JP3762259B2 - Ground injection method - Google Patents

Description

【００３８】
表１からバルブＶ１の圧力Ｐを変動しても、２０kgf/cm² まではほとんど流量ｆが変化しないことがわかる。また、圧力がＰ₀ ：３０kgf/cm² に近づくにつれて流量ｆは減少し、ついには０になることもわかる。また、Ｖ１のバルブの流量が変化しても、あるいはＶ１のバルブの流量がゼロになっても、それ以外のバルブからの流量は変化しないことがわかる。これは流量圧力制御装置によって自動的に制御されるためである。
【００３９】
また、注入中、いくつかの送液系統における注入ポイントの抵抗圧が高くなり、他の吐出口よりも流量が少なくなっても、その把握は流量圧力検出器によって集中管理装置で一括してなされる。このため、所定の注入量の注入の終了時点がそれぞれの送液系統で異なっても、注入時間を各送液系統毎に管理することにより、所望の注入量をそれぞれの送液系統毎に完了するまで管理することができる。
【００４０】
図９は図１における分岐バルブ11（絞り調整装置）の一具体例の断面図を示す。絞り調整装置11は集中管理装置Ｘ１からの指示を受け、リバーシブルモータ13の稼動によりシヤフト12を矢印方向に運動させ、送液系統Ｓ中に送液される注入液をシヤフト12で絞り、オリフイスの口径を調整する機能を有する。すなわち、送液系統Ｓ中に送液中の注入液が所定の圧力範囲および／または瞬時流量範囲を保持するように、絞りを調整して送液系統Ｓの液圧を所望の圧力範囲および／または瞬時流量範囲に保持する。なお、オリフイスのように口径が一定のものは一定の流量を保持して流量の変動はできないが、上述のように分岐バルブ11を用いれば、送液系統Ｓの流量を自動的に調整できる。
【００４１】
なお、図７に示されるように、口径の異なるオリフイスＯを並列し、ストップバルブ（四方コック）９ａで異なる口径のオリフイスに切り換えるようにすれば、あるいは複数のオリフイスを同時に使用すれば、注入中に注入状況に応じて流量を変化させることができる。この場合、四方コック９ａは手動でも、図示しないが、集中管理装置Ｘ１からの電気信号によって切り換えることができる。
【００４２】
すなわち、図１における注入液槽２中の注入液は導管８を介し、注入液加圧部Ｙから送液系統Ｓを経て注入管路５から地盤４中に注入されるが、分岐バルブ11として絞り調整バルブを用いる場合、注入中にそれぞれの送液系統Ｓの注入状況に応じて、図９に示すように、絞り調整装置11に絞りの指示を与えながら注入を行なって送液系統Ｓ中の液圧を所望の圧力および／または流量に保持する。なお、分岐バルブ11は分配装置６から注入液を送液系統Ｓに分岐する役目を果たすので、分岐なる用語を用いて表現する。
【００４３】
注入液は注入液加圧部Ｙを経て送液系統Ｓに加圧送液され、次いで、図９に示されるように、送液系統Ｓに設置された絞り調整装置11（分岐バルブ11）の上下に移動自在なシヤフト12により流路が絞られる。シヤフト12で絞られた流路の断面をＡとすると、流路Ａを流れる注入液の瞬時流量ｑは圧力Ｐ₀ とＰ₁ の差がある程度以内になるとシヤフト12よりも上流側の圧力Ｐ₀ （注入液加圧部Ｙによる導管８の圧力）と注入管路５内圧力Ｐ₁ （地盤注入圧）の差圧△Ｐ＝Ｐ₀ −Ｐ₁ によって定まる。差圧△Ｐが大きいほど、また、流路Ａが大きいほど、瞬時流量ｑは大きくなる。また、△Ｐがゼロに近づくにつれてｑはゼロに近づく。
【００４４】
したがって、地盤注入圧Ｐ₁ が注入経過とともに変動して注入圧力が上昇し、△Ｐが小さくなっても流路Ａを大きくすることによって瞬時流量ｑを所定範囲に保つことができ、あるいは流路Ａを小さくすることによって瞬時流量を小さくし、Ｐ₁ の上昇を抑えて地盤の変状を少なくすることができる。
【００４５】
そして、これらの調整を各送液系統Ｓ毎に行なう。すなわち、注入液加圧部Ｙの圧力と、絞り調整装置11のシヤフト12の調整による流路Ａの開度を変動することにより、個々の送液系統Ｓ毎に、注入状況に応じて注入圧力、瞬時注入量の調整が可能であり、圧力が上がっても瞬時注入量を小さくし、低圧にして所定量に達するまで注入しつづけたり、あるいは地盤変位を最小限にして所定注入量を注入することが可能となる。
【００４６】
図９を用いて具体的に説明すると、あらかじめ集中管理装置Ｘ１に所望の圧力値および／または流量値を設定しておき、この状態で、圧力計Ｐおよび／または流量計ｆから実際の圧力値および／または流量値を集中管理装置Ｘ１に送る。絞り調整装置（分岐バルブ）11にはリバーシブルモータ13が内在し、集中管理装置Ｘ１の指示により実際の圧力値および／または流量値が設定値に近付き、かつ同じ値を保つように、リバーシブルモータ13を正転あるいは逆転し、シヤフト12を上下して開度を調整し、注入管路５への流量を調整する。
【００４７】
これにより、各送液系統Ｓから注入管路５に送液される注入液の吐出量および／または吐出圧力は所望の範囲に保持されるのみならず、複数の送液系統Ｓ、Ｓ・・・Ｓのいずれかが注入を停止しても、残りの各送液系統Ｓの吐出量および／または吐出圧力もまた、所望の範囲に保持される。
【００４８】
図１０は注入液としてＡ液およびＢ液を並列した注入管路５、５を通し、地盤４中で合流させる例の簡略化ブロック図、および図１１はその詳細なフローシートである。この場合、複数の送液系統Ｓの流量圧力検出器ｆ、Ｐは中央管理部Ｘの集中管理装置Ｘ１に接続されるとともに、この集中管理装置Ｘ１からそれぞれの分岐バルブ（絞り調整装置）11に指示を与える。また、図１０および図１１において、複数の送液系統Ｓ、Ｓ・・・Ｓは分配装置６に連結される。なお、分岐バルブ11として、オリフイスである分岐バルブを用いてもよい。また、図示しないが注入孔間隔をあけて、あるいは吐出口を軸方向にずらした複数の管路を有する多重注入管からＡ液の同時注入、Ｂ液の同時注入を行なうこともできる。
【００４９】
なお、図１の流量検出器ｆ₀ 、ｆとしては、回転流量計、電磁流量計等、任意の流量計を使用でき、パルスで出力された電気信号が集中管理装置Ｘ１に入力され、カウントされる。流量検出器ｆ₀ および／または圧力検出器Ｐ₀ や、流量検出器ｆおよび／または圧力検出器Ｐからの情報に基づく集中管理装置Ｘ１からの注入液加圧部Ｙへの指示によりインバータ３が制御され、グラウトポンプ１の回転数を調整して毎分流量ｆ₀ や注入圧力Ｐ₀ を制御し、これにより送液系統Ｓの流量を制御する。同じく、送液系統Ｓの流量圧力検出器ｆ、Ｐからの情報に基づき、集中管理装置Ｘ１の指示により、分岐バルブ11の絞り開度を調節して送液系統Ｓの流量を制御する。
【００５０】
このようにして、加圧注入液の所定の設定流量ないしは設定圧力をもって、あるいは限界範囲内の流量ないしは圧力をもって、注入液を一つの導管８から複数の送液系統Ｓ、Ｓ・・・Ｓを経て複数の注入管路５、５・・・５に、同時に、選択的にあるいはさらに、自動的に送液注入する。この結果、広範囲の地盤を急速、かつ、確実に改良する。
【００５１】
さらに、ストップバルブ９または９ａ（または三方コック）の操作は手で行うこともできるが、それぞれ信号回路により集中管理装置Ｘ１で操作することもできる。そして、上述の流量検出器ｆ₀ および／または圧力検出器Ｐ₀ からの情報に基づき、あるいは、流量圧力検出器ｆ、Ｐ、すなわち、流量検出器ｆおよび／または圧力検出器Ｐからの情報に基づき、ストップバルブ９のオンオフ、図１に示される注入液加圧部Ｙの注入液槽２に通じるリターン管路Ｒへの切り換え制御、さらには、水洗管路への切り換え制御が三方コック９ａによって行われる。また、送液系統Ｓ、Ｓ・・・Ｓの他の注入管路５、５・・・５への連結換えも行われる。
【００５２】
本発明は図１において、各送液系統Ｓ、Ｓ・・・Ｓにそれぞれ流量圧力検出器ｆ、Ｐおよび分岐バルブ11、11・・・11を設け、これらを集中管理装置Ｘ１に接続し、かつ、データを注入監視盤Ｘ２に画面表示したことに特徴を有する。注入監視盤Ｘ２には、注入年月日、注入時間等の「時データ」、注入ブロックNo. 、注入孔の孔番、注入ポイント等の「場所データ」、注入圧力、流量（単位時間流量や積算流量）等の「注入データ」が表示される。その他、後述のように、注入液識別データや地盤（あるいは構造物）変位データを表示することもできる。
【００５３】
そして図１において、地盤注入液を注入加圧部Ｙから導管８、リターンシステムＲＳおよび分配装置６を介し、複数の注入液送液系統Ｓ、Ｓ・・・Ｓを通して地盤４中の複数の異なる注入ポイント５ａ、５ａ・・・５ａにそれぞれ同時に注入するに際し、複数の送液系統Ｓ、Ｓ・・・Ｓの各流量圧力検出器ｆ、Ｐから検出された注入液の流量および／または圧力のデータは集中管理装置Ｘ１に送信されて注入監視盤Ｘ２で画面表示されて施工状況が表示される。このようなデータの画面表示により、注入状況の一括監視を行って注入液の注入が管理され、地盤４中に例えば図１に示されるように、第一改良ブロックおよび第二改良ブロックが形成される。なお、Ａ液およびＢ液は同一注入領域で別々に注入する。すなわち、上から下にＡ液の同時注入、Ｂ液の同時注入を繰り返しながら注入ステージを移向させ、固結板で上部で拘束しながら層状に地盤を強化する。
【００５４】
図３は本発明にかかる装置の具体例の説明図である。注入液槽２からの注入液は導管８のグラウトポンプ１および圧力流量制御装置10により一定圧力に制御されて分配装置６に導入され、次いで複数の送液系統Ｓ、Ｓ・・・Ｓに分流され、図示しないオリフイスを内在した分岐バルブ11および流量圧力検出器ｆ、Ｐを経て注入管路５、５・・・５を通って地盤４中に注入ポイント５ａ、５ａ・・・５ａに注入される。なお、Ａ液およびＢ液は同一注入領域で別々に注入する。このとき、流量圧力検出器ｆ、Ｐで検出された流量信号および／または圧力信号は中央管理部Ｘの集中管理装置Ｘ１に送信され、注入監視盤Ｘ２で画面表示され、注入状況の一括監視を行なう。
【００５５】
集中管理装置Ｘ１には日報作成装置Ｘ３（パソコン）および日報作成装置Ｘ３にはプリンタＸ４が接続され、日報作成装置Ｘ３によって日報が作成され、プリンタＸ４でプリントアウトされる。
【００５６】
図４に集中管理装置Ｘ１の操作フローチヤートを示しながら、図３の装置について説明する。図３において、まず、送液系統Ｓ、Ｓ・・・ＳのNo.1〜No.10 についての注入仕様フアイルの圧力規定値（適正圧力範囲）、規定注入量（適正積算注入量範囲）、すなわち、所望の注入圧力、流量（単位時間当たり流量および／または積算流量）を集中管理装置Ｘ１に予め設定しておき（システム仕様設定登録）、次いで集中管理装置Ｘ１のNo.1〜No.10 の開始スイッチ14をＯＮにしてデータ記録を開始する。
【００５７】
このとき、施工表示盤Ｘ５にもランプ15でＯＮ表示がなされる。注入監視盤Ｘ２では、注入液送液系統Ｓ、Ｓ・・・Ｓからの注入データを画面に表示し、これらデータが設定値に達したときに、集中管理装置Ｘ１は完了信号を出力してこれを注入監視盤Ｘ２に表示するとともに、施工表示盤Ｘ５にランプ15で完了状態を表示し、送液系統Ｓ、Ｓ・・・Ｓのストップバルブ９を閉める信号を出力する。
【００５８】
全ての送液系統Ｓ、Ｓ・・・Ｓの注入が完了の後、集中管理装置Ｘ１の開始スイッチ14をオフにすることにより集中管理装置Ｘ１によるデータの記録が終了する。これら記録データに基づいて日報作成装置Ｘ３で日報等の帳票を作成し、プリンタＸ４でプリントアウトする。
【００５９】
図３において、集中管理装置Ｘ１は１０本の送液系統Ｓ、Ｓ・・・Ｓにそれぞれ配置された流量圧力検出器ｆ、Ｐからの流量ないしは圧力データを記録し、監視する。また、この装置Ｘ１は予め設定された、それぞれ規定圧力値（あるいは規定圧力範囲）、規定瞬時流量値（あるいは規定瞬時流量範囲）、および規定積算注入量（あるいは規定積算注入量範囲）により注入完了の自動判断を行なう。
【００６０】
この詳細は以下のとおりである。

【００６１】
注入監視：
注入仕様フアイルに基づき登録された規定注入量、規定圧力をもって積算注入量データ、圧力データを監視する。注入圧力が定められた規定圧力以上であった場合、または、注入量（積算流量）が規定積算注入量（規定積算流量）に達した場合、集中管理装置Ｘ１はストップバルブ９の閉信号を出力するとともに、ランプを点灯させて完了であることを表示する。（圧力規定による完了か、規定注入量による完了かは画面に表示される。）
【００６２】
監視画面：
図３に示されるそれぞれＡ液用１０本、Ｂ液用１０本の送液系統分のデータ（流量、圧力、積算流量、最大圧力の合計４０データ）を注入監視盤Ｘ２上に一つの画面で表示する。図１２はＡ液の注入状況を示すが、スイッチを押すことにより画面がＢ液の注入状況に切り替わり、Ａ液孔番０１〜１０に対応して注入されるＢ液の孔番０１ａ〜１０ａ毎のデータが表示される。
【００６３】
図１２の画面を詳述すると、以下のとおりである。
上半分の２画面：
グループ１：１号〜５号の積算流量、最大圧力デジタル表示
（図３の左側５送液系統）
グループ２：６号〜１０号の積算流量、最大圧力デジタル表示
（図３の右側５送液系統）
積算流量は２０分間の注入量である。また、最大圧力は３０秒毎に表示され、１９分３０秒から２０分までの間の最大値を表示した。最大圧力が設定圧力以上になり続けたら、その送液系統の注入は終了することの判断になる。また、積算流量が設定積算流量に達した場合も、この送液系統の注入は終了することの判断になる。
【００６４】
下半分の２画面：
グループ３：１号〜５号の流量、圧力 トレンド表示
（図３の左側５送液系統）
グループ４：６号〜１０号の流量、圧力 トレンド表示
（図３の右側５送液系統）
２画面のそれぞれの左側は各送液系統における時間（ｔ）の経過に対応した瞬時流量と瞬時圧力のチヤートを示し、右側は１９分３０秒から２０分までの平均瞬時流量（ｌ／分）と平均瞬時圧力（ＭＰａ）を示す。
【００６５】
このようにして、図１２の画面に示されるように、注入監視盤Ｘ２には送液系統No.1〜10の送液状態が同時に表示されるが、一つの送液系統毎に画面を切り換えながら表示することもできる。なお、流量圧力制御装置10における設定圧力、実際圧力、分配装置６への送液流量、積算送液流量を同一画面または別の画面に表示してもよい。これにより、分配装置６内の液圧と、複数の送液系統Ｓ、Ｓ・・・Ｓの圧力、流量との関係をリアルタイムで把握でき、注入を所定の設定範囲内に納まるように管理できる。また、図１２において、最大圧力の代わりに、図３の導管８における圧力や流量を表示してもよい。さらに、集中管理装置Ｘ１は注入仕様フアイル、注入結果一覧表、注入チヤート、日計表、週計表、月計表等の帳票作成ならびに解析データの作成をも行なうことができる。
【００６６】
注入仕様フアイルは集中管理装置Ｘ１の動作設定フアイル（図４におけるシステム仕様設定）であり、注入液送液系統Ｓ、Ｓ・・・Ｓの注入完了条件の規定圧力値、規定注入量の設定を行う。さらに注入液送液系統Ｓの分岐バルブ11の絞りや、注入液加圧部Ｙにおけるグラウトポンプ１のインバータ３の調整や分配装置６内の流体圧を設定値に保つためのリターンシステムＲＳの調整を行うための注入仕様を作成する。各帳票フアイルは記録された流量、圧力、積算流量あるいは最大圧力の各データと、孔番等の手動入力、または自動入力によるデータとから変換作成される。さらに解析データは各帳票データから変換作成される。
【００６７】
なお、図１２の画面において、各送液系統の一本毎に一枚づつ、例えば、図１３に示される注入孔における注入ポイント毎に、ブロックNo. 、注入孔No. およびステージNo．とともに、圧力、流量、チヤートを表示することもできる。
【００６８】
さらに、これらのデータから注入孔毎に、例えば、図１３のブロックNo.1、注入孔No.3（Ａ液用）ならびにNo.3ａ（Ｂ液用）について例示すれば、図１４に示されるように、各ステージ毎に、時間ｔに対する注入圧力Ｐ、流量Ｑ、および積算流量（ｌ）を表示することもできる。
【００６９】
また、各注入孔毎に、各ステージの設計積算流量に対する実際積算流量の比率を算出して、図１５および図１６に示すように、注入領域の区分毎に、ステージ毎の水平面（図１５）と垂直面（図１６）を面的に図示し、これにより、注入が不充分なゾーンが判別され、再注入すべき領域を知ることができる。図１５および図１６を詳述すると、まず、Ａ液に対するＢ液の設計値（計算値）をあらかじめ定めておく。次いで、Ｂ液の実際値を測定し、前記設計値に対するＢ液の実際値の比率を注入孔毎に、かつステージ毎にパーセントで求め、図１５に水平面の注入比率の分布、図１６に垂直面の注入比率の分布を表した。例えば、図１５の注入孔１は９０〜７０％、注入孔２は１００〜９０％、注入孔６は３０％以下であり、また、図１６注入孔No.4のステージ１は９０〜７０％、注入孔No.5のステージ３は１００〜９０％、注入孔No.6のステージ１は３０％以下である。図１６は図１５のＡ−Ａ線断面図である。
【００７０】
図１７は地盤中の垂直方向における複数の注入ポイント（各注入ステージ）の注入圧力分布および積算流量を注入監視盤Ｘ２上に面的に表した画面の一例である。図１７では各注入ステージにおける積算流量も表示される。したがって、この画面表示により、各注入ステージにおける注入圧力および積算流量が一画面上に表示され、一括監視により注入が管理される。図１７を詳述すると、まず、各ステージ毎にＡ液を３５０ｌづつ注入した。このときの平均注入圧力は１kgf/cm² である。このＡ液３５０ｌの注入量は実注入量であると同時に、設計注入量でもある。これに対して、Ｂ液の設計注入量はＡ液３５０ｌと過不足なく反応する量であるから、３５０ｌとなる。ここで、Ｂ液の限界注入圧力を１０kgf/cm² と定めておく。次いで、Ａ液３５０ｌを注入の後に、Ｂ液を注入すると、ステージ１では、積算流量３５０ｌのＢ液を注入したにもかかわらず、注入圧力は２kgf/cm² であった。すなわち、ステージ１ではＢ液は限界注入圧力の範囲内で所望量の注入量を注入できた。一方、ステージ２では、Ｂ液は積算流量１００〜２００ｌで注入圧力が１０kgf/cm² に達し、これ以上の注入は限界注入圧力を越えるので中止した。ステージ３、４も同様である。このようにして、図１７では、Ａ液注入後のＢ液の実注入量と最大圧力の垂直方向における分布状態が明示される。
【００７１】
図１８は地盤中の特定の注入ステージにおける水平断面の積算注入量を平面的に一画面上に表した例である。この画面表示により、特定の注入ステージにおける各注入ポイントの積算流量が一画面上に表示され、一括監視により注入が管理される。図１８も図１７と同様、Ａ液注入後のＢ液の実注入量と最大圧力の水平断面における分布状態が明示される。
【００７２】
図１９は地盤中の複数の注入ポイントにおけるＡ液注入後のＢ液の注入圧力分布を注入監視盤Ｘ２上に三次元的に表した画面の一例である。この画面表示により、各注入ステージにおける注入圧力が三次元的に表示され、立体的な一括監視により注入が管理される。同様にして、積算流量も三次元的に表示して注入状況を管理することができる。
【００７３】
例えば、注入圧力が過大に上昇して注入量が不充分であった領域を立体的に把握でき、この場合、注入圧力を少なくして所定量注入されるまで再注入する。さらには、所定量の注入が行なわれたにもかかわらず、注入圧力が過少であることも把握でき、この場合、注入が逸脱したり、あるいは設定値が過少であることも発見でき、設定値を変更して最適積算流量を注入する等の措直を講じて注入効果を確実にすることができる。
【００７４】
図２０は細管を複数本束ねて構成される注入管路５を用い、図３と同様な注入システムにより、Ａ液注入管、Ｂ液注入管の注入ポイント５ａに注入を施した例を示す。図３と同様に、注入液加圧部Ｙからの加圧注入液Ａ液、Ｂ液をそれぞれ分配装置６、６に送液し、複数の送液系統Ｓ、Ｓ・・・Ｓを介して地盤４中の複数の異なる注入ポイント５ａ、５ａ・・・５ａにそれぞれ同時に注入する。すなわち、Ａ液、Ｂ液は同一ステージ毎に同時に注入される。すなわち、Ａ液用注入細管Ｔｉ１〜Ｔｉｎ、Ｂ液用注入細管Ｔｉ１〜Ｔｉｎを連結して１２本の結束注入細管とし、ｎ本の結束注入細管を注入領域に配置し、注入ステージを移向しながらＡ液用注入細管Ｔｉ１〜ＴｉｎとＢ液用注入細管Ｔｉ１〜ＴｉｎからＡ液の同時注入、Ｂ液の同時注入を同時にあるいは時間をずらして行なう。
【００７５】
図２０に用いられる細管を複数本束ねて構成される注入管路５としては例えば図２１に示す注入管路５（結束注入細管５）が挙げられる。図２１において、注入管路５は先端の吐出口16の位置がそれぞれ縦方向の異なる位置に配置するように複数本の細管17、17、・・・17を束ねて構成される。
【００７６】
この注入管路５は地盤４の削孔18中に挿入され、さらにこの削孔18中にシール19を填充することにより地盤４中に埋設される。吐出口16から吐出される注入液は地盤壁４ａから地盤４中に浸透され、固結される。
【００７７】
複数の注入液送液系統Ｓ、Ｓ・・・Ｓにはそれぞれ流量圧力検出器ｆ、Ｐが設けられる。これら検出器ｆ、Ｐから検出された注入液の流量および／または圧力のデータは集中管理装置Ｘ１に送信され、データの記録ならびに画面表示により注入状況の一括監視を行って注入管理される。導管８にも図１と同様、流量圧力検出器ｆ₀ 、Ｐ₀ が設けられる。
【００７８】
一般に、沖積層は水平に滞積しているため、水平方向の透水係数は垂直方向のそれよりも大きい。したがって、図２０において、第１ステージの土層はいずれの吐出口付近でもほぼ同じ透水係数で、例えば中砂であり、また、第ｎステージの土層もいずれの吐出口付近でもほぼ同じ透水係数で、例えば細砂である。
【００７９】
さらに、本発明において、Ａ、Ｂ液を図３に示される注入液加圧部Ｙから複数の注入液送液系統Ｓ、Ｓ・・・Ｓを通って地盤４中の複数の異なる注入ポイント５ａ、５ａ・・・５ａにそれぞれ同時に注入するに際し、地盤４の所定の注入区分に代表注入孔を設置し、この代表注入孔の各注入ステージにおける適切な圧力、流量および積算流量を測定してこれらの値を集中管理装置Ｘ１に設定して、この設定値に基づいて所定の注入区分における各注入ステージでの注入を行う。
【００８０】
上述各注入ステージにおける適切な圧力、流量および積算流量は集中管理装置Ｘ１で圧力および流量を測定することにより測定される。この場合、適切な圧力、流量および積算流量は注入試験による測定値に実際の注入による測定値を加味し、補正することにより定めることもできる。
【００８１】
すなわち、具体的には、図３のシステムを用いて地盤注入を施工するに際し、集中管理装置Ｘ１によりリターン量を調整して時間とともに注入圧を低圧から高圧に変化させ、圧力−流量曲線を得る。例えば、図１３に示されるように、注入領域を平面的に任意のブロックに分け、例えば図１３では４つのブロックに分け、一つのブロック（例えばブロックNo.1）を代表する一つの注入孔（例えば注入孔No.5）を試験注入孔として選定する。
【００８２】
この試験注入孔（No.5）の各ステージ毎、あるいは代表的なステージにおいて、注入に先立ち、注水試験、またはゲル化時間の長い注入液による注入試験を行って、図２２に示されるＰ−ｑ曲線（曲線１および２）、すなわち、Ｐ（注入圧力Ｐ）−ｑ（流量ｌ／分）曲線を出す。
【００８３】
図２２において、Ｏ₁ 点までは注入速度と注入圧力は比例関係にあり、地盤破壊は生ぜず、完全な浸透注入となる。しかし、Ｏ₁ 〜Ｏ₂ 点までは注入速度（流量）と注入圧力は比例関係になく、部分的に割裂は生じるが、地盤が破壊して注入液が逸脱する注入圧力の低下はみられない。このＯ₂ 点の注入圧力を限界注入圧Ｐ_ro、限界注水速度（あるいは限界注入速度）（流量）ｑ_r0とする。このようにして、地盤が破壊する限界注入圧力Ｐ_r0および限界注入流量ｑ_r0（注入速度）を知ることができる。
【００８４】
上述のとおり、各ステージにおける地盤を破壊しないで注入し得る限界注入圧と限界注入速度（流量）を知ることができ、これにより、各ステージの適正注入圧力範囲あるいは適正注入速度範囲を知ることができる。この数値を中央管理部Ｘの集中管理装置Ｘ１に記憶させ、この適正範囲を保つようにそのステージにおける注入を行って注入管理する。
【００８５】
図４の集中管理装置の操作フローチヤートに示すように積算流量がこの適正範囲に達すればその時点でその注入ポイントの注入を完了する。また、設定積算流量に達しないうちに適正注入圧力を越える場合にもそのステージの注入を終了とする。なお、上記適正注入圧力または注入速度の設定値は注入工程の進行中、補正することができる。この理由は注入過程で、同一ステージの注入中に、あるいは別の注入ステージからの影響により、さらには他の注入孔からの注入液の部分的浸透により干渉効果を受けるからである。
【００８６】
また、注入ポイントの注入順序を選定することにより、あるいは注入ブロックの注入順序を選択することにより、先行した注入によって地盤が強化され、このため後からの注入が拘束効果によって注入圧力を高くしても破壊することなく注入できる。注入量が不充分のとき、再注入する場合も同様である。
【００８７】
図２２において、曲線１は注入試験結果であり、第１液（Ａ液：例えば、水ガラス水溶液）の注入試験結果もゲル化を伴わないためほぼ類似である。これに対して、曲線２は第２液（Ｂ液：例えば、塩化カルシウム水溶液）の注入結果である。第２液は地盤中で第１液と反応するため圧力が増大する。第１液をＢ液とし、第２液をＡ液としても同一傾向となる。さらに、図２２において、Ｆ₁ 点までは直線関係にあるが、Ｆ₁ 〜Ｆ₂ 点までの間は直線ではないが破壊には至っていない。したがって、Ｆ₂ 点におけるＰ_rfを限界圧力、ｑ_rfを限界注入流量とする。このようにして、最終的な限界注入圧力および限界注入流量（注入速度）をそれぞれＰ_rfおよびｑ_rfとして設定して、設計注入量（積算流量）の注入をこの限界内で行うようにする。これらの値を集中管理装置Ｘ１に記憶させておき、この設計流量が注入されたら注入終了とし、もし、設計流量に達しないうちにこの限界注入圧力に達した場合にはその時点で注入を終了する。このようにして、注入工程に最適範囲を設定して確実な注入効果を得ることができる。
【００８８】
なお、注入中に注入圧力が全く上昇しなかったり、あるいは注入中に注入圧力があまりにも早く上昇して注入を中止したために注入が不充分であると予想されたり等の場合、注入領域を断面的あるいは平面的に切り、その領域に再注入することもできる。また、所定量注入して注入が完了しても、注入圧力の状況から注入が不充分と判断した場合、設定値を変更して注入を続けることもでき、さらに手動に切り換えて注入を続けることもできる。さらに、注入中に注入圧力が設定値を越えて注入中断の信号がでても、注入量から注入が不充分と判断された場合、注入圧力の設定値を変更し、あるいは手動に切り換えて注入を継続することもでき、また、瞬時注入量の設定値を低くして注入を続けることもできる。
【００８９】
さらに、図２０において、第１ステージの土層はほぼ同一の透水性ではあるが、各吐出口１〜ｎの流量（ｑ）は多少ともばらつきが生じる。このため、各吐出口における所定の注入が完了する時間はそれぞれ異なる。このため、集中管理装置Ｘ１からの指示と注入が完了した吐出口から順次、所定の電磁バルブが作動してストップバルブ９がオフになる。（電磁バルブでなくても、手動バルブでもよい。）いくつかのバルブが閉じても、残りの吐出口からの流量はリターン装置ＲＡにより同一流量を保つ。もちろん、場合によっては、集中管理装置Ｘ１からの指示でリターン装置を調整したり、インバータ調整して注入速度、注入圧力を調整することができる。
【００９０】
このようにして、吐出口からの同時注入による浸透固結によってステージ毎に平面的に達成されたスラブが形成される。この固結層は第１ステージから第ｎステージまで連続的に形成される。さらにまた、吐出口からの同時注入による浸透固結は垂直方向にも形成することができ、さらには、水平方向および垂直方向の両方に同時進行させることもでき、また、透水性の大きな層の吐出口から、あるいは透水性の大きな部分に開口した吐出口から選択的に注入することもできる。
【００９１】
ここで、図２０において、細管Ｔの本数ｎをｎ＝１００として、分岐バルブ11のオリフイス口径＝1.０mmとし、送液流量検出器ｆ₀ ＝１５０ｌ／分とし、細管（Ｔ₁ 〜Ｔ₁₀₀ ）の第１ステージに位置する吐出口から同時注入すると、流量圧力検出器ｆ、Ｐの分岐圧力計Ｐ₁₁は２kg／cm² 、分岐流量計ｆ₁₁は1.５ｌ／分、圧力検出器Ｐ₀ ＝３０kgf/cm² を示す。また、Ｐ₁r₀ ＝５kgf/cm² 、ｑr₀₁ ＝4.０ｌ／分を示す。Ｐ₁rf ＝7.５kgf/cm²(Ｐ₁r₀ の1.５倍）と設定する。また、細管Ｔ₁₁における計画注入量Ｑ₁₁はＱ₁₁＝１００ｌに設定する。注入中のＰ₁ の注入圧力は3.０kgf/cm² 以内、平均注入速度ｑ₁ ＝1.５ｌ／分で１００ｌの注入が完了した。
【００９２】
上述のとおり、第１ステージの土層はほぼ同一の透水性ではあるが、各吐出口１〜ｎの流量ｑは多少ともばらつきがある。このため、各吐出口における所定の１００ｌの注入が完了する時間はそれぞれ異なる。このため、集中管理装置Ｘ１からの指示と注入が完了した吐出口から順次、所定の電磁バルブ（ストップバルブ９）が作動してオフになる。図１において、リターン装置ＲＡを用いずに、インバータ３を有するグラウトポンプ１を用いる場合、いくつかのバルブ、例えば10個のバルブ、すなわち10％のバルブがオフになると、残りの吐出口からの流量は増大し、かつ圧力検出器Ｐ₀ の注入圧力も増大する。これを是正して適正圧力範囲、適正流量範囲にもどすために集中管理装置Ｘ１から注入液加圧部Ｙに指示し、インバータ３を調整して流量を１割減少し、流量検出器ｆ₀ の毎分流量を１３５ｌ／分とし、残りの吐出口からの平均注入速度を1.５ｌ／分とする。しかるに、図３に示すように、流量圧力制御装置10を用いた場合、リターン装置ＲＡによって常に一定の圧力Ｐ₀ ＝３０kgf/cm² を維持することができるので、最後の一本に至るまで同一流量で注入することができる。
【００９３】
また、吐出口数が同一で、注入速度ｑを一定に保つ場合、注入が進行して地盤中のゲル化が進行するにつれて注入圧が増大する。さらには、先行した注入ポイントからの注入による拘束効果がある場合も、同様に注入圧が増大する。この場合、注入圧が限界点Ｐ_1rf ＝7.５kgf/cm² に達すれば、その吐出量が所定注入量に達しないまま注入を完了しても、充分な注入効果を得たとみなす。したがって、あらかじめＰ_1rf ＝7.５kgf/cm² が限界値として入力された集中管理装置Ｘ１からの指示により電磁弁（ストップバルブ９）がオフになり、その吐出口の注入が完了する。ただし、注入状況によっては、設定値を変更しても、手動に切り換えて注入を続けてもよい。
【００９４】
同時に、いくつかの吐出口の注入圧が限界に達し、あるいは所定注入量に達した時点で、集中管理装置Ｘ１からの注入液加圧部Ｙへの指示により、残りの吐出口の平均注入速度が所定の範囲内におさまるようにインバータ３が制御され、流量検出器ｆ₀ の流量が低減されて注入が続くという工程がくり返される。もちろん、リターン装置ＲＡを用いれば、最後の一本まで自動的に、同一条件で注入できる。
【００９５】
このようにして、吐出口からの同時注入による浸透固結はステージ毎に平面的に達成されてスラブが形成される。この固結層は第１ステージから第ｎステージまで連続的に形成される。さらにまた、吐出口からの同時注入による浸透固結は垂直方向にも形成することができ、さらには水平方向および垂直方向の両方に、同時に進行させることもでき、また、透水性の大きな層の吐出口、あるいは透水性の大きな部分に開口した吐出口から選択的に注入することもできる。
【００９６】
注入工法の原理は土粒子間隙の水を注入液に置き換えることにある。このため、同時注入工法において、大容量土に多数の吐出口から同時注入しても、土中水が注入液により逃げ場を失えば、地盤中に水のポケットが生じ、あるいは注入液が水で希釈されて目的とする注入が達成できなくなる。これを防止するために、図２３に示されるように、固結対象の地盤４にほぼ同一土質条件を有する想定改良ブロック（１）、（２）、（３）、（４）、（５）を定め、図示しない複数の吐出口から、まず、間隔をあけて定められた想定改良ブロック（１）および（２）に同時注入して地下水をブロック外に排除し、次いで、想定改良ブロック（３）、（４）、（５）に上述と同様に同時注入して地下水をブロック外に排除し、順次に全体を固結してほぼ同一土層を地下水を逃がしながら固結する。この際、地下水を効果的に逃がすために、注入領域の所定の位置に排水パイプ、ペーパードレーン、砂柱等の排水材を地盤中に設置してもよい。あるいはさらに、排水材を通してポンプによる地下水の吸水を併用して注入液の方向性を誘導することもできる。
【００９７】
また、図２４に示されるように、注入領域をいくつかのブロックに分け、地下水を逃がしやすいように注入順序を設定して所定の注入圧力、あるいは所定の積算注入量に達した時点で、次のブロックの注入に移向するように注入することにより全自動注入が可能になる。なお、注入目的や、地盤条件によっては、先行する注入区分があとから注入する注入区分を拘束するように注入順序を選択することによって効果的に地盤を加圧強化することができる。
【００９８】
分配装置６は一般に、ポンプで注入液を分配装置６内に急速に送液すると直ちに過大の圧力を呈して稼動が難しくなる。これに対して、図２５のようにオリフイスＯ（絞り調整バルブでもよい。）に至る導管８に注入液リターンシステムＲＳ、すなわち、圧力検出器Ｐ₀ 、注入液リターン装置ＲＡ、リターン管路Ｒ、および流量圧力制御装置10を設けることにより、グラウトポンプ１を通常の稼動状態にしてスタートしたまま、徐々に注入圧力Ｐ₀ を上昇させ、送液系統Ｓ、Ｓ・・・Ｓからの吐出量を把握しながら注入圧力Ｐ₀ を設定して、安全かつ容易に注入操作が可能になる。図２５に示す円筒環状の分配装置６は分配装置６内の圧力か均等に分布するため、各送液系統Ｓへの吐出量が正確になる。なお、圧力検出器Ｐ₀ は分配装置６内に設けることもできる。
【００９９】
図２６は注入液リターンシステムＲＳの他の具体例のフローシートであり、グラウトポンプ１を並列して複数個用い、注入圧力Ｐ₀ を高めたり、非常に多数の注入管路から同時に注入することができる。これにより、本発明は送液系統Ｓ、Ｓ・・・Ｓを数十本あるいは１００本以上、一度に地盤中に設置して急速施工を可能とする。例えば、１吐出口当たり１〜５ｌ／分の低吐出量により土粒子間浸透が可能になる。すなわち、１吐出口３ｌとして１００吐出口を同時注入する場合、３００ｌ／分の注入ポンプを必要とする。
【０１００】
ところが、３００ｌ／分の薬液注入ポンプは入手し難い。しかし、図２６のシステムを用いることにより３０ｌ／分の薬液注入ポンプ１０台を一セットにし、１００本吐出口から一気に注入することができる。しかも、この注入液リターンシステムＲＳを用いることにより、一台毎のポンプの吐出量を調整することなく、多数の吐出口から、吐出口の数が変動しても一定圧力Ｐ₀ により、所定量の吐出量で自動的に注入し続けることができ、上述のリターン装置を用いることによってこのような画期的注入工法の実用化が可能になる。
【０１０１】
上述の本発明にかかる地盤注入工法において、上述複数の注入液送液系統は次の（ａ）、（ｂ）または（ｃ）、すなわち、（ａ）注入液加圧部からそれぞれ分岐する、（ｂ）独立した複数の注入液加圧部にそれぞれ連通する、（ｃ）単一の駆動体によって複数のポンプのピストン駆動体を同時に駆動する注入液加圧部のそれぞれのポンプに連通する、ことから構成される。
【０１０２】
前記（ａ）は具体的には、図１、図３、その他に示されるとおり、注入液加圧部Ｙから分配装置６を経て分岐され、あるいは図示しないが、注入液加圧部Ｙの導管８から直接分岐されて構成され、地盤４中の注入管路５に連結される。
【０１０３】
前記（ｂ）は、ゴムスリーブで覆われた吐出口を軸方向に多数有する注入外管を地盤４中に多数設置し、これら複数の注入外管にそれぞれダブルパッカを有する注入内管を挿入して本発明にかかる注入管路５とする。この注入管路５を介して注入ステージを移動しながら注入液を地盤４中に注入することにより、複数の注入ポイント５ａから注入を同時に行ない、この際、各注入管路５における注入開始から終了に至るまでの工程はそれぞれ別々に行ないながら、これらの注入状況を集中管理装置Ｘ１の注入監視盤Ｘ２に画面表示して一括管理し、記録した上で各注入管路５の注入ポイント５ａ毎に日計表にアウトプットし、混乱を生じることなくデータ管理を行なう。
【０１０４】
なお、上述（ｂ）において、多重管ロッドを用いてＡ液、Ｂ液を合流注入したり、あるいはＡ、Ｂ液合流液の瞬結注入を行なった後、Ａ液の注入、Ｂ液の注入を別々に行ない、さらに多重管ロッドを移動させながら上述注入をステージ毎に繰り返す注入であってもよい。すなわち、複数の多重管ロッドから複数の注入ポイント５ａに同時に注入し、そして、それぞれの多重管ロッドにおける注入は始めから終りまで個々の注入工程を経ながら全体の注入状況を一括管理してデータ処理を行なう。
【０１０５】
上述（ｃ）は図２１に示される注入管路５を用いて図２０に示されるように注入管路５を地盤４中に配置し、それぞれの注入管路５、５・・・５を複数の注入液送液系統Ｓ、Ｓ・・・Ｓに連通して構成される。この場合、注入液加圧部Ｙにおける多数のピストン駆動部材は一つの駆動源によって駆動される。
【０１０６】
すなわち、一つの駆動源（モータ）で駆動する回転シヤフトは多数のカムを備え、それぞれのカム駆動方式にしたがってピストンが作動する多数のユニットポンプによって構成され、それぞれのユニットポンプが複数の注入送液系統に連通する。もちろん、上述（ｂ）の注入方式におけるそれぞれの注入管路５に複数の注入液送液系統Ｓ、Ｓ・・・Ｓを連通することもできる。
【０１０７】
なお、上述（ａ）、（ｂ）において、注入管路５（注入外管、注入内管を含む）は袋体やゴム等の弾性を有する被膜を装着し、内部に硬化性液体、水、気体（窒素等の不活性気体、空気等）等をパッカ用流路を通じて圧入し、パッカ効果を生じさせた上で地盤注入液を注入してもよい。この場合、これらのパッカ用流体の圧入にかかわるデータ（パッカ用流体圧入データ）を集中管理装置に送液し、画面表示して注入管理することになる。すなわち、流体の種類、圧入圧力、パッカ位置等がデータとなる。
【０１０８】
ここで、図１０ないしは図１１に示される本発明にかかる装置を用い、Ａ液として水ガラスを有効成分とする水溶液、およびＢ液として塩化カルシウム、塩化マグネシウム等のアルカリ土金属塩化物や、塩化アルミニウム等の多価金属塩化物を有効成分とする水溶液をそれぞれ異なる導管８、８を通して以下のように地盤４中に注入し、地盤４中でＡ、Ｂ液を反応させて地盤４を固結する例を示す。
【０１０９】
（１）Ａ液を注入後、Ｂ液を注入する。
（２）Ｂ液を注入後、Ａ液を注入する。
（３）Ａ液とＢ液を交互に注入する。
（４）Ａ液とＢ液を同時に注入する。
【０１１０】
上述において、注入液送液系統Ｓの流量圧力検出器ｆ、Ｐで検出された流量信号ないしは圧力信号を集中管理装置Ｘ１に送信して各注入液送液系統Ｓ、Ｓ・・・Ｓの注入状況を把握し、これら注入状況を注入監視盤Ｘ２に画面表示して一括監視を行ない、注入管理する。この際、集中管理装置Ｘ１に流量の範囲、圧力範囲および／または積算流量範囲について仕様設定し、Ａ、Ｂ両液の注入ポイント５ａで以下のいずれかの現象が生じるまで繰り返し注入する。
【０１１１】
（１）注入が所定の圧力範囲ないしは注入量に達する。
（２）注入圧が上昇して注入が困難になるか、注入圧が設定限界になる。
（３）地盤隆起が生じるか、あるいは地盤隆起が設定限界になる。
【０１１２】
Ｂ液としてのアルカリ土金属塩化物は水ガラスグラウトと反応して瞬間的に沈殿物を生じる。この沈殿物は加圧することによって水分を放出し、圧縮されて強固なゲル化物となる。
【０１１３】
ところで、溶液型の水ガラス系グラウトを用いた工法は古くからヨーステン工法として知られている。これは反応が瞬間的に起こるため、別々の注入管を用いて地盤中で反応させるしかなかった。しかし、この場合の問題点は注入管まわりしか固結しないため、浸透範囲が狭い。さらに、水ガラス水溶液（Ａ液）と塩化カルシウム等の水溶液（Ｂ液）とを別々に地盤中に注入するため、先行して注入した液が後から注入する液によって注入範囲外に押し出されてしまい、このため、地盤中で化学当量的に反応させて一定の効果を奏し得ることができず、現在では実用に供されていない。
【０１１４】
ところが、本発明によれば、注入地盤を地盤条件がほぼ同一の複数の注入領域に区分し、その注入区分毎に複数の注入液送液系統Ｓ、Ｓ・・・Ｓを通して同時に注入し、かつ、注入圧力、瞬時注入量ないしは積算注入量を送液系統Ｓ、Ｓ・・・Ｓの一本毎に、かつ注入区分毎に総合的に管理できる。このため、Ａ、Ｂ両液は注入区分全体として化学当量的にほぼ過不足なく注入できる。
【０１１５】
なお、注入圧は高くなるほど強固に固結したことを示すので、設定圧力の範囲は下限値が例えば、１０kgf/cm² 以上、上限値は注入中の圧力低下を起こす手前の圧力、すなわち、地盤の破壊を起こす手前の圧力、あるいは地盤隆起が生じるか地盤隆起が設定限界値になる圧力である。
【０１１６】
注入がこれらの限界値に達したときに、注入の完了または中断とするが、しかし、Ａ、Ｂ液のいずれかの注入量が設定値に達していないときには、設定値を変更して引き続いて注入を行なうか、再注入を行なう。この場合、一度固化した個所を破壊し、その外側まで注入液を浸透させなくてはならないから、当初の注入圧力は過大になっても、その後は低下する。したがって、再注入における仕様設定、あるいは引きつづいて注入を行なうときの変更仕様の設定は流量を低く（例えば、ｆ＝５ｌ／分）、注入圧力を高くし、積算流量は不足分とする。
【０１１７】
地盤の隆起がなく、注入が困難になるまで注入する場合の注入圧の上限は注入液加圧部Ｙの圧力検出器Ｐ₀ における圧力Ｐ₀ 、例えば３０kgf/cm² である。したがって、注入圧力Ｐについての仕様設定はＰ＝１０〜３０（＝Ｐ₀ ）kgf/cm² となる。すなわち、注入液送液系統Ｓの注入圧Ｐが大きく上昇すると、流量ｆが減少し、Ｐ₀ にまで達すると、ｆ＝０となり注入が中断する。したがって、流量に関する仕様設定は、ｆ＝５〜０ｌ／分となる。
【０１１８】
さらに注入するには、圧力Ｐ₀ を高くすれば良い。この場合、途中から手動に切り換えて地盤隆起の状況を確認しながら注入をつづけることもできる。例えば、図３の装置において、地盤隆起センサを地表面に設置する。この場合、あらかじめ仕様設定に地盤隆起の範囲を５〜２０mmと設定したときに、地盤隆起センサからの電気信号が集中管理装置Ｘ１に伝えられ、隆起が２０mmを越した場合、注入液送液系統Ｓからの注入が中止となる。しかし、隆起が５〜２０mmの範囲内ならば、これは許容範囲であり、その範囲内での隆起は地盤強化のための反応が確実に行なわれていることを示している。また、この地盤センサを注入領域付近の構造物に設けることにより、構造物の変位が許容範囲内におさまるように注入を管理することができる。
【０１１９】
さらに、本発明において、複数の注入液送液系統Ｓ、Ｓ・・・Ｓのいずれかの注入が完了して次の注入管路５に接続しており、あるいは注入圧が限界値よりも高くなって注入を中断した後、再注入する場合、注入液が送液系統Ｓ中でゲル化することを防止するために送液系統Ｓを水洗する。この場合、注入液の送液量か、水洗の送水量かを判断する特性を設定する必要がある。
【０１２０】
水と注入液との違いを示す特性は例えば、ｐＨ、電気伝導度、密度等である。したがって、これらに関するセンサ、すなわち、ｐＨメータ、電気伝導度メータ、密度計等を注入液送液系統Ｓに設ければ良い。
【０１２１】
これらのうち、密度計について例示すると、送液系統Ｓを通過する注入液に放射線を照射する放射線源を注入液送液系統Ｓの外側壁に配置する。さらに、この放射線源に対向する送液系統Ｓの外側壁に前記放射線の透過強度または反射強度を検出する放射線検出器を配置する。さらにまた、この検出値から注入液の濃度を算出する演算器を備えて濃度測定装置とする。
【０１２２】
前記放射線源はガンマ線源であり、この場合、放射線検出器はガンマ線検出器となる。そして、演算器はガンマ線の入射強度と透過強度との比または反射強度との比から注入液の濃度を算出する構成のものである。
【０１２３】
さらに、放射線源は中性子線源であることもでき、この場合、放射線検出器は中性子検出器となる。そして、演算器は中性子線の入射強度と透過強度の比、または反射強度との比から、注入液の濃度を算出する構成のものである。
【０１２４】
算出した注入液の濃度またはこの濃度を指標するデータを連続的に集中管理装置Ｘ１に送信して集中管理装置Ｘ１中の演算制御装置（ｃｐｕ）で注入液の密度または濃度に変換し、これを予め定めた一定時間間隔で集中管理装置Ｘ１に記録する。そして、注入液の密度を例えば1.６〜2.２の範囲の設定仕様とし、このデータを例えば注入監視盤Ｘ２の画面上に図９のデータや図１１のチヤートとともに表示し、日報作成の際に積算注入量から設定仕様の範囲外、すなわち密度が1.６よりも低い流量を差し引いて真の注入液積算注入量とする。
【０１２５】
また、導電率測定装置を送液系統に設け、送液中の導電率を測定することにより測定値のデータを集中管理装置に伝達し、これにより洗浄水と注入液を識別して実際の注入量を把握することができる。
【０１２６】
図２７は水ガラスを主成分とする注入液（Ａ液）の水ガラス濃度を変化させた場合の導電率の変化の状態を示したグラフである。蒸留水は0.０１μ、水道水は１１9.５μの導電率である。したがって、図１、図３において、注入が完了した注入液送液系統Ｓを水洗しても、あるいは注入液送液系統の中にゲルが詰まって水洗する場合でも、検出値が１ｍｓ／ｃｍ以下なら洗浄水とみなして注入液を識別し、注入量を把握する。なお、この導電率は注入液によっても異なり、あるいは洗浄水によっても異なるので、あらかじめ計測して識別する範囲を認識し、図４のシテスム仕様設定に登録しておけばよい。
【０１２７】
上述のとおり、注入液のｐＨ、導電率、濃度等を検出することにより、どのような特性の注入液を注入しているかが識別される。したがって、注入液の種類、濃度、配合等の注入液データを集中管理装置Ｘ１に送信し、注入液データとして注入管理することもできる。
【０１２８】
なお、地盤中に観測井戸を設け、この観測井戸の中のｐＨ値、導電率等を測定してこれらの変化を見い出すことにより注入液が用水に流入していることがわかり、そのデータを集中管理装置Ｘ１に送信し、これらを影響データとして画面表示し、これに基づいて注入を中断して用水への影響を防ぐことができる。
【０１２９】
同様に、上述の地盤変位や構造物の変位を集中管理装置Ｘ１に送信し、限界値に達したら注入を中断して影響を防止することもできる。したがって、これらを影響データとして注入管理することができる。
【０１３０】
【発明の効果】
以上のとおり、本発明はＡ液、Ｂ液を複数の注入液送液系統から複数の異なる注入ポイントにそれぞれ同時に注入するに際し、複数の注入液送液系統にそれぞれ流量圧力検出器を設け、これら検出器から検出された注入液の流量信号、ないしは圧力信号を中央管理装置に送信し、データの記録ならびに画面表示により注入状況の一括監視を行って注入管理するようにしたから、地盤中に設置した複数本の注入管路から、対象とする土層に注入液を注入して該地盤を改良するに際して、最適な設定流量ないしは設定圧力をもって注入液を同時かつ、自動的に、あるいは選択的に注入し、これにより広範囲の地盤を急速かつ確実に改良することができる。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図１】本発明にかかる注入管理装置の一具体例のフローシートである。
【図２】図１の注入管理装置における注入液加圧部Ｙの他の具体例の説明図である。
【図３】本発明にかかる注入管理装置の実際の具体例の一例を示すフローシートである。
【図４】集中管理装置の操作フローチヤートである。
【図５】オリフイス口径φ2.０mmにおける抵抗圧力Ｐとオリフイスからの流量ｆとの関係を各ポンプ圧について表したグラフである。
【図６】オリフイス口径φ2.５mmにおける抵抗圧力Ｐとオリフイスからの流量ｆとの関係を各ポンプ圧について表したグラフである。
【図７】送液系統に配置されるオリフイスを並列して切り換えるように構成した説明図である。
【図８】図１における導管８を流れる注入液のリターン装置ＲＡによる流量自動調整の位置具体例を表した説明図である。
【図９】図１における送液系統Ｓを流れる注入液の分岐バルブによる流量自動調整の一具体例を表した説明図である。
【図１０】本発明にかかる注入管理装置の一具体例であって、注入液としてＡ、Ｂ液を用い、これらＡＢ注入液を地盤中で合流させた例のブロック図である。
【図１１】本発明にかかる注入管理装置の一具体例であって、注入液としてＡ、Ｂ液を用い、これらＡＢ注入液を地盤中で合流させた例のフローシートである。
【図１２】図３の注入管理装置を用い、送液系統１０本についての積算流量と最大圧、および流量と圧力を注入監視盤に表した画面表示の例である。
【図１３】注入領域の４つの注入ブロック区分No.1〜4 を注入監視盤に表した画面表示の例である。
【図１４】地盤のステージNo.1〜３における流量と注入圧力を注入監視盤に表したグラフ（チヤート）である。
【図１５】図６のブロックNo.1、ステージ１における注入比率の分布を注入監視盤に水平面として表した画面表示の例である。
【図１６】図１５のＡ−Ａ線垂直面を注入監視盤に表した画面表示の例である。
【図１７】地盤のステージNo.1〜４における注入圧力および積算流量を注入監視盤に表した画面表示の例である。
【図１８】地盤の水平面における注入液の注入量を注入監視盤に表した画面表示の例である。
【図１９】地盤の注入圧力を注入監視盤に立体的に表した三次元画面表示の例である。
【図２０】本発明にかかる注入管理装置の他の一具体例であって、第１注入ブロックおよび第２注入ブロックにそれぞれ注入する例のフローシートである。
【図２１】図２０に用いられる細管17（Ｔ）を結束した注入管路の位置具体例の断面図である。
【図２２】注入液の流量ｑと注入圧力Ｐとの関係を表したグラフである。
【図２３】本発明にかかる注入工程の一具体例を表した説明図である。
【図２４】本発明にかかる注入工程の他の具体例を表した説明図である。
【図２５】本発明にかかる注入管理装置の注入液加圧部および注入液分配部における他の具体例を表した説明図である。
【図２６】本発明にかかる注入管理装置の注入液加圧部における他の具体例を表した説明図である。
【図２７】シリカ溶液を用いた注入液の導電率変化を表したグラフである。
【符号の説明】
１ グラウトポンプ
２ 注入液槽
３ インバータ
４ 地盤
５ 注入管路
５ａ 注入ポイント
６ 分配装置
７ 連結部
８ 導管
９ ストップバルブ
９ａ ストップバルブ
10 流量圧力制御装置
11 分岐バルブ
12 シヤフト
13 リバーシブルモータ
14 開始スイッチ
15 ランプ
Ｘ 中央管理部
Ｘ１ 集中管理装置
Ｘ２ 注入監視盤
Ｘ３ 日報作成装置
Ｘ４ プリンタ
Ｘ５ 施工表示盤
Ｙ 注入液加圧部
ＲＳ リターンシステム
ＲＡ リターン装置
Ｒ リターン管路
ｆ₀ 流量検出器
Ｐ₀ 圧力検出器
Ｚ 注入液分配部
Ｓ 送液系統
ｆ 流量検出器
Ｐ 圧力検出器
Ｗ 注入部[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention strongly solidifies the ground using liquid A containing water glass as a main component (active ingredient) and liquid B containing alkaline earth metal chloride as the main ingredient (active ingredient) as an injection solution. The present invention relates to an injection method, and more particularly to a ground injection method in which injection is performed while monitoring the injection state of liquid A and liquid B and performing injection management.
[0002]
[Prior art]
In recent years, high-strength ground improvement has been required for the purpose of strengthening the foundation ground, injecting the bottom of the deep floor, preventing liquefaction, and the like. As this kind of ground improvement, conventionally, high-pressure injection injection that forms high-strength ground by high-pressure injection of cement-based hardener into the ground, and chemical injection using water glass as the main component, especially water glass and calcium chloride. Solution type chemical injection, in which each is separately injected into the ground and reacted in the ground, is known.
[0003]
[Problems to be Solved by the Invention]
Although the above-described high-pressure injection injection has the advantage that a predetermined area of the ground can be consolidated with a high strength and at a high rate, the generation of industrial waste such as waste mud is a problem because the consolidated material is replaced with soil. It has become.
[0004]
In addition, the above-mentioned chemical solution injection does not cause the problem of waste mud, but the ground is formed of layers with different viscosities and hydraulic conductivity, and therefore, an injection tube is inserted into the ground. When injecting the injection solution into the ground through and solidifying the ground, the injection solution escapes to the ground surface through a large permeable layer or the periphery of the injection tube, and uniformly solidifies the entire ground Is difficult. Moreover, in order to improve the permeability of the injection solution, the gelation time of the injection solution must be set long, and therefore high strength consolidation cannot be expected.
[0005]
Moreover, since the above-mentioned chemical solution injection in which water glass and calcium chloride are separately injected into the ground and reacted with each other in the ground can provide a high-strength solidification, it has long been known as the Josten method.
[0006]
However, in this construction method, water glass and calcium chloride, which are the injection solution, react instantaneously, so that only the periphery of the injection tube is consolidated, and either one of the water glass or calcium chloride injection solution is the other. Extrude the injection solution. For this reason, the Ca component does not react with the silica component present in the ground, either of which is excessive or insufficient, and it is difficult to reliably inject a predetermined region and solidify uniformly.
[0007]
Accordingly, an object of the present invention is to consolidate the ground using the A liquid mainly composed of water glass and the B liquid mainly composed of alkaline earth metal chlorides such as calcium chloride, magnesium chloride, and barium chloride. At the same time, the injection situation of liquid A and liquid B is monitored at the same time, and the injection is managed, so that the ground is solidified with high strength comparable to that of high-pressure injection, and industrial waste such as waste mud. An object of the present invention is to provide a ground injection method that does not cause generation of objects, reliably improves the entire ground, and improves the above-described drawbacks of the known technology.
[0008]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
In order to achieve the above-described object, according to the present invention, the liquid A containing water glass as the active ingredient and the liquid B containing the alkaline earth metal chloride as the active ingredient are separately separated from each other. In the ground injection method of injecting into the ground through and reacting them in the ground to consolidate the ground, a flow rate detector and / or a pressure detector are arranged in the infusion solution feeding system, and a central management unit The flow rate signal and / or pressure signal detected from the flow rate detector and / or pressure detector is transmitted to the central management unit to record and display signal data. The injection state of the liquid and the B liquid is collectively monitored.
[0009]
Furthermore, in order to achieve the above-mentioned object, according to the present invention, the liquid A which contains water glass as an active ingredient and the liquid B which contains an alkaline earth metal chloride as an active ingredient are separately supplied to different injection solutions. In the ground injection method of injecting into the ground through the system and reacting them in the ground to consolidate the ground, a flow rate detector and / or a pressure detector are arranged in the infusion solution feeding system, and the central control A flow rate signal and / or pressure signal detected from the flow rate detector and / or pressure detector is sent to the central management unit to record and display signal data, and each infusion solution delivery system The injection state of the liquid A and the liquid B is collectively monitored, and one or more representative injection points are set in a predetermined injection region of the ground, and each injection step of the representative injection point is set. Measure an appropriate value of the injection pressure and / or flow rate in the cylinder, set the appropriate value in the central management unit, and perform injection at each injection stage in a predetermined injection region based on this setting range .
[0010]
Furthermore, in order to achieve the above-mentioned object, according to the present invention, the liquid A containing water glass as an active ingredient and the liquid B containing an alkaline earth metal chloride as an active ingredient are separately supplied to different injection solutions. In the ground injection method of injecting into the ground through the liquid system and reacting them in the ground to consolidate the ground, a flow rate detector and / or a pressure detector are arranged in the injection liquid supply system, A management unit is provided, and a flow rate signal and / or a pressure signal detected from the flow rate detector and / or pressure detector is transmitted to the central management unit to record and display signal data, and each infusion solution is sent. The injection status of the liquid A and the liquid B in the system is collectively monitored, and the flow signal and / or pressure signal data information and ground uplift data information transmitted to the central management unit Can, A, completion of injection of the liquid B, discontinuation of infusion, and performing management of continuous infusion or reinfusion.
[0011]
BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION
Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in detail.
[0012]
The present invention is a ground injection method in which the above-mentioned A liquid and B liquid are reliably reacted and solidified in the ground, and is characterized by the following.
[0013]
(1) The injection solution is restrained and injected.
(2) CaO and SiO in the ground ₂ Manage the desired injection amounts of the A and B liquids so that they can react without waste.
(3) The injection is managed so that the reaction of the liquid A and liquid B in the ground can be confirmed.
(4) Reinjection when the reaction effect is insufficient.
(5) The above is automatically performed.
(6) In the characteristic of a known technique that the ground can be consolidated with high strength using the A liquid and the B liquid as injection solutions, if these A and B liquids are in direct contact, they react non-homogeneously and instantaneously freeze. Improves the drawbacks of the known art and effectively incorporates only the above properties.
[0014]
When the liquid A containing water glass as a main component and the liquid B containing an alkaline earth metal chloride as a main component are reacted, precipitation of an alkaline earth metal hydroxide is instantaneously generated and immediately gelled. Therefore, if such A liquid and B liquid are injected into the ground as they are, they are only firmly and non-uniformly consolidated around the injection pipe, and at most, the effect is about the same as that of the spring water. .
[0015]
In actual construction, when liquid A and liquid B are separately injected into the ground in an economical range of about 1 m in diameter, the pressure around the injection pipe is increased to 1 to 5 MN / m. ² Although one of the liquid A and the liquid B pushes out the other liquid, the reaction becomes insufficient and non-homogeneous. For this reason, sufficient consolidation strength cannot be obtained. However, a considerable amount of the injected solution is left unreacted due to excess and deficiency of both solutions in the ground. In order to solve such problems, the present inventor paid attention to the following gelation characteristics of the liquid A and the liquid B.
[0016]
The liquid A and the liquid B react instantaneously to form a gel, so that the permeability is low. However, the gel is a dehydrating (compressible) gel in which fibrous silica-calcium is intertwined. That is, when the gel is compressed, it dehydrates to form a high strength gel of silica-calcium. Liquid A itself is highly viscous (stock solution is 200 cps and decreases to 10 cps or less by dilution), but liquid B exhibits a lower viscosity than water glass at the same chemical equivalent, although it depends on the concentration.
[0017]
Therefore, after injecting the liquid A into the ground and then injecting the liquid B having a lower viscosity than the liquid B, the water glass is left on the contact surfaces of the soil particles and the water glass is pushed outward at a large interval. Permeates, and an instantaneous white precipitate is formed at the contact surface between the liquid A and liquid B. If this reaction is performed in a pressurized state, a large strength is obtained by the dehydration effect. However, if the injection target region is not in a restrained state, the liquid A and the liquid B deviate in the desired direction and the reaction is performed in a chemical equivalent manner. For this reason, reliable consolidation is impossible. That is, if the A liquid and the B liquid are separately injected, it is possible to inject them widely, but the liquid A and the liquid B are reacted in a solid state without excess or deficiency so as to surely obtain a predetermined effect in the ground. It is difficult to tie. The present inventor has obtained the epoch-making effect of the drawbacks of the conventional injection methods of such A liquid and B liquid by the following method.
[0018]
(A) The order of injection of liquid A and liquid B is as follows.
(1) After injecting A liquid, inject B liquid.
(2) After injecting B liquid, inject A liquid.
(3) Inject liquid A and liquid B alternately.
(4) Inject solution A and solution B simultaneously.
[0019]
(B) Confirm the reaction in the ground and use the following confirmation method.
(1) Until the injection pressure rises and injection becomes difficult, or until the specified pressure range is reached.
(2) Until the ground uplift occurs or the set allowable limit is reached.
(3) Until the prescribed injection volume is reached.
[0020]
(C) Ground injection is carried out by the following injection method that enables the restraining effect.
(1) The injection process of liquid A and liquid B is performed by moving the injection stage from top to bottom.
(2) Simultaneous injection of liquid A and simultaneous injection of liquid B are performed from the discharge ports of the plurality of liquid A injection lines and the discharge ports of the plurality of liquid B injection lines.
(3) Simultaneous injection of liquid A and simultaneous injection of liquid B are performed from a plurality of discharge ports of the liquid A injection line and a plurality of discharge ports of the liquid B injection line.
(4) Inject at least one of liquid A and liquid B from the columnar infiltration space.
[0021]
(D) Ground injection is performed using an injection management method capable of confirming the quantitative relationship of the A liquid and B liquid in the ground and the restraining effect.
[0022]
FIG. 1 is a flow sheet for explaining a specific example of the ground injection method according to the present invention, which is mainly composed of a central management part X, an injection liquid pressurizing part Y, an injection liquid distribution part Z, and an injection part W. The flow rate pressure detectors f and P are disposed in the infusate liquid feeding system S.
[0023]
In FIG. 1, injection liquids (A liquid and B liquid) to be injected into the ground 4 are introduced into the conduit 8 from the injection liquid tank 2 of the injection liquid pressurizing unit Y, pressurized by the grout pump 1 and pressurized. The liquid is sent as liquid to the infusate distributor Z through the conduit 8. The central management unit X includes a centralized management device X1 having an injection monitoring board X2 as an essential component. The grout pump 1 receives an instruction from the central control device X1 and pressurizes the injected liquid to a desired pressure. The grout pump 1 may be a pump having an inverter 3 or a continuously variable transmission, or a pump having a return device RA. The inverter 3 and the continuously variable transmission can directly adjust the flow rate and set it to a predetermined pressure value without receiving an instruction from the central control device X1. The return device RA can also be adjusted directly to return the pressure in the conduit 8 so that the desired pressure is maintained. The adjustment described above may be performed manually.
[0024]
As shown in FIG. 1, the return device RA automatically adjusts the return amount of the injected liquid to the return line R so that the fluid pressure in the conduit 8 becomes a desired pressure in response to an instruction from the central control device X1. . However, as shown in FIG. 3, a flow rate pressure control device 10 independent from the central control device X1 is provided, and thus the return amount is automatically adjusted so that the fluid pressure in the conduit 8 maintains a predetermined pressure. Good.
[0025]
This will be described in detail with reference to FIG. 8. A desired pressure or flow rate on the conduit 8 side is set in the flow rate pressure control device 10. Then, the injection liquid passes from the injection liquid tank 2 of the injection liquid pressurizing unit Y to the distribution device 6 through the conduit 8. At this time, in the conduit 8, the pressure gauge P ₀ And / or flow meter f ₀ In this way, the pressure or flow rate of the injected liquid is measured. This data is transmitted to the flow pressure controller 10, and the flow pressure controller 10 transmits a signal based on this data to the return device RA. In response to this signal, the return device RA moves the shaft 12 of the reversible motor 13 forward and backward in the direction of the arrow and adjusts the area of the opening of the return pipe R to return the injected liquid to the return pipe R. The amount is adjusted, and the pressure or flow rate on the conduit 8 side is set to a desired set value.
[0026]
Moreover, it can replace with the grout pump 1 of FIG. 1, and can also use the compressor 3 as FIG. 2 shows. In this case, as shown in FIG. 2, the injection liquid from the injection liquid tank 2 is first filled in the pressurized container 3 </ b> A, and then the injection liquid in the pressure container 3 </ b> A is pressurized and pressurized by the operation of the compressor 3. Use as injection. In the present invention, the flow rate refers to the injection flow rate per unit time, for example, the injection flow rate per minute or the total injection flow rate during the injection time (integrated flow rate).
[0027]
The infusate distribution unit Z includes a plurality of infusate feeding systems S, S. Each of the plurality of liquid feeding systems S, S... S is branched from the injection liquid pressurizing unit Y through the distribution device 6, and has connecting portions 7, 7. .. Are connected to injection pipes 5, 5... 5 of the injection part W embedded in the ground 4. And the pressurization injection liquid from the pressurization part Y is distributed to each liquid feeding system S, S ... S via the distribution apparatus 6, and passes through the injection pipe line 5 and several different injection | pouring points 5a in the ground 4 Are injected at the same time. Here, the different injection points 5 a are openings in the ground 4 of the different injection pipes 5, 5... 5, not shown, but openings in different injection stages of the same injection pipe 5. It can also be. A stop valve 9a is attached to each liquid feeding system S, S. The stop valve 9a can manually close the liquid feeding system S when the injection is completed, and is automatically opened and closed by an electric signal from the central control device X1, although not shown. In addition, the three-way cock is used as a water inlet when the inside of the liquid feeding system S is washed through the liquid feeding system S after the liquid feeding is finished. Furthermore, it is used also when the injection solution of the liquid delivery system S that has been injected is returned to the injection solution tank 2.
[0028]
In addition, although not shown in figure, the distribution apparatus 6 can also be equipped with a stirring apparatus. Further, each of the liquid feeding systems S, S... S can be branched directly from the conduit 8 of the injection liquid pressurizing unit Y without going through the distribution device 6. Furthermore, although not shown in figure, the some liquid feeding system | strain S, S ... S can also be connected with the injecting liquid pressurization part Y each independent. The plurality of independent infusion liquid pressurizing sections may be a plurality of infusion liquid pumps, or an infusion liquid pressurizing section that drives the piston drive bodies of a plurality of pumps that are driven simultaneously by a single driving body. In addition, a plurality of liquid feeding systems can be communicated with a plurality of pumps, respectively. In this case, the injections at the injection points of the plurality of injection pumps and the plurality of liquid supply systems are injected in a one-to-one correspondence, and the injection data of the plurality of injection points is displayed on the screen of the injection monitoring board X2 of the central control device X1. The injection is managed by batch monitoring.
[0029]
Here, the return device RA in FIG. 1 will be described.
Flow rate pressure detector f provided in the conduit 8 of the injection liquid pressurizing part Y ₀ , P ₀ The flow rate signal or pressure signal of the infusate detected from is sent to the central control device X1. Based on these signals, the central control device X1 instructs the return device RA so as to reach a preset pressure in the conduit 8 (corresponding to the pressure in the distribution device 6), and diverts the injected liquid to the return line R. Alternatively, by instructing the inverter 3 to control the grouting pump 1, the liquid feeding to the liquid feeding system S is maintained at an instantaneous flow rate and / or pressure of a desired set value.
[0030]
In addition, in the injection liquid pressurization part Y of FIG. 1, return system RS and flow volume pressure detector f ₀ , P ₀ As shown in FIG. 3, the flow pressure control device 10 is used independently from the central management device X1 of the central management unit X, that is, without being connected to the central management device X1 as shown in FIG. Thus, the injection liquid can be maintained at a desired instantaneous flow rate or pressure. In this case, as shown in FIG. 8, the return system RS can control the return system RS so that the liquid supply pressure set by the flow rate pressure control device 10 becomes the same, regardless of the instruction from the central management device X1. it can.
[0031]
The branch valve 11 shown in FIGS. 1, 3 and the like used in the present invention adjusts a predetermined aperture or aperture provided in each of a plurality of liquid feeding systems S, S... S branched from the distributor 6. This refers to the channel portion to be obtained. That is, an example of an orifice having a constant aperture or an example of an aperture adjusting device 11 that can adjust the aperture of the aperture is given as an example. In any case, the injection liquid on the upstream side of the branch valve 11 has a function of maintaining a pressure higher than that on the downstream side by the injection liquid pressurizing unit Y and being sent to the injection pipe 5. In the branch valve 11 of FIG. 1, as shown in FIG. 9, the shaft 12 of the reversible motor 13 is moved in the forward / reverse direction, that is, in the direction of the arrow by the electrical signal from the central control device X1, and the injection solution is the same as in FIG. The flow rate of the injection liquid in the liquid delivery system S flowing from the pressurizing unit Y to the injection pipeline 5 is adjusted. Even in such a branch valve 11 capable of adjusting the throttle, the principle of the relationship between the orifice having a constant diameter and the pressure or the flow rate is the same. The branch valve 11 in FIG. 1 may be an orifice O having a constant diameter as shown in FIG.
[0032]
Here, the pressure P of the injection liquid in the injection liquid pressurizing part Y of FIGS. 1 and 3 ₀ The relationship between the flow rate f and the injection pressure P sent to the injection line 5 through the orifice O in the liquid delivery system S will be described.
[0033]
5 and 6 show the pressurized infusate (pump pressure = P in the distributor 6 of FIG. 7). ₀ ) From the orifice O, a flow path having a stop valve 9a is provided on the downstream side of the orifice O, and the stop valve 9a is throttled so that the downstream pressure P and the flow rate f from the orifice are detected by the flow pressure detector f, It is the graph measured by P.
[0034]
From FIG. 5 and FIG. 6, the pump pressure P of the grout pump ₀ Is sufficiently higher than the resistance pressure P, the flow rate f is determined by the resistance pressure P and the diameter of the orifice O, and even if the resistance pressure P varies, the flow rate f hardly varies. Also, resistance pressure P and pump pressure P ₀ It can be seen that the flow rate f rapidly decreases when the difference becomes smaller within a certain range.
[0035]
6 branches from the distribution device 6 of the apparatus shown in FIG. 3, and the branch valves 11, 11... 11 of these liquid delivery systems 6, 6. A flow rate test similar to that described above was performed using such an apparatus, and the results are shown in Table 1. Test conditions are pump pressure P ₀ : 30kgf / cm ² , Orifice diameter: φ2.0 mm, number of branch valves: 6, flow rate f: flow rate f (l) for 3 minutes, resistance pressure P: pressure downstream of branch valve 11 (corresponding to injection pressure), 6 feeds Flow rate f when all liquid systems S, S ... S are opened in air ₀ : 15 l / min.
[0036]
Table 1 shows the flow rate by changing the downstream pressure P variously by attaching a stop valve 9 to the flow path of the liquid delivery system S downstream of the orifice, that is, downstream of the branch valve 11 and narrowing some stop valves. It is the measurement result which measured f.
[0037]
[Table 1]

[0038]
Even if the pressure P of the valve V1 is changed from Table 1, 20 kgf / cm ² It can be seen that the flow rate f hardly changes until. The pressure is P ₀ : 30kgf / cm ² It can also be seen that the flow rate f decreases as it approaches, and finally becomes zero. It can also be seen that the flow rate from the other valves does not change even if the flow rate of the V1 valve changes or the flow rate of the V1 valve becomes zero. This is because it is automatically controlled by the flow pressure controller.
[0039]
In addition, during the injection, even if the resistance pressure at the injection point in some liquid delivery systems becomes high and the flow rate is lower than other discharge ports, the flow rate is detected in a centralized control device by the flow rate pressure detector. The For this reason, even if the end point of injection of a predetermined injection volume differs for each liquid delivery system, the desired injection volume is completed for each liquid delivery system by managing the injection time for each liquid delivery system. Can be managed until.
[0040]
FIG. 9 shows a cross-sectional view of a specific example of the branch valve 11 (throttle adjusting device) in FIG. The throttle adjusting device 11 receives an instruction from the central control device X1, moves the shaft 12 in the direction of the arrow by the operation of the reversible motor 13, and squeezes the injected liquid fed into the liquid feeding system S by the shaft 12, Has the function of adjusting the aperture. In other words, the throttling is adjusted so that the injection liquid being fed in the liquid feeding system S maintains a predetermined pressure range and / or instantaneous flow rate range, and the liquid pressure of the liquid feeding system S is adjusted to a desired pressure range and / or Or hold in the instantaneous flow rate range. Note that a constant flow rate such as an orifice can maintain a constant flow rate and cannot change the flow rate, but if the branch valve 11 is used as described above, the flow rate of the liquid delivery system S can be automatically adjusted.
[0041]
In addition, as shown in FIG. 7, when the orifices O having different diameters are arranged in parallel and switched to the orifices having different diameters by the stop valve (four-way cock) 9a, or when a plurality of orifices are used simultaneously, injection is in progress. The flow rate can be changed according to the injection condition. In this case, the four-way cock 9a can be switched manually or by an electric signal from the centralized management device X1, although not shown.
[0042]
That is, the injection liquid in the injection liquid tank 2 in FIG. 1 is injected from the injection liquid pressurizing unit Y through the liquid supply system S through the injection line 5 into the ground 4 via the conduit 8. In the case where the throttle adjusting valve is used, according to the injection state of each liquid feeding system S during the injection, as shown in FIG. Is maintained at a desired pressure and / or flow rate. The branch valve 11 serves to branch the injection liquid from the distributor 6 to the liquid delivery system S, and is therefore expressed using the term branch.
[0043]
The injection liquid is pressurized and fed to the liquid delivery system S via the injection liquid pressurizing unit Y, and then, as shown in FIG. 9, the upper and lower portions of the throttle adjusting device 11 (branch valve 11) installed in the liquid delivery system S. The flow path is narrowed by a shaft 12 that is freely movable. Assuming that the cross section of the flow path narrowed by the shaft 12 is A, the instantaneous flow rate q of the injected liquid flowing through the flow path A is the pressure P ₀ And P ₁ When the difference in pressure is within a certain range, the pressure P upstream of the shaft 12 ₀ (Pressure of conduit 8 by injection liquid pressurizing part Y) and pressure P in injection pipe 5 ₁ Differential pressure of (ground injection pressure) ΔP = P ₀ -P ₁ It depends on. The larger the differential pressure ΔP and the larger the flow path A, the larger the instantaneous flow rate q. Further, q approaches zero as ΔP approaches zero.
[0044]
Therefore, ground injection pressure P ₁ As the injection pressure rises and the injection pressure rises and ΔP decreases, the instantaneous flow rate q can be maintained within a predetermined range by increasing the flow path A, or the flow path A can be instantaneously decreased by decreasing the flow path A. Reduce the flow rate, P ₁ Suppression of the ground can be suppressed and the deformation of the ground can be reduced.
[0045]
These adjustments are made for each liquid delivery system S. That is, by changing the pressure of the injection liquid pressurizing unit Y and the opening degree of the flow path A by adjusting the shaft 12 of the throttle adjusting device 11, the injection pressure for each liquid supply system S according to the injection situation The instantaneous injection volume can be adjusted. Even if the pressure rises, the instantaneous injection volume is reduced, and the pressure is kept low until the pressure reaches a predetermined level. Alternatively, the predetermined volume of injection is injected while minimizing ground displacement. It becomes possible.
[0046]
More specifically, referring to FIG. 9, a desired pressure value and / or flow value is set in advance in the central control device X1, and in this state, the actual pressure value is determined from the pressure gauge P and / or the flow meter f. And / or the flow rate value is sent to the central control device X1. The throttle adjusting device (branch valve) 11 includes a reversible motor 13 so that the actual pressure value and / or flow rate value approaches the set value and maintains the same value according to the instruction of the central control device X1. Is rotated forward or backward, the shaft 12 is moved up and down to adjust the opening, and the flow rate to the injection line 5 is adjusted.
[0047]
Thereby, not only is the discharge amount and / or discharge pressure of the injection liquid supplied from each liquid supply system S to the injection pipeline 5 maintained in a desired range, but also a plurality of liquid supply systems S, S. -Even if any of S stops injection | pouring, the discharge amount and / or discharge pressure of each remaining liquid feeding system S are also hold | maintained in the desired range.
[0048]
FIG. 10 is a simplified block diagram of an example in which the liquid A and the liquid B are passed through the injection pipes 5 and 5 in parallel as injection liquids and merged in the ground 4, and FIG. 11 is a detailed flow sheet thereof. In this case, the flow pressure detectors f and P of the plurality of liquid supply systems S are connected to the central management device X1 of the central management unit X, and from the central management device X1 to the respective branch valves (throttle adjustment devices) 11. Give instructions. 10 and 11, a plurality of liquid feeding systems S, S... S are connected to the distribution device 6. A branch valve that is an orifice may be used as the branch valve 11. Although not shown, it is also possible to perform simultaneous injection of liquid A and simultaneous injection of liquid B from a multiple injection pipe having a plurality of pipe lines with the injection holes spaced apart or the discharge ports shifted in the axial direction.
[0049]
In addition, the flow rate detector f of FIG. ₀ , F can be any flow meter such as a rotary flow meter, an electromagnetic flow meter, etc., and electrical signals output in pulses are input to the centralized management device X1 and counted. Flow rate detector f ₀ And / or pressure detector P ₀ Or, the inverter 3 is controlled by an instruction from the central control device X1 to the injection liquid pressurizing unit Y based on information from the flow rate detector f and / or the pressure detector P, and the rotational speed of the grout pump 1 is adjusted. Flow rate per minute f ₀ And injection pressure P ₀ Thus, the flow rate of the liquid delivery system S is controlled. Similarly, based on information from the flow rate pressure detectors f and P of the liquid delivery system S, the flow rate of the liquid delivery system S is controlled by adjusting the throttle opening of the branch valve 11 according to an instruction from the central control device X1.
[0050]
In this way, the injection solution is supplied from one conduit 8 to a plurality of liquid supply systems S, S... S with a predetermined set flow rate or set pressure of the pressurized injection solution or with a flow rate or pressure within a limit range. Then, the liquid is injected into the plurality of injection pipes 5, 5,. As a result, a wide range of ground is improved quickly and reliably.
[0051]
Further, the stop valve 9 or 9a (or the three-way cock) can be operated by hand, but can also be operated by the central control device X1 by a signal circuit. And the above-mentioned flow rate detector f ₀ And / or pressure detector P ₀ 1 or based on information from the flow rate pressure detectors f and P, that is, the flow rate detector f and / or the pressure detector P, the on / off of the stop valve 9 and the injection liquid pressurization shown in FIG. The three-way cock 9a performs switching control to the return line R leading to the injection liquid tank 2 of the part Y and further switching to the flushing line. Further, the connection of the liquid feeding systems S, S... S to the other injection pipes 5, 5,.
[0052]
In the present invention, in FIG. 1, each of the liquid feeding systems S, S... S is provided with flow pressure detectors f and P and branch valves 11, 11. In addition, the present invention is characterized in that the data is displayed on the injection monitoring board X2. The injection monitoring board X2 includes “time data” such as injection date and time, injection block number, injection hole number, “location data” such as injection point, injection pressure, and flow rate (unit time flow rate and "Injection data" such as (integrated flow rate) is displayed. In addition, as described later, infusion solution identification data and ground (or structure) displacement data can also be displayed.
[0053]
In FIG. 1, the ground injection solution is supplied from the injection pressurizing unit Y through the conduit 8, the return system RS, and the distribution device 6, through a plurality of injection solution supply systems S, S. When simultaneously injecting into each of the injection points 5a, 5a... 5a, the flow rate and / or pressure of the injection solution detected from the flow rate pressure detectors f and P of the plurality of liquid supply systems S, S. The data is transmitted to the centralized management device X1 and displayed on the screen of the injection monitoring panel X2 to display the construction status. By such a screen display of data, the injection status is collectively monitored by managing the injection status, and the first improved block and the second improved block are formed in the ground 4 as shown in FIG. The Liquid A and liquid B are injected separately in the same injection region. That is, the injection stage is shifted while repeating the simultaneous injection of the A liquid and the simultaneous injection of the B liquid from the top to the bottom, and the ground is strengthened in layers while being constrained at the upper part by the consolidated plate.
[0054]
FIG. 3 is an explanatory diagram of a specific example of the apparatus according to the present invention. The injection solution from the injection solution tank 2 is controlled to a constant pressure by the grout pump 1 and the pressure flow control device 10 in the conduit 8 and is introduced into the distribution device 6, and then is divided into a plurality of liquid supply systems S, S. Are injected into the injection points 5a, 5a,... 5a through the injection pipes 5, 5,... The Liquid A and liquid B are injected separately in the same injection region. At this time, the flow rate signals and / or pressure signals detected by the flow pressure detectors f and P are transmitted to the central management device X1 of the central management unit X, displayed on the screen of the injection monitoring panel X2, and batch monitoring of the injection status is performed. Do.
[0055]
A printer X4 is connected to the daily report generating device X3 (personal computer) and the daily report generating device X3 to the centralized management device X1, and a daily report is generated by the daily report generating device X3 and printed out by the printer X4.
[0056]
3 will be described with reference to FIG. 4 showing an operation flow chart of the central management device X1. In FIG. 3, first, the pressure specification value (appropriate pressure range), the specified injection amount (appropriate integrated injection amount range) of the injection specification file for No. 1 to No. 10 of the liquid feeding systems S, S. That is, a desired injection pressure and flow rate (flow rate per unit time and / or integrated flow rate) are preset in the central control device X1 (system specification setting registration), and then No. 1 to No. 10 of the central control device X1. The start switch 14 is turned on to start data recording.
[0057]
At this time, the construction display panel X5 is also turned ON by the lamp 15. In the injection monitoring board X2, the injection data from the injection liquid feeding systems S, S... S are displayed on the screen, and when these data reach the set values, the central control device X1 outputs a completion signal. While this is displayed on the injection monitoring board X2, the completion state is displayed on the construction display board X5 with the lamp 15, and a signal for closing the stop valve 9 of the liquid feeding systems S, S.
[0058]
After the injection of all the liquid supply systems S, S... S is completed, the recording of data by the central control device X1 is completed by turning off the start switch 14 of the central control device X1. Based on these recorded data, a daily report creation device X3 creates a report such as a daily report and prints it out with a printer X4.
[0059]
In FIG. 3, the centralized management device X1 records and monitors the flow rate or pressure data from the flow rate pressure detectors f and P respectively disposed in the 10 liquid supply systems S, S. In addition, the device X1 completes the injection according to the preset specified pressure value (or specified pressure range), specified instantaneous flow rate value (or specified instantaneous flow rate range), and specified integrated injection amount (or specified integrated injection amount range). Automatic judgment is made.
[0060]
The details are as follows.

[0061]
Injection monitoring:
Accumulated injection volume data and pressure data are monitored with the specified injection volume and pressure registered based on the injection specification file. When the injection pressure is equal to or higher than the specified pressure, or when the injection amount (integrated flow rate) reaches the specified integrated injection amount (specified integrated flow rate), the central control device X1 outputs a stop valve 9 closing signal. At the same time, the lamp is turned on to indicate completion. (Completion by pressure regulation or completion by regulation injection amount is displayed on the screen.)
[0062]
Monitoring screen:
The data for the 10 liquid A and 10 B liquid delivery systems shown in FIG. 3 (40 data in total including flow rate, pressure, integrated flow rate, and maximum pressure) are displayed on a single screen on the injection monitoring panel X2. indicate. FIG. 12 shows the injection state of the A liquid. When the switch is pressed, the screen is switched to the injection state of the B liquid, and the B liquid hole numbers 01a to 10a to be injected corresponding to the A liquid hole numbers 01 to 10a. Is displayed.
[0063]
The screen of FIG. 12 will be described in detail as follows.
Upper two screens:
Group 1: Integrated flow of No.1 to No.5, maximum pressure digital display
(Left side 5 liquid feeding system in Fig. 3)
Group 2: Integrated flow of No. 6 to No. 10, digital display of maximum pressure
(Right-side 5 liquid delivery system in Fig. 3)
The integrated flow rate is an injection amount for 20 minutes. The maximum pressure was displayed every 30 seconds, and the maximum value from 19 minutes 30 seconds to 20 minutes was displayed. If the maximum pressure continues to be higher than the set pressure, it is judged that the injection of the liquid delivery system is finished. Further, when the integrated flow rate reaches the set integrated flow rate, it is determined that the injection of the liquid feeding system is finished.
[0064]
Lower half 2 screens:
Group 3: Flow and pressure trend display for No. 1 to No. 5
(Left side 5 liquid feeding system in Fig. 3)
Group 4: Flow and pressure trend display of No. 6 to No. 10
(Right-side 5 liquid delivery system in Fig. 3)
The left side of each of the two screens shows the instantaneous flow rate and instantaneous pressure chart corresponding to the passage of time (t) in each liquid delivery system, and the right side shows the average instantaneous flow rate (l / min) from 19 minutes 30 seconds to 20 minutes. And mean instantaneous pressure (MPa).
[0065]
In this way, as shown in the screen of FIG. 12, the liquid feeding statuses of the liquid feeding systems No. 1 to 10 are simultaneously displayed on the injection monitoring panel X2, but the screen is switched for each liquid feeding system. Can also be displayed. Note that the set pressure, the actual pressure, the liquid supply flow rate to the distribution device 6, and the integrated liquid supply flow rate in the flow rate pressure control device 10 may be displayed on the same screen or different screens. Thereby, the relationship between the fluid pressure in the distributor 6 and the pressure and flow rate of the plurality of fluid delivery systems S, S... S can be grasped in real time, and the injection can be managed so as to be within a predetermined setting range. . In FIG. 12, the pressure and flow rate in the conduit 8 of FIG. 3 may be displayed instead of the maximum pressure. Furthermore, the central management device X1 can also create forms such as injection specification files, injection result lists, injection charts, daily schedules, weekly schedules, monthly schedules, and analysis data.
[0066]
The injection specification file is an operation setting file (system specification setting in FIG. 4) of the central control device X1, and sets the specified pressure value and the specified injection amount for the injection completion conditions of the injection liquid feeding systems S, S. Do. Further, the restriction of the branch valve 11 of the injection liquid feeding system S, the adjustment of the inverter 3 of the grout pump 1 in the injection liquid pressurizing unit Y, and the adjustment of the return system RS for keeping the fluid pressure in the distribution device 6 at the set value. Create an injection specification to do this. Each form file is converted and created from the recorded data of flow rate, pressure, integrated flow rate or maximum pressure and data by manual input such as hole number or automatic input. Further, the analysis data is converted and created from each form data.
[0067]
In the screen of FIG. 12, one for each liquid delivery system, for example, for each injection point in the injection hole shown in FIG. At the same time, pressure, flow rate, and chart can be displayed.
[0068]
Furthermore, for example, block No. 1, injection hole No. 3 (for A liquid) and No. 3a (for B liquid) in FIG. 13 are shown in FIG. As described above, the injection pressure P, the flow rate Q, and the integrated flow rate (l) with respect to time t can be displayed for each stage.
[0069]
Further, for each injection hole, the ratio of the actual integrated flow rate to the design integrated flow rate of each stage is calculated, and as shown in FIGS. 15 and 16, the horizontal plane for each stage for each injection region section (FIG. 15). A vertical plane (FIG. 16) is shown in a plane, whereby a zone with insufficient injection can be identified, and the region to be reinjected can be known. 15 and FIG. 16 will be described in detail. First, a design value (calculated value) of the B liquid with respect to the A liquid is determined in advance. Next, the actual value of the B liquid is measured, and the ratio of the actual value of the B liquid to the design value is obtained as a percentage for each injection hole and for each stage. FIG. 15 shows the distribution of the injection ratio in the horizontal plane, and FIG. The distribution of the injection ratio of the surface was expressed. For example, the injection hole 1 in FIG. 15 is 90 to 70%, the injection hole 2 is 100 to 90%, the injection hole 6 is 30% or less, and the stage 1 of FIG. 16 injection hole No. 4 is 90 to 70%. The stage 3 of the injection hole No. 5 is 100 to 90%, and the stage 1 of the injection hole No. 6 is 30% or less. 16 is a cross-sectional view taken along line AA in FIG.
[0070]
FIG. 17 is an example of a screen in which injection pressure distributions and integrated flow rates at a plurality of injection points (each injection stage) in the vertical direction in the ground are represented on the injection monitoring board X2. In FIG. 17, the integrated flow rate at each injection stage is also displayed. Therefore, by this screen display, the injection pressure and the integrated flow rate at each injection stage are displayed on one screen, and the injection is managed by collective monitoring. FIG. 17 will be described in detail. First, 350 liters of solution A was injected for each stage. The average injection pressure at this time is 1 kgf / cm ² It is. The injection amount of this A liquid 350l is not only the actual injection amount but also the design injection amount. On the other hand, the design injection amount of the B liquid is 350 l because it reacts with the A liquid 350 l without excess or deficiency. Here, limit injection pressure of B liquid is 10kgf / cm ² It is prescribed. Next, when the liquid B is injected after the injection of the liquid A 350 l, the injection pressure is 2 kgf / cm in the stage 1 even though the liquid B having an integrated flow rate of 350 l is injected. ² Met. That is, in stage 1, liquid B could be injected in a desired amount within the limit injection pressure range. On the other hand, in stage 2, liquid B has an integrated flow rate of 100 to 200 l and an injection pressure of 10 kgf / cm. ² And no more injections were made because the limit injection pressure was exceeded. The same applies to the stages 3 and 4. Thus, in FIG. 17, the distribution state in the vertical direction of the actual injection amount of the B liquid and the maximum pressure after the A liquid injection is clearly shown.
[0071]
FIG. 18 is an example in which the integrated injection amount of the horizontal cross section at a specific injection stage in the ground is planarly displayed on one screen. By this screen display, the integrated flow rate at each injection point in a specific injection stage is displayed on one screen, and injection is managed by collective monitoring. 18 also clearly shows the distribution state of the actual injection amount of the B liquid and the maximum pressure in the horizontal section after the injection of the A liquid, as in FIG.
[0072]
FIG. 19 is an example of a screen in which the injection pressure distribution of the B liquid after the A liquid injection at a plurality of injection points in the ground is three-dimensionally displayed on the injection monitoring board X2. By this screen display, the injection pressure at each injection stage is displayed three-dimensionally, and injection is managed by three-dimensional batch monitoring. Similarly, the integrated flow rate can also be displayed three-dimensionally to manage the injection status.
[0073]
For example, the region where the injection pressure has increased excessively and the injection amount was insufficient can be grasped in three dimensions. In this case, the injection pressure is reduced and reinjection is performed until a predetermined amount is injected. Furthermore, it is possible to grasp that the injection pressure is too low even though a predetermined amount of injection has been performed. In this case, it can be found that the injection has deviated or the set value is too low. The injection effect can be ensured by taking measures such as injecting the optimal integrated flow rate by changing
[0074]
FIG. 20 shows an example in which injection is performed on the injection point 5a of the liquid A injection pipe and the liquid B injection pipe by using the injection pipe 5 configured by bundling a plurality of thin tubes and using the injection system similar to FIG. Similarly to FIG. 3, the pressurized injection liquids A and B from the injection liquid pressurizing unit Y are supplied to the distributors 6 and 6, respectively, and are supplied via a plurality of liquid supply systems S, S. It inject | pours into the several different injection | pouring points 5a, 5a ... 5a in the ground 4 simultaneously. That is, the A liquid and the B liquid are injected simultaneously for each stage. That is, the A liquid injection capillaries Ti1 to Tin and the B liquid injection capillaries Ti1 to Tin are connected to form 12 bundling injection capillaries, n bundling injection capillaries are arranged in the injection region, and the injection stage is shifted. However, simultaneous injection of the A liquid and simultaneous injection of the B liquid from the injection thin tubes Ti1 to Tin for the A liquid and the thin injection pipes Ti1 to Tin for the B liquid are performed simultaneously or at different times.
[0075]
As the injection conduit 5 configured by bundling a plurality of thin tubes used in FIG. 20, for example, an injection conduit 5 (bundled injection capillary 5) shown in FIG. 21, the injection pipe 5 is configured by bundling a plurality of thin tubes 17, 17,... 17 so that the position of the discharge port 16 at the distal end is arranged at a different position in the vertical direction.
[0076]
The injection pipe line 5 is inserted into the drilling hole 18 of the ground 4, and is further embedded in the ground 4 by filling a seal 19 in the drilling hole 18. The injection liquid discharged from the discharge port 16 penetrates into the ground 4 from the ground wall 4a and is consolidated.
[0077]
The plurality of infusate feeding systems S, S... S are provided with flow pressure detectors f and P, respectively. The flow rate and / or pressure data of the injection liquid detected from these detectors f and P is transmitted to the central management device X1, and the injection management is performed by collectively monitoring the injection status by recording data and displaying the screen. Similarly to FIG. 1, the flow pressure detector f is also connected to the conduit 8. ₀ , P ₀ Is provided.
[0078]
In general, alluvium is stagnant horizontally, so the hydraulic conductivity in the horizontal direction is larger than that in the vertical direction. Therefore, in FIG. 20, the soil layer of the first stage has substantially the same hydraulic conductivity near any discharge port, for example, medium sand, and the soil layer of the nth stage also has almost the same hydraulic conductivity near any discharge port. For example, fine sand.
[0079]
Further, in the present invention, the A and B liquids are supplied from the injection liquid pressurizing unit Y shown in FIG. 3 through the plurality of injection liquid supply systems S, S. 5a... 5a, injecting a representative injection hole in a predetermined injection section of the ground 4 at the same time, and measuring the appropriate pressure, flow rate and integrated flow rate at each injection stage of this representative injection hole. Is set in the central management device X1, and injection at each injection stage in a predetermined injection section is performed based on the set value.
[0080]
Appropriate pressure, flow rate, and integrated flow rate in each of the above-described injection stages are measured by measuring the pressure and flow rate with the central control device X1. In this case, the appropriate pressure, flow rate, and integrated flow rate can be determined by adding the measurement value obtained by the actual injection to the measurement value obtained by the injection test and correcting the value.
[0081]
Specifically, when the ground injection is performed using the system of FIG. 3, the return amount is adjusted by the central control device X1, and the injection pressure is changed from the low pressure to the high pressure with time to obtain a pressure-flow rate curve. . For example, as shown in FIG. 13, the injection region is divided into arbitrary blocks on a plane, for example, in FIG. 13, it is divided into four blocks, and one injection hole (for example, block No. 1) representing one block ( For example, injection hole No. 5) is selected as the test injection hole.
[0082]
At each stage of this test injection hole (No. 5) or at a representative stage, prior to injection, a water injection test or an injection test with an injection solution having a long gelation time was performed, and P- A q curve (curves 1 and 2), ie a P (injection pressure P) -q (flow rate 1 / min) curve is drawn.
[0083]
In FIG. ₁ Up to the point, the injection speed and the injection pressure are in a proportional relationship, and ground destruction does not occur and complete osmosis injection is achieved. But O ₁ ~ O ₂ Up to the point, the injection speed (flow rate) and the injection pressure are not proportional to each other, and partial splitting occurs, but there is no decrease in injection pressure at which the ground breaks down and the injection solution escapes. This O ₂ The point injection pressure is the limit injection pressure P _ro , Limit water injection rate (or limit injection rate) (flow rate) q _r0 And In this way, the limit injection pressure P at which the ground breaks down _r0 And critical injection flow q _r0 (Injection rate) can be known.
[0084]
As described above, it is possible to know the limit injection pressure and the limit injection speed (flow rate) that can be injected without destroying the ground in each stage, thereby knowing the appropriate injection pressure range or the appropriate injection speed range of each stage. it can. This numerical value is stored in the central management device X1 of the central management unit X, and the injection is managed at the stage so as to maintain this appropriate range.
[0085]
As shown in the operation flow chart of the centralized management apparatus in FIG. 4, when the integrated flow rate reaches this appropriate range, the injection at the injection point is completed at that time. Also, if the appropriate injection pressure is exceeded before the set integrated flow rate is reached, the injection at that stage is also terminated. The set value of the appropriate injection pressure or injection rate can be corrected while the injection process is in progress. The reason for this is that during the injection process, during the injection of the same stage, due to the influence from another injection stage, and further due to the partial penetration of the injection liquid from other injection holes, an interference effect is caused.
[0086]
Also, by selecting the injection order of the injection points, or by selecting the injection order of the injection blocks, the ground is strengthened by the preceding injection, so that the subsequent injection increases the injection pressure by the restraining effect. Can be injected without destruction. The same applies to reinjection when the injection amount is insufficient.
[0087]
In FIG. 22, curve 1 is an injection test result, and the injection test result of the first liquid (A liquid: for example, a water glass aqueous solution) is almost similar because it does not cause gelation. On the other hand, curve 2 is the injection result of the second liquid (B liquid: for example, calcium chloride aqueous solution). Since the second liquid reacts with the first liquid in the ground, the pressure increases. The same tendency occurs when the first liquid is the B liquid and the second liquid is the A liquid. Furthermore, in FIG. ₁ Up to the point, there is a linear relationship, but F ₁ ~ F ₂ Although it is not a straight line between the points, it has not yet been destroyed. Therefore, F ₂ P at point _rf The limit pressure, q _rf Is the critical injection flow rate. In this way, the final limit injection pressure and limit injection flow rate (injection rate) are respectively P _rf And q _rf The design injection amount (integrated flow rate) is injected within this limit. These values are stored in the central control device X1, and when the design flow rate is injected, the injection is terminated. If the limit injection pressure is reached before the design flow rate is reached, the injection is terminated at that point. To do. In this way, it is possible to obtain a reliable injection effect by setting an optimum range for the injection process.
[0088]
If the injection pressure does not increase at all during the injection, or if the injection pressure is increased too quickly during the injection and the injection is stopped, the injection is expected to be insufficient. It is also possible to cut the target or plane and re-inject into that region. In addition, even if the injection is completed by injecting a predetermined amount, if it is determined that the injection is insufficient from the state of the injection pressure, the setting can be changed and the injection can be continued. You can also. In addition, even if the injection pressure exceeds the set value during injection and an injection interruption signal is given, if it is determined that the injection is insufficient from the injection volume, the injection pressure is changed or the injection pressure is changed to manual injection. It is also possible to continue the injection, and it is also possible to continue the injection by lowering the set value of the instantaneous injection amount.
[0089]
Furthermore, in FIG. 20, the soil layer of the first stage has substantially the same water permeability, but the flow rate (q) of each of the discharge ports 1 to n varies somewhat. For this reason, the time required for completing the predetermined injection at each discharge port is different. For this reason, a predetermined electromagnetic valve operates sequentially from the discharge port where the instruction from the central control device X1 and the injection are completed, and the stop valve 9 is turned off. (It may be a manual valve or not an electromagnetic valve.) Even if several valves are closed, the flow rate from the remaining discharge ports is kept the same by the return device RA. Of course, depending on the case, the return device can be adjusted by an instruction from the central control device X1, or the injection speed and the injection pressure can be adjusted by adjusting the inverter.
[0090]
In this manner, a slab that is planarly achieved for each stage is formed by permeation consolidation by simultaneous injection from the discharge port. This consolidated layer is continuously formed from the first stage to the nth stage. Furthermore, the permeation consolidation by simultaneous injection from the discharge port can be formed in the vertical direction, and further, can proceed simultaneously in both the horizontal direction and the vertical direction. It is also possible to selectively inject from a discharge port or from a discharge port opened in a portion having a large water permeability.
[0091]
Here, in FIG. 20, the number n of thin tubes T is set to n = 100, the orifice diameter of the branch valve 11 is set to 1.0 mm, and the liquid feed flow rate detector f ₀ = 150 l / min, capillary (T ₁ ~ T ₁₀₀ ), The branch pressure gauge P of the flow pressure detectors f and P is simultaneously injected from the discharge port located in the first stage. ₁₁ Is 2kg / cm ² , Branch flow meter f ₁₁ Is 1.5 l / min, pressure detector P ₀ = 30kgf / cm ² Indicates. P ₁ r ₀ = 5kgf / cm ² , Qr ₀₁ = 4.0 l / min. P ₁ rf = 7.5kgf / cm ² (P ₁ r ₀ 1.5 times). Narrow tube T ₁₁ Planned injection quantity Q ₁₁ Is Q ₁₁ = 100 l. P during injection ₁ Injection pressure of 3.0kgf / cm ² Within, average injection rate q ₁ = 100 l injection completed at 1.5 l / min.
[0092]
As described above, the soil layer of the first stage has substantially the same water permeability, but the flow rate q of each discharge port 1 to n varies somewhat. For this reason, the time required to complete the predetermined 100 l injection at each discharge port is different. For this reason, a predetermined electromagnetic valve (stop valve 9) is operated and turned off sequentially from the discharge port where the instruction from the central control device X1 and the injection are completed. In FIG. 1, when the grout pump 1 having the inverter 3 is used without using the return device RA, when several valves, for example, 10 valves, that is, 10% of the valves are turned off, the remaining outlets are discharged. The flow rate increases and the pressure detector P ₀ The injection pressure increases. In order to correct this and return to the appropriate pressure range and the appropriate flow rate range, the central control device X1 instructs the injection liquid pressurizing unit Y, adjusts the inverter 3 to reduce the flow rate by 10%, and the flow rate detector f ₀ The flow rate per minute is 135 l / min, and the average injection rate from the remaining outlets is 1.5 l / min. However, as shown in FIG. 3, when the flow rate pressure control device 10 is used, the return device RA always provides a constant pressure P. ₀ = 30kgf / cm ² Therefore, it is possible to inject at the same flow rate until the last one.
[0093]
Further, when the number of discharge ports is the same and the injection speed q is kept constant, the injection pressure increases as the injection progresses and the gelation in the ground progresses. Furthermore, in the case where there is a restraining effect due to injection from the preceding injection point, the injection pressure similarly increases. In this case, the injection pressure is the limit point P _1rf = 7.5kgf / cm ² If the injection amount is reached, even if the injection is completed without the discharge amount reaching the predetermined injection amount, it is considered that a sufficient injection effect is obtained. Therefore, P _1rf = 7.5kgf / cm ² Is input as the limit value, the electromagnetic valve (stop valve 9) is turned off by the instruction from the central control device X1, and the injection of the discharge port is completed. However, depending on the injection status, the set value may be changed or the injection may be continued by switching to manual operation.
[0094]
At the same time, when the injection pressures of some of the discharge ports reach a limit or reach a predetermined injection amount, the average injection speed of the remaining discharge ports is determined by an instruction from the central control device X1 to the injection liquid pressurizing unit Y. The inverter 3 is controlled so that the value falls within a predetermined range, and the flow rate detector f ₀ The process of reducing the flow rate and continuing the injection is repeated. Of course, if the return device RA is used, the last one can be automatically injected under the same conditions.
[0095]
In this way, permeation consolidation by simultaneous injection from the discharge port is achieved planarly for each stage to form a slab. This consolidated layer is continuously formed from the first stage to the nth stage. Furthermore, the permeation consolidation by simultaneous injection from the discharge port can be formed in the vertical direction, and further, can proceed simultaneously in both the horizontal direction and the vertical direction. It is also possible to selectively inject from a discharge port or a discharge port opened in a portion having a large water permeability.
[0096]
The principle of the injection method is to replace the water in the soil particle gap with the injection solution. For this reason, in the simultaneous injection method, even if simultaneous injection is performed from a large number of outlets to a large volume of soil, if the soil water loses its escape space due to the injected liquid, water pockets are created in the ground, or the injected liquid is water. Once diluted, the intended injection cannot be achieved. In order to prevent this, as shown in FIG. 23, the assumed improved blocks (1), (2), (3), (4), (5) having substantially the same soil conditions on the ground 4 to be consolidated. First, from a plurality of discharge ports (not shown), first, the ground improvement water is excluded from the block by simultaneously injecting into the assumed improvement blocks (1) and (2) determined at intervals, and then the assumed improvement block (3 ), (4), and (5) are simultaneously injected in the same manner as described above to remove the groundwater from the block, and then the whole is consolidated in order and the same soil layer is consolidated while releasing the groundwater. At this time, in order to allow groundwater to escape effectively, drainage materials such as drainage pipes, paper drains, and sand columns may be installed in the ground at predetermined positions in the injection region. Alternatively, it is also possible to induce the directionality of the injected liquid by using the groundwater absorbed by the pump through the drainage material.
[0097]
Also, as shown in FIG. 24, when the injection region is divided into several blocks, the injection sequence is set so that the groundwater can easily escape, and when a predetermined injection pressure or a predetermined integrated injection amount is reached, Fully automatic injection is possible by injecting so as to shift to the injection of the block. Depending on the purpose of injection and the ground conditions, the ground can be effectively strengthened by selecting the injection order so that the preceding injection section constrains the injection section to be injected later.
[0098]
In general, the dispensing device 6 becomes difficult to operate due to an excessive pressure immediately when the pumped solution is rapidly fed into the dispensing device 6 by a pump. On the other hand, as shown in FIG. 25, the infusion solution return system RS, that is, the pressure detector P is connected to the conduit 8 leading to the orifice O (which may be a throttle adjusting valve). ₀ By providing the injection liquid return device RA, the return line R, and the flow rate pressure control device 10, the injection pressure P is gradually increased while the grout pump 1 is started in a normal operation state. ₀ The injection pressure P while grasping the discharge amount from the liquid feeding systems S, S. ₀ The injection operation can be performed safely and easily. Since the cylindrical annular distribution device 6 shown in FIG. 25 distributes the pressure in the distribution device 6 equally, the discharge amount to each liquid feeding system S becomes accurate. The pressure detector P ₀ Can also be provided in the distribution device 6.
[0099]
FIG. 26 is a flow sheet of another specific example of the infusion solution return system RS. A plurality of grout pumps 1 are used in parallel, and the infusion pressure P ₀ Or can be injected simultaneously from a large number of injection lines. Accordingly, the present invention enables rapid construction by installing several tens or 100 or more of the liquid feeding systems S, S... S in the ground at once. For example, permeation between soil particles becomes possible with a low discharge rate of 1 to 5 l / min per discharge port. That is, when 100 discharge ports are simultaneously injected as one discharge port 3l, an injection pump of 300 l / min is required.
[0100]
However, a chemical injection pump of 300 l / min is difficult to obtain. However, by using the system of FIG. 26, it is possible to inject 10 liquid injection pumps of 30 l / min into one set and inject from 100 discharge ports at once. Moreover, by using the infusion solution return system RS, the constant pressure P can be maintained even if the number of discharge ports varies from a large number of discharge ports without adjusting the discharge amount of each pump. ₀ Thus, the automatic injection can be continued with a predetermined discharge amount, and the use of the above-described return device makes it possible to put to practical use of such an innovative injection method.
[0101]
In the ground injection construction method according to the present invention described above, the plurality of injection liquid feeding systems branch from the following (a), (b) or (c), that is, (a) the injection liquid pressurizing unit, b) communicating with each of a plurality of independent infusion liquid pressurizing sections, and (c) communicating with each pump of the infusion liquid pressurizing section that simultaneously drives the piston drive bodies of a plurality of pumps by a single driving body. Consists of
[0102]
Specifically, (a) is branched from the injection liquid pressurizing unit Y via the distributor 6 as shown in FIGS. 1, 3, and others, or although not shown, the conduit of the injection liquid pressurizing part Y 8 is directly branched and connected to an injection line 5 in the ground 4.
[0103]
In (b), a plurality of injection outer tubes having a large number of discharge ports covered with rubber sleeves in the axial direction are installed in the ground 4 and an injection inner tube having a double packer is inserted into each of the plurality of injection outer tubes. Let it be an injection line 5 according to the present invention. By injecting the injection solution into the ground 4 while moving the injection stage through the injection pipeline 5, the injection is performed simultaneously from a plurality of injection points 5a. At this time, the injection starts and ends in each injection pipeline 5 While performing the steps up to the above, the injection status is displayed on the injection monitoring board X2 of the central control device X1 and managed collectively and recorded, and then recorded for each injection point 5a of each injection pipe 5 Output to daily schedule and manage data without confusion.
[0104]
In the above (b), the liquid A and the liquid B are combined and injected using a multi-tube rod, or the liquids A and B are combined and injected for a short time, and then the liquid A and the liquid B are injected. Alternatively, the above injection may be repeated for each stage while the multi-tube rod is moved. That is, a plurality of multi-tube rods are simultaneously injected into a plurality of injection points 5a, and the injection into each multi-tube rod is managed through the individual injection process from the beginning to the end, and the entire injection situation is collectively managed for data processing. To do.
[0105]
In the above (c), the injection pipeline 5 is arranged in the ground 4 as shown in FIG. 20 using the injection pipeline 5 shown in FIG. 21, and a plurality of each of the injection pipelines 5, 5,. The injection liquid supply systems S, S... S are configured to communicate with each other. In this case, many piston drive members in the injection liquid pressurizing part Y are driven by one drive source.
[0106]
That is, a rotary shaft driven by a single drive source (motor) includes a large number of cams, and is constituted by a large number of unit pumps whose pistons operate according to the respective cam drive systems. Communicate with the grid. Of course, a plurality of injection liquid feeding systems S, S... S can be communicated with the respective injection pipelines 5 in the above-described injection method (b).
[0107]
In addition, in the above-mentioned (a) and (b), the injection pipe 5 (including the outer injection pipe and the inner injection pipe) is provided with an elastic coating such as a bag or rubber, and has a curable liquid, water, Gas (inert gas such as nitrogen, air, etc.) or the like may be injected through the flow path for the packer to inject the ground injection liquid after causing the packer effect. In this case, data related to the press-fitting of the packer fluid (packer fluid press-fitting data) is sent to the central control device, and the screen is displayed for injection management. That is, the fluid type, press-fit pressure, packer position, etc. are data.
[0108]
Here, using the apparatus according to the present invention shown in FIG. 10 or FIG. 11, an aqueous solution containing water glass as the active ingredient as the A liquid, and an alkaline earth metal chloride such as calcium chloride and magnesium chloride as the B liquid, An aqueous solution containing a polyvalent metal chloride such as aluminum as an active ingredient is injected into the ground 4 through different conduits 8 and 8 as follows, and the A and B liquids are reacted in the ground 4 to solidify the ground 4. An example is shown.
[0109]
(1) After injecting A liquid, inject B liquid.
(2) After injecting B liquid, inject A liquid.
(3) Inject A liquid and B liquid alternately.
(4) Inject A liquid and B liquid simultaneously.
[0110]
In the above description, the flow rate signal or pressure signal detected by the flow rate pressure detectors f and P of the infusate delivery system S is transmitted to the central control device X1 to inject each of the infusate delivery systems S, S. The situation is grasped, and these injection statuses are displayed on the injection monitoring panel X2 to perform batch monitoring and injection management. At this time, specifications are set for the flow rate range, pressure range, and / or integrated flow rate range in the centralized management device X1, and repeated injection is performed until either of the following phenomena occurs at the injection points 5a of both the A and B liquids.
[0111]
(1) Injection reaches a predetermined pressure range or injection amount.
(2) The injection pressure rises and injection becomes difficult, or the injection pressure reaches the set limit.
(3) Ground uplift occurs or the ground uplift reaches the set limit.
[0112]
Alkaline earth metal chloride as the B liquid reacts with the water glass grout to form a precipitate instantaneously. This precipitate releases water by pressurization and is compressed into a firm gelled product.
[0113]
By the way, the construction method using a solution type water glass grout has been known as the Josten construction method for a long time. Since this reaction occurred instantaneously, it had to be reacted in the ground using a separate injection tube. However, the problem in this case is that the permeation range is narrow because only the periphery of the injection tube is consolidated. Furthermore, since the water glass aqueous solution (A liquid) and the aqueous solution such as calcium chloride (B liquid) are separately injected into the ground, the liquid injected earlier is pushed out of the injection range by the liquid injected later. For this reason, the chemical equivalent reaction in the ground cannot be achieved, and it is not practically used at present.
[0114]
However, according to the present invention, the injection ground is divided into a plurality of injection regions having substantially the same ground conditions, and each of the injection sections is injected simultaneously through a plurality of injection liquid feeding systems S, S. The injection pressure, the instantaneous injection amount or the integrated injection amount can be comprehensively managed for each of the liquid feeding systems S, S... S, and for each injection section. For this reason, both A and B liquids can be injected almost as a whole in terms of chemical equivalents as a whole.
[0115]
In addition, since it shows that the injection pressure became high, it solidified firmly, and, as for the range of setting pressure, a lower limit is 10 kgf / cm, for example ² As described above, the upper limit value is the pressure before the pressure drop during the injection, that is, the pressure before the ground breakage, or the pressure at which the ground uplift occurs or the ground uplift reaches the set limit value.
[0116]
When the injection reaches these limit values, the injection is completed or interrupted. However, when the injection amount of any of the liquids A and B has not reached the set value, the set value is changed and then continued. Inject or re-inject. In this case, the solidified part must be destroyed and the injection solution penetrated to the outside, so that even if the initial injection pressure becomes excessive, it subsequently decreases. Accordingly, in the specification setting for reinjection, or in the setting of the changed specification for subsequent injection, the flow rate is low (for example, f = 5 l / min), the injection pressure is increased, and the integrated flow rate is insufficient.
[0117]
The upper limit of the injection pressure in the case of injecting until there is no ground uplift and the injection becomes difficult is the pressure detector P of the injection liquid pressurizing part Y ₀ Pressure P at ₀ For example, 30kgf / cm ² It is. Therefore, the specification setting for the injection pressure P is P = 10-30 (= P ₀ ) Kgf / cm ² It becomes. That is, when the injection pressure P of the injection liquid delivery system S increases greatly, the flow rate f decreases and P ₀ When reaching to f = 0, the injection is interrupted. Therefore, the specification setting regarding the flow rate is f = 5 to 0 l / min.
[0118]
For further injection, pressure P ₀ Can be raised. In this case, it is possible to continue the injection while switching from the middle to the manual state and checking the state of the ground uplift. For example, in the apparatus of FIG. 3, a ground uplift sensor is installed on the ground surface. In this case, when the ground uplift range is set in advance as 5 to 20 mm in the specification settings, the electrical signal from the ground uplift sensor is transmitted to the central control device X1, and if the uplift exceeds 20 mm, the infusion solution delivery system Injection from S is discontinued. However, if the ridge is within the range of 5 to 20 mm, this is an acceptable range, and the ridge within the range indicates that the reaction for ground strengthening is surely performed. In addition, by providing this ground sensor in a structure near the injection region, the injection can be managed so that the displacement of the structure falls within an allowable range.
[0119]
Furthermore, in the present invention, injection of any one of the plurality of injection liquid supply systems S, S... S is completed and connected to the next injection pipe 5 or the injection pressure is higher than the limit value. In the case of re-injection after interruption of injection, the liquid supply system S is washed with water in order to prevent the injection liquid from gelling in the liquid supply system S. In this case, it is necessary to set a characteristic for determining whether the amount of liquid to be injected or the amount of water to be washed.
[0120]
The characteristics indicating the difference between water and the injected liquid are, for example, pH, electrical conductivity, density, and the like. Therefore, a sensor relating to these, that is, a pH meter, an electrical conductivity meter, a density meter, and the like may be provided in the infusion solution feeding system S.
[0121]
Among these, when the density meter is illustrated, a radiation source for irradiating the injection liquid passing through the liquid delivery system S with radiation is disposed on the outer wall of the injection liquid delivery system S. Further, a radiation detector for detecting the transmission intensity or reflection intensity of the radiation is disposed on the outer wall of the liquid feeding system S facing the radiation source. Furthermore, an arithmetic unit for calculating the concentration of the injected liquid from the detected value is provided to provide a concentration measuring device.
[0122]
The radiation source is a gamma ray source, and in this case, the radiation detector is a gamma ray detector. The computing unit is configured to calculate the concentration of the injected liquid from the ratio of the incident intensity and the transmitted intensity of the gamma rays or the ratio of the reflected intensity.
[0123]
Furthermore, the radiation source can also be a neutron source, in which case the radiation detector is a neutron detector. The computing unit is configured to calculate the concentration of the injected liquid from the ratio between the incident intensity and the transmitted intensity of the neutron beam or the ratio of the reflected intensity.
[0124]
The calculated concentration of the infusion solution or data indicating this concentration is continuously transmitted to the central control device X1 and converted into the density or concentration of the infusion solution by the arithmetic control unit (cpu) in the central control device X1. Records in the central management device X1 at predetermined time intervals. Then, the density of the infusion solution is set in the range of 1.6 to 2.2, for example, and this data is displayed on the screen of the infusion monitoring panel X2 together with the data of FIG. 9 and the chart of FIG. At this time, the flow rate outside the set specification, that is, the density lower than 1.6 is subtracted from the integrated injection amount to obtain the true injection liquid integrated injection amount.
[0125]
In addition, a conductivity measuring device is installed in the liquid delivery system, and the measured value data is transmitted to the centralized control device by measuring the conductivity during the liquid delivery. The amount can be grasped.
[0126]
FIG. 27 is a graph showing the state of change in conductivity when the water glass concentration of the injection liquid (liquid A) containing water glass as a main component is changed. Distilled water has a conductivity of 0.01μ and tap water has a conductivity of 119.5μ. Therefore, in FIG. 1 and FIG. 3, even when the infusion solution delivery system S that has been infused is washed with water or when the gel is clogged in the infusion solution delivery system, the detected value is 1 ms / cm or less. If so, the injection solution is identified as the wash water, and the injection amount is grasped. Note that this conductivity varies depending on the injection liquid or the washing water, and therefore, a range to be measured and identified in advance may be recognized and registered in the system specification setting in FIG.
[0127]
As described above, by detecting the pH, conductivity, concentration, and the like of the injection solution, it is possible to identify what characteristics of the injection solution are being injected. Therefore, the injection liquid data such as the type, concentration, and composition of the injection liquid can be transmitted to the central management device X1, and the injection management can be performed as the injection liquid data.
[0128]
An observation well is provided in the ground, and by measuring the pH value, conductivity, etc. in this observation well, it is found that the injected liquid flows into the water by concentrating the data. It transmits to the management apparatus X1, these are displayed on screen as influence data, and injection | pouring can be interrupted based on this and the influence on irrigation water can be prevented.
[0129]
Similarly, the above-described ground displacement or structural displacement can be transmitted to the central control device X1, and when the limit value is reached, the injection can be interrupted to prevent the influence. Therefore, these can be injected and managed as influence data.
[0130]
【The invention's effect】
As described above, in the present invention, when simultaneously injecting the A liquid and the B liquid from a plurality of injection liquid delivery systems to a plurality of different injection points, respectively, a plurality of injection liquid delivery systems are provided with flow rate pressure detectors, respectively. The injection flow rate signal or pressure signal detected from the detector is sent to the central control unit, and the injection status is monitored by recording the data and displaying it on the screen. In order to improve the ground by injecting the injection solution from the plurality of injection pipes into the target soil layer, the injection solution is simultaneously, automatically or selectively with the optimum set flow rate or set pressure. Injecting, thereby improving a wide range of ground quickly and reliably.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a flow sheet of a specific example of an injection management apparatus according to the present invention.
FIG. 2 is an explanatory diagram of another specific example of the injection liquid pressurizing unit Y in the injection management apparatus of FIG.
FIG. 3 is a flow sheet showing an example of an actual specific example of an injection management apparatus according to the present invention.
FIG. 4 is an operation flow chart of the centralized management apparatus.
FIG. 5 is a graph showing the relationship between the resistance pressure P at the orifice diameter of 2.0 mm and the flow rate f from the orifice for each pump pressure.
FIG. 6 is a graph showing the relationship between the resistance pressure P and the flow rate f from the orifice when the orifice diameter is 2.5 mm, for each pump pressure.
FIG. 7 is an explanatory diagram configured to switch the orifices arranged in the liquid feeding system in parallel.
FIG. 8 is an explanatory view showing a specific example of the position of automatic flow rate adjustment by the return device RA of the injected liquid flowing through the conduit 8 in FIG. 1;
FIG. 9 is an explanatory view showing a specific example of automatic flow rate adjustment by a branch valve of the injection liquid flowing through the liquid delivery system S in FIG.
FIG. 10 is a block diagram of an example of an injection management apparatus according to the present invention, in which A and B liquids are used as injection liquids, and these AB injection liquids are merged in the ground.
FIG. 11 is a specific example of an injection management apparatus according to the present invention, which is a flow sheet of an example in which A and B liquids are used as injection liquids and these AB injection liquids are merged in the ground.
12 is an example of a screen display in which an integrated flow rate and a maximum pressure, and a flow rate and a pressure for 10 liquid supply systems are displayed on an injection monitoring panel using the injection management apparatus of FIG. 3;
FIG. 13 is an example of a screen display showing four injection block sections No. 1 to 4 in the injection area on the injection monitoring board.
FIG. 14 is a graph (chart) showing the flow rate and injection pressure in the ground stage Nos. 1 to 3 on an injection monitoring board.
15 is an example of a screen display in which an injection ratio distribution in block No. 1 and stage 1 in FIG. 6 is represented as a horizontal plane on an injection monitoring board.
16 is an example of a screen display showing the vertical plane AA in FIG. 15 on an injection monitoring board.
FIG. 17 is an example of a screen display showing the injection pressure and integrated flow rate in the ground stage Nos. 1 to 4 on the injection monitoring board.
FIG. 18 is an example of a screen display showing the injection amount of the injection liquid on the horizontal surface of the ground on the injection monitoring board.
FIG. 19 is an example of a three-dimensional screen display in which the injection pressure of the ground is three-dimensionally displayed on the injection monitoring board.
FIG. 20 is another specific example of the injection management apparatus according to the present invention, and is a flow sheet of an example of injecting into the first injection block and the second injection block, respectively.
FIG. 21 is a cross-sectional view of a specific example of the position of the injection conduit in which the thin tubes 17 (T) used in FIG. 20 are bundled.
22 is a graph showing the relationship between the flow rate q of the injection liquid and the injection pressure P. FIG.
FIG. 23 is an explanatory view showing a specific example of an injection process according to the present invention.
FIG. 24 is an explanatory view showing another specific example of the injection process according to the present invention.
FIG. 25 is an explanatory view showing another specific example of the injection liquid pressurizing unit and the injection liquid distribution unit of the injection management device according to the present invention.
FIG. 26 is an explanatory diagram showing another specific example of the injection liquid pressurizing unit of the injection management device according to the present invention.
FIG. 27 is a graph showing a change in conductivity of an injection solution using a silica solution.
[Explanation of symbols]
1 Grout pump
2 Injection tank
3 Inverter
4 ground
5 injection lines
5a Injection point
6 Dispensing device
7 Connecting part
8 conduit
9 Stop valve
9a Stop valve
10 Flow pressure controller
11 Branch valve
12 Syaft
13 Reversible motor
14 Start switch
15 Lamp
X Central Management Department
X1 Centralized management device
X2 injection monitoring board
X3 daily report creation device
X4 printer
X5 construction display panel
Y injection liquid pressurizing part
RS return system
RA return device
R return line
f ₀ Flow detector
P ₀ Pressure detector
Z injection solution distribution part
S liquid delivery system
f Flow rate detector
P Pressure detector
W injection part

Claims (3)

Liquid A containing water glass as the active ingredient and liquid B containing alkaline earth metal chloride as the active ingredient are separately injected into the ground through different infusion liquid feeding systems, and these are reacted in the ground. In the ground injection method for consolidating the ground, a flow rate detector and / or a pressure detector is disposed in the infusion solution feeding system, and a central management unit is provided, and the flow rate detector and / or the pressure detector The detected flow rate signal and / or pressure signal is transmitted to the central management unit to record and display the signal data. These A liquid and B liquid are any of the following (1) to (6). In addition, until one of the following phenomena (a) to (d) occurs, the ground is further restrained by any of the following (1) to (4) From different injection points in Ground grouting method, characterized by at injection.
(Injection method)
(1) After injecting A liquid, inject B liquid.
(2) After injecting B liquid, inject A liquid.
(3) Inject A liquid and B liquid alternately.
(4) Inject A liquid and B liquid simultaneously.
(5) Any one of the above (1) to (4) is repeatedly injected.
(6) Either one of the above (1) to (4) is used in combination, or the combination is repeatedly injected.
(Phenomenon caused by injection)
(A) Until a predetermined pressure range is reached.
(B) Until the injection pressure rises and injection becomes difficult.
(C) Until ground uplift occurs.
(D) Until a predetermined injection volume is reached.
(Restricted injection of injection target area)
(1) The A and B liquid injection stages are transferred from the top to the bottom.
(2) A plurality of injection lines for the A and B liquids are installed, and the A and B liquids are injected simultaneously or with a time difference from these discharge ports.
(3) Inject at least one of the A and B liquids from the columnar penetration space.
(4) Inject these (1) to (3) together.   In Claim 1, the displacement of the ground injection region and its vicinity, or the displacement of the structure on the ground is measured, and the A and B liquids are injected based on the measured values, and the injection management of the A and B liquids is performed. The ground injection construction method according to claim 1.   3. The ground injection region and the vicinity thereof, or a structure on the ground is provided with a displacement sensor, and information from the displacement sensor is transmitted to the central management unit to transmit the ground injection region and the vicinity thereof, or the structure. The ground injecting method according to claim 2, wherein the ground is inspected by the displacement of the A and B liquids, and the infusion and consolidation of the A and B liquids is managed.

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