant waist wall 14 is arranged between the rear-mounted cars, and the fire-resistant waist wall 15 is arranged on the boundary line of the side surface of the car, and is used to distribute air to the lower portion of the car at a height equal to or lower than the height of the car. A vent 22 is provided. Therefore, since the outer space of the self-propelled multi-storey parking lot is positively opened at the same time as sufficiently securing the plane space of the passenger compartment and the road, the flame from the car rises just above the combustion car. It is possible to prevent the spread of fire to an adjacent car by making it fumes and weakening the radiant heat. And, if necessary, the fireproof section can be formed by any section. In addition, the smoke generated in the self-propelled multi-storey parking lot will be smoothly flowed out of the self-propelled multi-storey parking lot according to the fluidity characteristics of the demonstration test, and the floor slab in the self-propelled multi-storey parking lot will be released. The surface can form an entirely smoke-free planar space.

FIG. 4 shows an embodiment of the refractory waist wall. FIG. 4A is a case where the fireproof waist wall 15 is arranged on the lateral boundary line of the parking section, and FIG. 4B is an example in which the fireproof waist wall 14 is arranged on the boundary line of the rear portion of the parking section. Is. FIG. 4C shows an embodiment in which the fire-resistant waist wall 14 is arranged on the boundary line between the cars in the rear-aligned parking section. In any case, the height of the refractory waist wall is set to be equal to or lower than the height of the car, and a ventilation port 22 for allowing air to flow therethrough is provided below the car, but below or around the car 2 adjacent to the refractory waist wall. The air in the air rises by being heated and directed between the vent hole 22 of the fireproof waist wall and the vehicle body as shown by the arrow, so that the flame from the vehicle adjacent to the fireproof waist wall rapidly rises immediately above. It will rise and reduce the transfer of radiant heat to nearby cars. Further, the conventional fire wall had to limit the visibility in the self-propelled multi-storey parking lot because it constructed a closed fire compartment. Since the height is less than the height of the vehicle, it does not hinder the visibility of the vehicle interior and the entire self-propelled multi-storey parking lot, which is good for traffic safety and security measures.

As described above, the self-propelled multi-storey parking lot according to the present invention is constructed on the basis of the knowledge obtained by the proof experiment, and like the conventional building, the fire spread section is defined in a narrow range like a general building. It eliminates the need to install a fireproof shutter in the vents of passages. That is, according to the above verification, since the fire spread from the combustion car is propagated by the radiant heat of the flame, the flame spread from the combustion car is positively raised and atomized to reduce the radiant heat. It is clear that the

Therefore, in the self-propelled multi-storey parking lot according to the present invention, a fireproof waist wall is arranged on the boundary line for partitioning the parking compartment of the vehicle compartment which is arranged at the position where the fireproof compartment is to be formed, and the lower portion thereof When a conventional fire wall is provided by providing a ventilation hole for circulating air, which raises the flame ejected from the fire car directly above to prevent the spread of fire to the adjacent car It has virtually the same function as. Therefore, in the self-propelled multi-storey parking lot according to the present invention, it is possible to improve the visibility of the entire parking lot by defining the fire spread fireproof compartment in a narrow range and without installing the fireproof shutter in the ventilation hole of the passage or the like. And improve security measures,
Manufacturing costs are being reduced.

The present invention has been described above in detail based on the embodiments. The self-propelled multi-storey parking lot according to the present invention is as follows.
It is a self-propelled multi-storey parking lot that is equipped with fireproof equipment on the outer circumference of the self-propelled multi-storey car park or has an open structure, and that consists of a car room and a road, It is characterized by arranging a fire-resistant waist wall on an arbitrary boundary line, and specifically, for circulating air below the vehicle body height below the car body height in the lateral direction of the parking compartment, between the rear part and the rear part. A fire-resistant waist wall with ventilation holes is placed, and 1 layer 2
The present invention is applied to each of the two-tier, three-tier, and three-tier, four-tier parking lots to improve safety and crime prevention measures, and at the same time reduce manufacturing cost. There is no limitation to the form, and it goes without saying that various modifications can be made without departing from the spirit of the invention.

[0030]

The self-propelled multi-storey parking lot according to the present invention is a self-propelled self-propelled car park which is equipped with fireproof equipment on the outer periphery of the self-propelled multi-storey car park or has an open structure. It is a multi-storey parking lot, and is characterized by arranging a fireproof waist wall on an arbitrary boundary line of the parking section formed in the vehicle compartment. At the height of the vehicle body, a fireproof waist wall provided with ventilation holes for circulating air is arranged at the bottom of the car, and this is applied to each parking lot of 1st floor, 2nd floor, 2nd floor, 3rd floor, and 3rd floor, 4th floor. Therefore, it is possible to expand the field of view by eliminating the installation of fire fences to prevent fire spread and prevent fires from being specified by the area of fire protection divisions, fire resistant structures or non-combustible materials, which were required in response to conventional general construction. Then
It has the effect of improving the safety and crime prevention measures of a self-propelled multi-storey car park while at the same time reducing manufacturing costs.

[Brief description of drawings]

[Figure 1] Property diagram of combustion smoke in the demonstration experiment

FIG. 2 is a plan view of a self-propelled multi-storey car park according to the present invention.

FIG. 3 is an elevation view of a self-propelled multi-storey car park according to the present invention.

FIG. 4 is a diagram showing an embodiment of a fireproof waist wall used in the present invention.

[Figure 5] Model diagram of the self-propelled multi-storey parking lot used in the demonstration experiment

FIG. 6 is a plan view of a conventional self-propelled multi-storey car park.

[Fig. 7] Partial elevation view of a conventional self-propelled multi-storey car park

[Explanation of symbols]

1 burning flame, 2 burning car, 3 smoke, 10 self-propelled multi-storey parking lot, 11 vehicle compartment, 12 roads, 13 parking compartment, 14, 15 fireproof waist wall, 16-19 fire compartment, 20 floor slab, 21 handrail , 22 vents,
30 Conventional self-propelled multi-storey parking lot, 31 Fire fence on the second floor and above, 32 Fire fence on the first floor, 40 Experimental model, 4
1 Planar type garage, 42 Planar step type garage, 43 Continuous sloping type garage, 44 Insulation material (ALC), 45, 46
Burning car,

Front page continuation (72) Inventor Nobuyuki Aoki 4-10-18 Minami, Nakamura-ku, Nagoya, Aichi Matsuko Building General Parking Construction Co., Ltd. (58) Fields surveyed (Int.Cl. ⁷ , DB name) E04H 6/00-6/42

Claims (10)

(57) [Claims] 1. A self-propelled multi-storey parking lot composed of a vehicle compartment and a road, wherein the outer periphery of the self-propelled multi-storey parking lot is provided with fireproof equipment, and a parking section formed in the vehicle compartment is provided. A self-propelled multi-storey car park with a fireproof waist wall placed on an arbitrary boundary. 2. A self-propelled multi-story parking lot composed of a vehicle compartment and a road, wherein the outer periphery of the self-propelled multi-story parking lot has an open structure, and an arbitrary boundary of a parking section formed in the vehicle compartment. A self-propelled multi-storey car park with a fire-resistant waist wall placed on the line. 3. The self-propelled multi-storey car park according to claim 1, wherein the fire-resistant waist wall is arranged on a lateral boundary line of the parking section. 4. The self-propelled multi-storey car park according to claim 1, wherein the fire-resistant waist wall is arranged on the boundary line at the rear of the parking section. 5. The self-propelled multi-storey parking lot according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the fire-resistant waist wall is arranged on a boundary line between rearward-aligned parking sections. 6. The self-propelled multi-storey car park according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein a ventilation port is provided in the lower part of the fireproof waist wall to allow air to flow. 7. The self-propelled multi-storey car park according to claim 1, wherein the height of the fireproof waist wall is equal to or lower than the height of the vehicle body. 8. The self-propelled multi-storey parking lot according to claim 1, wherein the parking lot is constructed in one layer and two steps. 9. The self-propelled multi-storey car park according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the car park is configured in two layers and three stages. 10. The self-propelled multi-storey car park according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the car park is composed of three layers and four stages.