JP4183608B2 - Blood purification equipment - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to a blood purification apparatus, and more particularly to an improved structure of a blood purification apparatus in which blood taken from a patient's body is purified by a dialyzer and returned to the body again.

  In recent years, a so-called artificial kidney has been widely used as a blood purification device for purifying a patient's blood in order to treat patients with renal failure and maintain life. In such a device, a dialyzer (dialyzer) in which a semi-permeable membrane such as a hollow fiber cellulose membrane, a cuproammonium rayon membrane, a polyacrylonitrile membrane or the like is accommodated in a box is used. In the dialyzer, urea, uric acid, water, etc. accumulated in the patient's blood are dialyzed and removed by bringing the patient's blood into contact with the dialysate through the semipermeable membrane in the dialyzer. Thus, such blood is purified.

  In addition, a conventional blood purification apparatus having such a dialyzer generally has a blood supply channel having a blood introduction port connected to the blood inflow side of the dialyzer, while the blood return channel is connected to the blood outflow side of the dialyzer. The flow paths are connected, and a blood pump is provided on the blood supply flow path among these flow paths. An arterial puncture needle and a venous puncture needle are respectively attached to the blood introduction port of the blood supply flow channel and the end portion of the blood return flow channel, and the arterial puncture needle is attached to the blood supply flow channel. Is punctured upstream of the patient's shunt blood vessel, while the venous puncture needle attached to the blood return channel is punctured downstream of the patient's shunt blood vessel, so that a blood circuit can be constructed. It has become.

  Thus, in the blood purification apparatus constituting such a blood circuit, the blood to be purified introduced from the blood introduction port into the blood supply channel through the arterial puncture needle is caused by the action of the blood pump. After being pumped into the dialyzer and purified, the purified blood is drained from the dialyzer into the blood return channel, and the venous puncture needle provided at the tip of the blood return channel It is designed to be returned to the patient.

  In such a conventional blood purification apparatus, for example, an arterial chamber and a venous chamber each having a filtration network or the like disposed therein are respectively disposed on the blood supply channel and the blood return channel, When the blood purification operation is performed, the blood in each of the flow paths is temporarily stored in each chamber, and air mixed in the blood is removed, and a filtration network or the like disposed inside is used. The blood purification operation can be performed safely by filtering the blood in each chamber and capturing and removing the thrombus in the blood.

  By the way, after completion of the blood purification operation of the patient using such a blood purification device, it is necessary to perform a blood recovery operation to return the blood remaining in the device to the body of the patient. Puncture the patient without removing the arterial puncture needle and the venous puncture needle from the patient after the blood purification operation is completed in order to reduce the burden on the patient and to improve the efficiency and safety of the blood collection operation. For example, the following Patent Document 1 proposes a device for performing a blood collection operation as it is.

  That is, in the blood purification device disclosed in Patent Document 1, a pressure generating means capable of relatively increasing the pressure on the dialysate side in the dialyzer than the pressure on the blood side, and a blood supply channel And a second blocking means for switching the blood return flow path to the communicating / blocking state. After the blood purification operation is completed, the first blocking means is switched to the communicating / blocking state. And the second blocking means controls the communication / blocking state of the blood supply flow path and the blood return flow path while operating the pressure generating means so that the pressure on the dialysate side in the dialyzer is greater than the pressure on the blood side. By so doing, so-called reverse filtration can be performed in which the dialysate is transferred to the blood side through the semipermeable membrane in the dialyzer.

  In such a blood purification apparatus, at the time of blood collection operation, for example, first, the state in which the blood supply flow path is blocked and the blood return flow path is in communication with the first and second blocking means The pressure generating means is operated and reverse filtration is performed, whereby residual blood in the dialyzer and the blood return channel is replaced with dialysate and returned to the patient's body through the blood return channel. Then, the first and second shut-off means are switched, respectively, and the reverse of the operation by the pressure generating means is performed again in a state where the blood supply flow path is in a communicating state and the blood return flow path is in a shut-off state. While the filtration is performed, the blood pump on the blood supply flow path is reversely rotated, so that the residual blood in the blood supply flow path is caused to flow backward from the dialyzer side toward the blood inlet side. Return to the body It is, following Te is the recovery of the total amount of equipment inside the residual blood is made as to be reliably performed.

  However, in such a conventional blood purification apparatus, as described above, during the blood purification operation, the blood flowing through the blood supply channel should be purified by the filtration network in the arterial chamber provided on the blood supply channel. When a configuration in which blood clots can be captured is employed, blood is collected when blood remaining in the blood supply channel is caused to flow backward from the dialyzer side toward the blood inlet side by the blood recovery operation. There has been a risk that thrombus trapped in the filtration network in the arterial chamber during the purification operation may be mixed into residual blood and sent into the patient's body together with the residual blood.

  Further, in the conventional blood purification apparatus, even when an arterial chamber is not provided on the blood supply channel, residual blood in the blood supply channel is removed from the dilator side to the blood inlet side by the blood recovery operation. When the blood flow is made backward, the blood clot formed in the vicinity of the connecting portion between the dialyzer and the blood supply channel may be mixed into the residual blood and sent into the patient's body together with the residual blood.

Japanese Patent Publication No. 5-15464

  Here, the present invention was made in the background of the circumstances as described above, the place to be solved is a thrombus removed during blood purification operation from the blood to be purified, It is possible to effectively prevent thrombus in the residual blood in the blood supply channel from being sent into the patient's body together with the residual blood during the blood recovery operation after the blood purification operation is completed. An object of the present invention is to provide an improved structure of a blood purification apparatus which can be implemented more safely.

  And in this invention, in order to solve this subject, the place made into the 1st aspect is connected to the dialyzer which purifies blood, and this dialyzer, and is purified through the blood inlet. A blood purification apparatus comprising: a blood supply channel for supplying blood to the dialyzer; and a blood return channel connected to the dialyzer and for returning blood purified by the dialyzer to a patient. The flow path includes a main flow path and a bypass flow path connecting the blood introduction port side portion and the dialyzer side portion of the main flow path, and the bypass flow is formed on the bypass flow path. Filtration means for filtering blood circulated in the passage and removing thrombus in the blood is provided, and the blood to be purified is supplied into the dialyzer. Sometimes, the blood is prevented from flowing through the bypass flow path, and the blood is allowed to flow through the blood supply flow path only through the main flow path, while remaining in the main flow path or the dialyzer. When the obtained blood is circulated from the dialyzer side toward the blood introduction port side, the blood flow path in the blood supply flow path is such that the residual blood is circulated through the bypass flow path. The blood purification apparatus is characterized in that a switching mechanism capable of switching between the two is provided on the blood supply channel.

  In the second preferred embodiment of the blood purification apparatus according to the present invention, the filtration means has a mesh of a size that allows the blood to pass but does not allow the thrombus mixed in the blood to pass. Consists of a net.

  Furthermore, in a third advantageous aspect of the blood purification apparatus according to the present invention, the filtering means is disposed on the bypass flow path in a state of being immersed in physiological saline.

  Furthermore, in a desirable fourth aspect of the blood purification apparatus according to the present invention, the blood purification device comprises a hollow member, and the filtration means is accommodated in the inside, and the inside is connected to the first space via the filtration means. A filtration means housing section partitioned into two spaces; a first connection flow path for connecting blood so that blood can flow between the first space of the filtration means housing section and the blood flow inlet side portion of the main flow path; And a second connection flow path for connecting the second space of the filtration means accommodating portion and the dialyzer side portion of the main flow path so that blood can flow therethrough, and the filtration means accommodating portion and the first connection. The flow path and the second connection flow path constitute the bypass flow path, and the switching mechanism allows blood to flow from the main flow path to the filtration means accommodating portion through the first connection flow path. A first regulating means for blocking, and the main connecting channel. A main channel portion between two connection sites of a connection site to a channel and a connection site of the second connection channel to the main channel, the first connection flow from the connection site side to the main channel of the second connection channel And a second restricting means for preventing blood from flowing to the connection site side with respect to the main flow path of the path.

  Further, in another preferable fifth aspect of the blood purification apparatus according to the present invention, the first regulating means arbitrarily opens and closes the first connection flow path, and the filtration means is accommodated through the first connection flow path. An open / close member that allows or blocks blood flow between the main flow path and the main flow path, and allows the flow of blood from the filtration means housing section to the main flow path through the first connection flow path, and Is constituted by any one of check valves that block the flow of blood to the opposite side.

  Furthermore, in another advantageous sixth aspect of the blood purification apparatus according to the present invention, the second restricting means is connected to the main channel of the first connection channel and the main channel of the second connection channel. An open / close member that arbitrarily opens and closes the main flow path portion between the two connection sites, and allows or blocks blood flow between the two connection sites through the main flow channel portion; The blood flowing through the path portion from the connection portion of the first connection flow path to the main flow passage toward the connection portion of the second connection flow passage to the main flow passage is allowed, but the blood to the opposite side is allowed Any one of check valves for preventing the flow of

  Further, in another desirable seventh aspect of the blood purification apparatus according to the present invention, the second regulating means delivers the blood to be purified to the dialyzer in an operating state, while in a stopped state, the The pump means for preventing the blood flow through the main channel portion between the two connection sites of the connection site of the first connection channel to the main channel and the connection site of the second connection channel to the main channel. Is done.

  Furthermore, in another advantageous eighth aspect of the blood purification device according to the present invention, the second connection flow path is arbitrarily opened and closed, and the filtration means accommodating portion and the main flow through the second connection flow path are provided. An open / close member that allows or blocks the flow of blood to and from the passage, and the flow of blood from the main flow path to the filtration means receiving section through the second connection flow path, but to the opposite side Any one of the check valves for blocking the blood flow will be further provided.

  In another ninth advantageous aspect of the blood purification apparatus according to the present invention, an arterial chamber for storing a part of blood in the blood supply channel is provided on the main channel of the blood supply channel. And an auxiliary chamber which is formed of a hollow member and accommodates and arranges the filtering means therein and is partitioned into a first space and a second space via the filtering means, and in the arterial chamber. A tube through which blood can flow, which is inserted and extended, connected at one opening to the inlet of the blood to be purified in the arterial chamber, while at the other opening, the auxiliary chamber And an outlet for allowing the blood to be purified, which is guided through the inlet, to flow out into the arterial chamber, is provided in an intermediate portion of the first chamber. The first pipe and the first pipe are separate from each other through which blood can flow. One of the openings is opened into the arterial chamber, while the other opening is provided with the auxiliary line. A second pipe that is opened in the second space of the chamber, the auxiliary chamber, a portion of the first pipe that is closer to the opening than the outlet, and the second pipe The bypass flow path is constituted by a pipe, and further, provided at the outlet of the first pipe, allowing blood to flow out of the outlet, but inflow of blood from the outlet The switching mechanism is constituted by a check valve for blocking and a restricting means for blocking blood flow from the main flow path to the auxiliary chamber through the first conduit.

  Furthermore, in a preferred tenth aspect of the blood purification apparatus according to the present invention, the restricting means arbitrarily opens and closes the first pipe line so that it is between the main flow path and the auxiliary chamber through the first pipe line. An open / close member that allows or blocks the flow of blood in the tube, and blocks the flow of blood to the opposite side while allowing the flow of blood from the auxiliary chamber to the main flow path through the first conduit. It consists of any one of the check valves.

  Furthermore, in an eleventh aspect of the blood purification apparatus according to the present invention, the second conduit is arbitrarily opened and closed on the second conduit, and the arterial chamber and the auxiliary through the second conduit. An open / close member that allows or blocks blood flow to and from the chamber, and allows blood flow from the arterial chamber to the auxiliary chamber through the second conduit, but to the opposite side Any one of the check valves for blocking the flow will be further provided.

  Moreover, in another advantageous twelfth aspect of the blood purification apparatus according to the present invention, the reservoir is made of a hollow member, and the lower side portion of the inner space stores part of the blood in the blood supply channel. On the other hand, an arterial chamber whose upper side portion is a hollow portion is provided on the main flow path of the blood supply flow path, and is disposed in the arterial chamber so as to extend vertically. An extension channel through which the blood flow can be circulated is connected to the blood inlet of the blood to be purified in the arterial chamber in the lower opening, while the filtering means is attached to the upper opening, In the arterial chamber, the blood to be purified is introduced into the hollow portion of the arterial chamber through the filtering means and guided to the intermediate portion located in the reservoir portion of the arterial chamber through the inflow port. By providing an outflow port that flows out into the chamber, the hollow portion of the arterial chamber, and a portion above the outflow port of the extension channel positioned in the hollow portion, The bypass flow path is configured and further provided at the outflow port of the extension flow path, and allows a blood flow out from the outflow port, but prevents the inflow of blood from the outflow port. And the blood level raising means for raising the blood level in the reservoir to the position of the filtering means in the hollow portion of the arterial chamber, and the switching mechanism is configured, and the residual blood Is circulated from the dialyzer side toward the blood introduction port side, the blood level in the reservoir is changed by the blood level raising means, and the filtering means is arranged in the hollow portion of the arterial chamber. Place By raising up, the accumulating portion of the blood, is filtered through the filtration unit, and be configured to be caused to flow toward the inlet of the arterial chamber.

  Furthermore, in a thirteenth preferred embodiment of the blood purification apparatus according to the present invention, the arterial chamber is configured to have flexibility or elasticity, and the blood liquid level raising means is a hollow portion of the arterial chamber. When the blood to be purified is supplied into the dialyzer, the hollow portion of the arterial chamber is opened by the pressing means. The blood flow through the bypass channel is blocked by pressing from the side to crush and deform the bypass channel consisting of the hollow portion and the upper portion of the extension channel in the hollow portion. When the residual blood is circulated from the dialyzer side toward the blood introduction port side, the pressure on the hollow portion of the arterial chamber by the pressing means is released. Then, by pressing the reservoir of the arterial chamber from the side by the pressing means, the reservoir is crushed and deformed, so that the blood level of the reservoir is changed in the hollow portion of the arterial chamber. It is comprised so that it can raise to the arrangement | positioning position of a filtration means.

  Furthermore, in a desirable fourteenth aspect of the blood purification apparatus according to the present invention, the blood liquid level raising means comprises air discharge means for discharging the air in the hollow portion of the arterial chamber out of the arterial chamber, When the blood to be purified is supplied into the dialyzer, air is stored in the hollow portion of the arterial chamber to prevent the blood from flowing through the bypass flow path, while the residual blood is When the air is circulated from the dialyzer side toward the blood introduction port side, the air discharge means causes the air in the hollow portion of the arterial chamber to be discharged out of the arterial chamber, and the blood in the reservoir portion is discharged. The liquid level is configured to be raised to the position where the filtering means is disposed in the hollow portion of the arterial chamber.

  In short, according to the first aspect of the blood purification apparatus according to the present invention, while the blood purification operation is being performed, the blood to be purified introduced through the blood introduction port passes through the blood supply channel. The blood flow path in the blood supply channel is switched by the switching mechanism so that the blood to be purified can be circulated through the main channel only and supplied to the dialyzer. It is possible to reliably avoid contact with the filtration means provided on the bypass flow path of the blood supply flow path, and such a filtration means captures a thrombus in the blood in the blood supply flow path. Alternatively, the formation of thrombus in the filtering means can be effectively prevented.

  Thereby, in the device of the present invention, after the blood purification operation is completed, the blood remaining in the dialyzer or the blood supply channel is in a direction opposite to the flow direction during the blood purification operation, and blood is introduced from the dialyzer side. When the blood is circulated in the direction toward the mouth side and collected, the blood remaining in contact with the filtering means on the bypass channel causes the thrombus captured during the blood purification operation by the filtering means or the filtering means. It is possible to completely eliminate the formation of thrombus formed in the residual blood.

  Further, in the blood purification apparatus according to the present invention, the blood supply flow is such that when the residual blood inside the apparatus is collected after the blood purification operation is finished, the residual blood is circulated in the blood supply flow path through the bypass flow path. By switching the blood flow path in the passage by the switching mechanism, the blood is collected by the filtering means in the bypass channel during the blood collecting operation, and the thrombus in the residual blood is filtered. Can be captured and removed.

  Therefore, for example, even if an arterial chamber having a filtering means is provided on the blood supply channel, the site where the arterial chamber is disposed is a portion closer to the dialyzer than the bypass channel in the blood supply channel. If present, the filtering means in the arterial chamber may cause the thrombus captured during the blood purification operation to be mixed into the residual blood during the blood recovery operation from the blood to be purified. However, such thrombus can be captured again by the filtering means in the bypass channel.

  Therefore, if the blood purification apparatus according to the present invention as described above is used, blood clots removed during blood purification operation or blood clots remaining in the blood supply channel from the blood to be purified are removed by the blood purification operation. During the blood collection operation after completion, it can be effectively prevented from being sent into the patient's body together with residual blood, and as a result, the blood collection operation can be performed more safely. is there.

  Moreover, according to the 2nd aspect of the blood purification apparatus according to this invention, the thrombus in blood can be removed reliably in a bypass flow path.

  Furthermore, in the third aspect of the device of the present invention, during the blood purification operation, a part of the blood to be purified is erroneously circulated in the bypass channel and brought into contact with the filtering means on the bypass channel. In such a case, since such blood is brought into contact with physiological saline together with the filtering means, it can be advantageously prevented from being clotted, so that it can be filtered in the blood recovery operation. It can be more effectively prevented that the thrombus formed in the means is sent into the patient's body together with the remaining blood.

  Furthermore, according to the fourth aspect of the blood purification apparatus of the present invention, the bypass flow path is simply the first and second connection flow paths, and the filtration in which the respective flow paths are connected to the main flow path. The switching mechanism can also be advantageously configured with a relatively simple structure consisting only of the means containing portion, and the switching mechanism also allows a one-way blood flow from the main flow path to the filtering means containing portion through the first connection flow path. A first restricting means for blocking, and a second restricting means for blocking a one-way blood flow from a connection site side of the second connection channel to the main channel to a connection site side of the first connection channel to the main channel; Therefore, the complicated structure of the entire blood purification apparatus accompanying the addition of the bypass flow path and the switching mechanism can be effectively avoided or suppressed.

  Further, in the fifth and sixth aspects of the device of the present invention, the first and second regulating means for providing the switching mechanism do not have any complicated operation mechanism, and are general opening / closing means and check valves. Thus, the complication of the structure of the blood purification apparatus accompanying the addition of the switching mechanism can be avoided or suppressed even more advantageously.

  Furthermore, according to the seventh aspect of the blood purification apparatus according to the present invention, the one-way blood flow from the connection site side to the main channel of the second connection channel to the connection site side to the main channel of the first connection channel. Since the second restricting means for blocking the flow is constituted by pump means for sending out the blood introduced through the blood introduction port by the dialyzer, a special member or mechanism is used as the second restricting means separately from the pump means. The increase in the number of parts associated with the addition of the second restricting means can be advantageously eliminated.

  Furthermore, according to the eighth aspect of the blood purification apparatus of the present invention, the blood to be purified can be circulated in the blood supply channel through the bypass channel during the blood purification operation. Thus, it can be avoided more reliably, and the blood flow only through the main flow path during the blood purification operation can be realized even more stably.

  Moreover, according to the ninth aspect of the blood purification apparatus according to the present invention, air in the blood in the blood supply channel can be removed by the arterial chamber provided in the main channel, and the blood purification operation In addition, since the filtering means for removing the thrombus in the blood to be purified can be provided in the arterial chamber separately from the filtering means provided on the bypass channel, the filtering means in the blood to be purified Thrombus can be effectively removed.

  Furthermore, in the tenth aspect of the device of the present invention, the regulating means for providing the switching mechanism is constituted by a general opening / closing means, a check valve, etc., which does not have any complicated operation mechanism, Complicating the structure of the blood purification apparatus associated with the addition of the switching mechanism can be advantageously avoided or suppressed.

  According to the eleventh aspect of the device of the present invention, the blood to be purified can be more reliably circulated in the blood supply channel through the bypass channel during the blood purification operation. It can be avoided, and the blood flow only through the main flow path during the blood purification operation can be realized even more stably.

  Furthermore, according to the twelfth aspect of the blood purification apparatus according to the present invention, the hollow portion formed of the upper side portion in the arterial chamber and the portion located in the hollow portion of the tube disposed in the arterial chamber are provided. Since the bypass flow path is configured, the need to separately provide an arterial chamber and a bypass flow path for removing air in the blood is eliminated, whereby the blood purification apparatus accompanying the addition of the bypass flow path The increase in the number of parts and the accompanying complicated structure can be effectively avoided or suppressed.

  Furthermore, according to the thirteenth and fourteenth aspects of the blood purification apparatus according to the present invention, the blood level raising means can be reliably formed with a relatively simple structure.

  Hereinafter, in order to clarify the present invention more specifically, the configuration of the blood purification apparatus according to the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings.

  First, FIG. 1 schematically shows a system diagram showing an embodiment of a blood purification apparatus according to the present invention. In FIG. 1, reference numeral 10 denotes a dialyzer (hemodialyzer) having a structure similar to that of the prior art, in which a hollow fiber-like semipermeable membrane is accommodated inside a cylindrical box. Has been. In addition, a blood supply channel 12 for guiding blood from the patient's body is connected to one end side of the dialyzer 10 in the axial direction, and dialyzed and purified in the dialyzer 10 on the other end side. A blood return channel 14 for returning blood to the patient's body is connected.

  In the blood supply channel 12, the tip opening on the side opposite to the connection side of the dialyzer 10 is used as a blood introduction port 13, to which a known arterial puncture needle (not shown) is attached. Further, the blood return channel 14 also has a blood return port 15 at the tip opening opposite to the connection side of the dialyzer 10, and a known vein side puncture needle (not shown) is attached thereto. It has become.

  Further, a blood pump 16 having a known structure capable of forward / reverse rotation operation is provided on the blood supply flow path 12, and the blood supply flow from the blood inlet 13 by the forward rotation operation of the blood pump 16. After the blood introduced into the passage 12 is sent into the dialyzer 10 and circulated through the dialyzer 10, it is allowed to flow out from the dialyzer 10 into the blood return channel 14. In addition, here, one electromagnetic valve 18 and 19 is disposed in the vicinity of the connection portion between the blood supply channel 12 and the blood return channel 14 with the dialyzer 10, respectively. In response to the opening / closing operation of the electromagnetic valves 18 and 19, the blood flow paths 12 and 14 can be selectively switched to the communication / blocking state.

  Furthermore, an arterial chamber 20 is provided between a portion between the blood pump 16 and the electromagnetic valve 18 on the blood supply flow path 12 and a portion closer to the blood return port 15 than the electromagnetic valve 19 on the blood return flow path 14. One venous chamber 22 and one venous chamber 22 are provided. These arterial and venous chambers 20 and 22 temporarily store blood that can be circulated in the blood supply flow path 12 and the blood return flow path 14, respectively, and remove the air in the blood. It has a structure. Each of the chambers 20 and 22 is provided with a known filtration network (not shown) having a mesh size that allows blood to pass but not blood clots. The blood to be introduced is filtered through a filtration network, and thrombus in the blood can be captured and removed.

  On the other hand, the dialyzer 10 is connected with a dialysate supply channel 24 for introducing fresh dialysate into the dialyzer 10 from a storage tank (not shown), and the blood supply channel in the dialyzer 10 is connected to the dialyzer 10. The blood supplied into the dialyzer 10 through 12 is brought into contact with the semipermeable membrane so as to contain unnecessary substances or harmful substances extracted from the blood by the dialysis and filtration action of the semipermeable membrane. A dialysate discharge channel 26 is connected to discharge the dialysate.

  Although not shown in the drawing, here, the pressure on the dialysate side in the dialyzer 10 in cooperation with the electromagnetic valves 18 and 19 provided on the blood supply channel 12 and the blood return channel 14 respectively. The pressure generating means capable of making the pressure relatively higher than the pressure on the blood side is provided, for example, with the embodiment shown in Japanese Patent Publication No. 5-15464 and the structure shown in FIGS. .

  Thus, in the blood purification apparatus of the present embodiment, the arterial puncture needle and the venous puncture needle are respectively provided in the blood introduction port 13 of the blood supply channel 12 and the blood return port 15 of the blood return channel 14. The arterial puncture needle is attached to the patient's shunt blood vessel (not shown), while the venous side puncture needle is punctured downstream of the patient's shunt blood vessel in the blood flow direction. The flow path 12, the blood return flow path 14, and the dialyzer 10 constitute a blood circuit through which the patient's blood is circulated extracorporeally. In such a blood circuit, the blood to be purified of the patient introduced into the blood supply channel 12 through the blood inlet 13 moves into the blood supply channel 12 as the blood pump 16 rotates forward. To the dialyzer 10 and purified by being brought into contact with the dialysate through the semipermeable membrane in the dialyzer 10, and the purified blood passes through the blood return channel 14 and is then returned to the blood return port. By being returned to the patient's body from 15, the blood purification operation of the patient can be performed.

  In the blood purification apparatus, after the blood purification operation as described above is completed, the pressure generating means is controlled while controlling the opening / closing operations of the electromagnetic valves 18 and 19 on the blood supply channel 12 and the blood return channel 14. , The blood recovery operation for returning the blood remaining in the dialyzer 10, the blood supply flow path 12, and the blood return flow path 14 to the body of the patient can be performed.

  That is, for example, the blood return flow path 14 is first communicated by opening the electromagnetic valve 19 on the blood return flow path 14, while the blood supply flow is closed by closing the electromagnetic valve 18 on the blood supply flow path 12. Under the condition where the passage 12 is blocked, the pressure generating means is operated, and the dialysate side pressure in the dialyzer 10 is increased higher than the blood side pressure, so that the dialysate in the dialyzer 10 is Reverse filtration that is transferred to the blood side through the semipermeable membrane is performed, and the blood remaining in the dialyzer 10 and the blood return flow path 14 is replaced with dialysate. Residual blood in the return channel 14 can be returned to the patient's body from the blood return port 15 through the blood return channel 14. Thereafter, the electromagnetic valves 18 and 19 are switched, and the blood return flow path 14 is blocked by closing the electromagnetic valve 19, while the blood supply is performed by opening the electromagnetic valve 18 on the blood supply flow path 12. Under the state where the flow path 12 is in communication, the pressure generating means operates again to increase the dialysate-side pressure in the dialyzer 10 more than the blood-side pressure, and the blood on the blood supply flow path 12. When the pump 16 is operated in reverse rotation, reverse filtration is performed in the dialyzer 10, and this time, blood remaining in the blood supply channel 12 is replaced with dialysate, and thus the blood supply channel 12. The residual blood can be returned from the blood inlet 13 to the patient's body through the blood supply channel 12.

  Thus, in the blood purification apparatus of this embodiment, after the blood purification operation by the extracorporeal circulation of the patient's blood as described above, the blood remaining in the apparatus is collected and returned to the patient. In order to advantageously carry out the above, a special structure not found in the conventional apparatus is given to the blood supply flow path 12, and there is a great feature there.

  That is, here, the blood supply channel 12 has the main channel 28 and the bypass channel 30, and the blood in the blood supply channel 12 circulates only in the main channel 28 when performing the blood purification operation. On the other hand, the blood collection operation is performed with a structure that allows both the main flow path 28 and the bypass flow path 30 to flow.

  More specifically, the main flow path 28 is made of, for example, one resin tube having flexibility or elasticity, and the blood inlet 13 and the dialyzer 10 with respect to the blood supply flow path 12 by openings at both ends thereof. The blood to be purified, which is introduced from the blood introduction port 13 in accordance with the operation of the blood pump 16 provided in the middle, is disposed closer to the dialyzer 10 than the blood pump 16. The arterial chamber 20 can be guided to the dialyzer 10 through the blood supply channel 12 in a state where air and thrombus in the blood are removed.

  In such a main flow path 28, a pinch valve 31 is installed at an intermediate position between the blood pump 16 and the arterial chamber 20. The pinch valve 31 is configured to open / close an intermediate portion of the main flow path 28 by opening / closing the valve and allow / block the blood flow through the main flow path 28 at the intermediate position.

  On the other hand, the bypass channel 30 further includes a first connection channel 32, a second connection channel 34, and an auxiliary chamber 36. The first connection channel 32 is made of, for example, a flexible or elastic resin tube through which blood can circulate, and branches from a site between the blood pump 16 installation site and the pinch valve 31 installation site in the main channel 28. It is squeezed and extends upward. The second connection channel 34 is also made of, for example, a flexible or elastic resin tube through which blood can flow, and from the site between the pinch valve 31 installation site and the arterial chamber 20 installation site in the main channel 28. It is branched and extends upward. In other words, in the present embodiment, the first connection flow is formed from a part located on the blood inlet 13 side and a part located on the dialyzer 10 side with the pinch valve 31 installation part in the main flow path 28 interposed therebetween. The path 32 and the second connection flow path 34 are respectively branched and extend integrally so as to circulate the blood in the main flow path 28 upward.

  In addition, the auxiliary chamber 36 is formed of a cylindrical body having both ends and having a predetermined volume, and is positioned above the branch portion of the first connection channel 32 and the second connection channel 34 in the main channel 28. In the auxiliary chamber 36, two connection holes 38 and 40 penetrating the auxiliary chamber 36 are formed at a predetermined distance from the lower bottom portion, and the first connection flow path 32 and the second connection are formed. Each upper end portion of the flow path 34 is inserted into the auxiliary chamber 36 through the two connection holes 38 and 40 and fixed. As a result, the auxiliary chamber 36 is connected to the blood introduction port 13 side of the main flow path 28 through the first connection flow path 32 so that blood can flow through the first flow path 28, and Through the two-connection channel 34, blood is connected to the part closer to the dialyzer 10 than the part where the pinch valve 31 is installed in the main channel 28.

  Further, in such an auxiliary chamber 36, a bag-like filter net 42 having the same configuration as the filter net disposed in the arterial chamber 20 is accommodated together with physiological saline 44. The filtration network 42 in the auxiliary chamber 36 covers the upper end opening of the first connection flow path 32 inserted through the connection hole 38, in other words, the first connection flow. The upper end opening of the passage 32 is attached so as to open into the auxiliary chamber 36 through the filtration net 42, and under such an attachment state, the entire filtration net 42 is filled with physiological saline. 44. It is immersed in 44.

  Further, pinch valves 46 and 48 are respectively attached to intermediate portions in the longitudinal direction of the first connection channel 32 and the second connection channel 34 that connect the auxiliary chamber 36 and the main channel 28. . Each of the pinch valves 46 and 48 has the same structure as the pinch valve 31 attached to the main flow path 28. That is, here, the first connection flow path 32 and the second connection flow path 34 are arbitrarily opened and closed by the opening and closing operations of the pinch valves 46 and 48, so that the connection between the auxiliary chamber 36 and the main flow path 28 is performed. The blood flow can be allowed / blocked.

  In addition, in each of the first connection channel 32 and the second connection channel 34, a part of the physiological saline 44 is preliminarily infiltrated before the start of the blood purification operation, During the blood purification operation, since the pinch valves 46 and 48 are in the closed operation state, a part of the physiological saline 44 infiltrated into the first connection flow path 32 and the second connection flow path 34 is , Staying there. As a result, even if a part of the blood enters the first connection flow path 32 and the second connection flow path 34 during the blood purification operation, the blood is diluted with the physiological saline 44 staying there and enters. It is effectively prevented that blood clots are formed.

  As is clear from these, in the present embodiment, the filtration means accommodating portion is constituted by the auxiliary chamber 36, and at a portion surrounded by the filtration net 42 in the auxiliary chamber 36. While the first space is formed, the second space is formed in other portions. In addition, the pinch valve 46 provided in the first connection flow path 32 constitutes an opening / closing member as a first restricting means for providing a switching mechanism, and further, a branch portion of the first connection flow path 32 in the main flow path 28 ( The pinch valve 31 provided in the intermediate part (connection part) between the connection part) and the branch part of the second connection flow path 34 allows or blocks the blood flow in the intermediate part of the main flow path 28. An opening / closing member as the second restricting means is configured.

  Thus, in the blood purification apparatus of the present embodiment, the first and second pinch valves 46 and 48 provided at the intermediate portions of the first connection flow path 32 and the second connection flow path 34 are closed. While blocking the blood flow through the second connection flow paths 32 and 34, the pinch valve 31 provided at the middle portion of each of the first and second connection flow paths 32 and 34 in the main flow path 28 is opened. The blood introduced through the blood inlet 13 from the patient's body is bypassed by performing the blood purification operation as described above in a state in which the blood flow is allowed to pass through the intermediate portion of the main flow path 28 by operating. Without being circulated through the flow path 30, it is supplied into the dialyzer 10 only through the main flow path 28, purified there, and then passed through the blood return flow path 14. It is adapted to be again returned to the body of the person.

  For this reason, in this blood purification apparatus, it is avoided that the blood to be purified is brought into contact with the filtration network 42 provided in the auxiliary chamber 36 of the bypass flow path 30 during the blood purification operation. The net 42 is advantageously prevented from trapping blood clots in the blood to be purified, and the thrombus formation in the filtration net 42.

  In addition, after the blood purification operation is completed, the pinch valves 46 and 48 provided at the intermediate portions of the first connection flow path 32 and the second connection flow path 34 are opened, so that the first and second connection flow paths 32 and 34 are opened. While allowing blood to flow between the auxiliary chamber 36 and the main flow path 28 through the two connection flow paths 32 and 34, each of the branch portions of the first and second connection flow paths 32 and 34 in the main flow path 28 is allowed. The pinch valve 31 installed in the intermediate part is closed to prevent the blood from flowing through the intermediate part of the main flow path 28. In this state, the blood pump 16 is reversely rotated to collect the residual blood in the blood supply flow path 12 so that the residual blood flows backward from the dialyzer 10 side toward the blood inlet 13 side. When the blood recovery operation as described above is performed, residual blood in the portion of the blood supply channel 12 closer to the dialyzer 10 than the portion where the pinch valve 48 of the second connection channel 34 is installed becomes auxiliary to the second connection channel 34. Blood is circulated in the blood supply flow path 12 through the bypass flow path 30 composed of the chamber 36 and the first connection flow path 32 and the portion of the main flow path 28 closer to the blood inlet 13 than the bypass flow path 30. The blood is returned from the blood introduction port 13 into the patient's body together with the residual blood in the portion closer to the blood introduction port 13 than the installation site of the pinch valve 46 of the first connection flow channel 32 in the supply flow channel 12. Going on. During such a blood collection operation, when the residual blood is circulated through the bypass flow path 30, it is filtered by the filtration network 42 provided in the auxiliary chamber 36, and the residual blood Thrombus will be captured and removed.

  Therefore, in such a blood purification apparatus, the thrombus captured during the blood purification operation in the arterial chamber 20 may be mixed into the residual blood due to the backflow of the residual blood during the blood purification operation. However, such a thrombus is captured by the filtration network 42 in the auxiliary chamber 36 and reliably removed from the remaining blood. Further, as described above, during the blood purification operation, thrombus is not captured or formed in the filtration network 42 in the auxiliary chamber 36, so that the thrombus adhering to the filtration network 42 in the auxiliary chamber 36 is retained blood. It is not mixed in.

  Therefore, in the blood purification apparatus of the present embodiment as described above, blood clots removed from blood to be purified during blood purification operations or thrombus in residual blood in the blood supply channel 12 are blood purified. During the blood collection operation after the operation is completed, it can be effectively prevented that the blood is fed into the patient's body together with the residual blood. As a result, the blood collection operation can be performed more safely than the conventional apparatus.

  Further, in such a blood purification apparatus, the filtration network 42 provided in the auxiliary chamber 36 is immersed in the physiological saline 44 during the blood purification operation. In addition, even though blood may accidentally flow into the auxiliary chamber 36 and come into contact with the filtration network 42, the blood is also brought into contact with the physiological saline 44 together with the filtration network 42. This can prevent the thrombus from adhering to the filter network 42 and can be very effectively prevented.

  Furthermore, in such a blood purification apparatus, the filtration network 42 provided in the auxiliary chamber 36 for the purpose of removing the thrombus in the residual blood does not have any special structure. In the blood purification operation, blood is circulated only through the main flow path 28, while in the blood recovery operation, the bypass flow path 30 and the main flow path 28 are used. The structure for switching the blood flow path so that the blood is circulated is simply the first connection flow path 32, the second connection flow path 34, and each of the connection flow paths 32 in the main flow path 28, It is realized by using three pinch valves 31, 46, and 48 having a relatively inexpensive and simple structure respectively installed at the middle part of 34 branching parts. From the above, the excellent features as described above, such as prevention of thrombus feeding into the patient's body at the time of blood collection operation and improvement of the safety of such blood collection operation, are due to the use of expensive members. This can be realized extremely advantageously while suppressing the increase in cost and the complexity of the structure of the entire blood purification apparatus as low as possible.

  Here, the arterial chamber 20 is disposed closer to the dialyzer 10 than the bypass channel 30 in the main channel 28 of the blood supply channel 12, but there is no problem even if this is omitted.

  Further, the blood pump 16 is disposed closer to the blood introduction port 13 than the bypass flow path 30 in the main flow path 28 of the blood supply flow path 12, but for example, as shown in FIG. Instead of the pinch valve 31 installed there, a blood pump 16 may be disposed at the middle part of each branch part of the first and second connection flow paths 32 and 34. In this case, the blood pump 16 can prevent blood from flowing through the intermediate portions of the branch portions of the first and second connection channels 32 and 34 in the main channel 28 in the stopped state. Those having a structure are used.

  When such a configuration is adopted, the blood purification operation is performed in the same manner as in the above embodiment, and after the blood purification operation is finished, first, the blood purification operation is first installed in the first connection channel 32 and the second connection channel 34, respectively. The pinch valves 46 and 48 are opened to allow the blood flow between the main flow path 28 and the auxiliary chamber 36 through the first and second connection flow paths 32 and 34, and the main flow path. If the blood pump 16 is operated in the normal rotation state with the blood supply flow path 12 shut off by closing the solenoid valve 18 provided on the dialyzer 10 side of the 28 bypass flow paths 30, the first and second Blood remaining in the portion of the main flow path 28 between the respective branch portions of the connection flow paths 32, 34 is sent to the second connection flow path 34 and the auxiliary chamber 36, while the first and second connection flow paths 32, 34 The portion of the main channel 28 between the branching sites of, respectively, a portion of the saline 44 in the auxiliary chamber 36 and the first and the second connecting flow channel 32, 34 is fed. After that, if the operation of collecting the residual blood in the blood supply channel 12 as described above is performed with the blood pump 16 stopped, all the residual blood in the blood supply channel 12 can be collected. .

  As a result, the blood collection operation can be carried out more reliably and efficiently, and the number of parts associated with the omission of the pinch valve 31 can be advantageously reduced. When performing the blood recovery operation as described above, a blood pump is used in order to prevent blood from flowing between the branch portion of the first connection channel 32 and the branch portion of the second connection channel 34 in the main channel 28. Since it is necessary to carry out the operation in a state where 16 is stopped, the flow of residual blood in the blood supply channel 12 is caused by, for example, the operation of a pump provided on the dialysate supply channel connected to the dialyzer 10. Will be.

  Next, FIG. 3 shows another example in which the arrangement structure of the bypass channel is different from that of the above embodiment. In the following description of the present embodiment shown in FIG. 3, members and parts having the same structure as in the previous embodiment will be described in detail by giving the same reference numerals as those in FIG. It should be understood that it is omitted.

  That is, in the blood purification apparatus of this embodiment, the arterial chamber 20 is provided on the main flow path 28, and the bypass flow path 30 is connected to the arterial chamber 20.

  More specifically, here, the arterial chamber 20 is composed of a cylindrical body having a bottom on both sides, and two lower through holes 50 and 52 are provided at a predetermined distance from each other on the lower bottom portion, while the upper bottom portion is provided. In addition, the upper through holes 54 and 56 are formed at a predetermined distance from each other. The other end of the flexible or elastic resin tube 58a, which provides the upstream portion of the main flow path 28 in the direction of blood flow to be purified, has an opening on one side as the blood inlet 13. Is inserted into the lower through hole 50 of one of the two lower through holes 50 and 52 at the lower bottom of the arterial chamber 20 and extends to the middle in the height direction in the arterial chamber 20. It is squeezed and positioned.

  In addition, at the portion where the resin tube 58a is inserted into the arterial chamber 20, the tip opening is introduced from the blood introduction port 13, and the blood circulated through the resin tube 58a flows out into the arterial chamber 20. The outlet 60 is further provided with a known check valve (check valve) 62, and blood in the resin tube 58 a is transferred from the outlet 60 into the arterial chamber 20. However, the blood in the arterial chamber 20 is prevented from flowing into the resin tube 58a through the outlet 60.

  Further, the other lower through-hole 52 of the arterial chamber 20 is provided with a downstream portion of the main flow path 28 connected to the dialyzer 10 in the flow direction of the blood to be purified at the opening on one side. The other end of the resin tube 58b made of the same material as that of the resin tube 58a is inserted, and a thrombus in the blood to be purified is inserted into the distal end of the insertion portion of the resin tube 58b into the arterial chamber 20. A filter net 63 for removing the water is attached so as to cover the opening at the tip.

  In the present embodiment, in particular, a first resin tube made of the same material as the resin tube 58a is formed from the distal end portion of the resin tube 58a that provides the upstream portion of the main flow path 28 into the arterial chamber 20. The connection flow path 32 is branched, and the first connection flow path 32 passes through one upper through hole 54 of the two upper through holes provided in the upper bottom portion of the arterial chamber 20. It is extended to the outside outside. On the other hand, in the other upper through hole 56 in the arterial chamber 20, the second connection flow path 34 made of a resin tube made of the same material as the resin tube 58 a is inserted and fixed at the lower end portion thereof, and extends upward. Has been put out. Further, in the middle of the second connection flow path 34, a pinch valve 64 that arbitrarily opens and closes the second connection flow path 34 by an opening / closing operation to allow / block blood flow through the second connection flow path 34. Is provided.

  Further, here, an auxiliary chamber 36 that constitutes the bypass flow path 30 together with the first and second connection flow paths 32 and 34 is disposed above the arterial chamber 20. Similarly to the arterial chamber 20, the auxiliary chamber 36 also has a cylindrical body with a bottom on both sides. Two lower through holes 66 and 68 are formed on the lower bottom portion of the auxiliary chamber 36. 56 is formed at a position corresponding to 56.

  In such an auxiliary chamber 36, the upper ends of the first connection channel 32 and the second connection channel 34 extending upward through the two upper through holes 54 and 56 of the arterial chamber 20 are Are inserted and fixed through the two lower through holes 66 and 68, whereby the bypass flow path 30 including the auxiliary chamber 36, the first connection flow path 32, and the second connection flow path 34 is connected to the arterial chamber. 20, the auxiliary chamber 36 is positioned above the auxiliary chamber 36. As is clear from this, in the present embodiment, the first connection channel 32 and the insertion portion of the resin tube 58a into the arterial chamber 20 constitute a first conduit, and the second A second flow path is configured in the connection flow path 34, and a blood inlet of the arterial chamber is configured in the lower through hole 50 through which the resin tube 58a is inserted. Yes.

  In addition, in the auxiliary chamber 36, a filtration net 42 is accommodated together with the physiological saline 44, and the first connection flow path is in a state where the filtration net 42 is immersed in the physiological saline 44. It attaches so that the front-end | tip opening part may be covered with respect to the front-end | tip part of the insertion part in 32 auxiliary chambers. That is, also here, the space surrounded by the filtration net 42 in the auxiliary chamber 36 is the first space, and the other space is the second space.

  Thus, in the blood purification apparatus of the present embodiment, blood through the second connection flow path 34 and physiological in the auxiliary chamber 36 by the closing operation of the pinch valve 64 provided on the second connection flow path 34. If the blood purification operation as described above is performed in a state where the flow of the saline solution 44 is blocked, the blood introduced from the patient's body through the blood inlet 13 is guided into the arterial chamber 20 through the resin tube 58a. Then, after the air is removed by being temporarily stored, it is supplied into the dialyzer 10 through the resin tube 58b and purified, and then returned to the patient's body through the blood return channel 14 again. .

  For this reason, even in the blood purification apparatus of the present embodiment, blood to be purified can be brought into contact with the filtration network 42 provided in the auxiliary chamber 36 of the bypass channel 30 during the blood purification operation. As a result, it is possible to advantageously prevent the thrombus in the blood to be purified from being trapped in the filter network 42 and the thrombus from being formed in the filter network 42.

  Further, in this embodiment device, after the blood purification operation is finished, the pinch valve 64 provided on the second connection flow path 34 is opened to open the auxiliary chamber from the artery chamber 20 through the second connection flow path 34. In a state in which the blood flow to 36 is allowed, the residual blood in the resin tube 58b of the main flow path 28 is pushed into the arterial chamber 20 by reverse filtration in the dialyzer 10 and the blood pump 16 is rotated in reverse. When the blood recovery operation as described above is performed to operate and cause the residual blood in the blood supply flow path 12 to flow backward from the dialyzer 10 side toward the blood inlet 13 side, the residual in the resin tube 58b and the arterial chamber 20 The blood is circulated through the bypass flow path 30 and the resin tube 58a of the main flow path 28, together with the residual blood in the resin tube 58a. From the blood inlet 13 and is returned to the patient's body. During such a blood collection operation, when the residual blood is circulated through the bypass flow path 30, it is filtered by the filtration network 42 provided in the auxiliary chamber 36, and the residual blood Thrombus will be captured and removed.

  Therefore, even in the blood purification apparatus of this embodiment as described above, during the blood collection operation, during the blood collection operation, during the blood collection operation, during the blood purification operation, The thrombus captured by the filtration network 63 provided in the arterial chamber 20 can be captured by the filtration network 42 in the auxiliary chamber 36 and removed, and the blood purification operation is performed in the filtration network 42 in the auxiliary chamber 36. It can also be advantageously eliminated that the thrombus trapped or formed therein is mixed into the residual blood to be collected. As a result, the thrombus removed from the blood to be purified during the blood purification operation or the thrombus in the residual blood in the blood supply channel 12 remains during the blood recovery operation after the blood purification operation is completed. The blood can be effectively prevented from being sent together with the blood, and the blood recovery operation can be performed more safely.

  Moreover, in the blood purification apparatus according to the present embodiment, the first connection channel 32 is provided with such a first member without installing a special member such as a pinch valve 64 provided in the second connection channel 34. Since the flow of blood from the arterial chamber 20 to the auxiliary chamber 36 through the connection flow path 32 is prevented, an increase in the number of components of the blood purification apparatus can be advantageously suppressed.

  Next, FIG. 4 shows an example in which a bypass channel is formed inside an arterial chamber provided on the main channel and has a further different structure from the two embodiments. . In addition, also about this FIG. 4, the detailed description was abbreviate | omitted by attaching | subjecting the code | symbol same as FIG.1 and FIG.3 about the member and site | part made into the structure similar to the said embodiment.

  That is, in the blood purification apparatus according to the present embodiment, the arterial chamber 20 provided on the main flow path 28 has a volume that is sufficiently larger than the amount of blood to be stored and has flexibility or elasticity. The lower internal space is a storage part 70 for storing blood, and the upper internal space is a hollow part 72. The lower bottom portion of the arterial chamber 20 is provided with two lower through holes 50 and 52 at a predetermined distance from each other, while an air circulation hole 74 is formed at the upper bottom portion. Has been.

  The other end of the flexible or elastic resin tube 58a with the opening on one side serving as the blood introduction port 13 is formed by two lower through holes 50 in the lower bottom of the arterial chamber 20. 52 is inserted into the lower through-hole 50 (inlet) of one of the holes 52 and is extended and positioned in the arterial chamber 20 to the middle in the height direction. In addition, in the portion where the resin tube 58a is inserted into the arterial chamber 20, the distal end opening is introduced from the blood introduction port 13, and an outlet 60 for allowing blood to be purified to flow into the arterial chamber 20 and Further, the outflow port 60 is provided with a known check valve (check valve) 62 so that blood in the resin tube 58a can flow out from the outflow port 60 into the arterial chamber 20. However, the blood in the arterial chamber 20 is prevented from flowing into the resin tube 58a through the outflow port 60.

  On the other hand, the other end of the resin tube 58b made of the same material as the resin tube 58a connected to the dialyzer 10 is inserted into the other lower through hole 52 of the arterial chamber 20 at the opening on the one side. An easily deformable filter mesh 63 for removing a thrombus in blood to be purified is provided at the distal end of the insertion portion of the resin tube 58b into the arterial chamber 20. It is attached so as to cover the opening. Here, blood pump 16 is installed in the middle of resin tube 58a.

  In this embodiment, in particular, an extension tube 76 made of a resin tube made of the same material as that of the resin tube 58a is branched from the distal end portion of the insertion portion of the resin tube 58a into the arterial chamber 20, and the distal end opening thereof is opened. The portion is extended upward so that the portion is located in the hollow portion 72 formed of the upper internal space of the arterial chamber 20. Further, an easily deformable filter mesh 42 is attached to the distal end portion of the extension tube 76 positioned in the hollow portion of the arterial chamber 20 so as to cover the distal end opening of the extension tube 76. Yes.

  As a result, the main flow path 28 of the blood supply flow path 12 is configured by the two resin tubes 58a and 58b and the reservoir 70 of the arterial chamber 20, and the bypass flow path 30 is branched from the resin tube 58a. The extension tube 76 and the hollow portion 72 of the arterial chamber 20 are configured. In other words, here, in the lower part of the arterial chamber 20, the intermediate part between the one end part having the blood inlet 13 of the main channel 28 and the other end part connected to the dialyzer 10 is On the other hand, a bypass channel 30 connected to the main channel 28 is configured in the upper portion of the arterial chamber 20. Further, the extension tube 76 and the resin tube 58a constitute an extension channel.

  In the present embodiment, the pair of upper pressing members 78a and 78b are provided so as to be opposed to each other on both the left and right sides of the hollow portion 72 of the arterial chamber 20 therebetween. The pair of upper pressing members 78a and 78b are formed of block bodies whose opposing surfaces are flat pressing surfaces 80a and 80b. Although not clearly shown in FIG. 4, for example, a hydraulic mechanism or a pneumatic mechanism It can be moved close to / separated from each other by automatic operation or manual operation.

  Then, as shown in FIG. 5, when the pair of upper pressing members 78a and 78b are moved closer to each other, the hollow portion 72 of the arterial chamber 20 sandwiched between them and the extension disposed therein are provided. The tube 76 is pressed from the outside by the pressing surfaces 80a and 80b of the upper pressing members 78a and 78b, and is crushed. Therefore, under such a collapsed state of the hollow portion 72, the resin tube 58a Blood is prevented from flowing into the hollow portion 72 of the arterial chamber 20 and the extension tube 76, that is, the bypass flow path 30.

  In addition, a pair of lower pressing members 82a and 82b are also opposed to each other on both the left and right sides of the reservoir 70 of the arterial chamber 20 between the lower pressing members 78a and 78b. It is provided to be located. The pair of lower pressing members 82a and 82b is also formed of a block body in which the opposing surfaces are flat pressing surfaces 84a and 84b, similarly to the pair of upper pressing members 78a and 78b. They can be moved toward and away from each other by automatic operation or manual operation using a mechanism or a pneumatic mechanism. The pair of upper pressing members 78a and 78b and the pair of lower pressing members 82a and 82b are arranged such that when one of them is moved closer to each other, the other is moved away from each other. It has become.

  Thereby, as shown in FIG. 6, the pair of upper pressing members 78a and 78b are moved away from each other, and the pressing action of the pressing surfaces 80a and 80b on the hollow portion 72 of the arterial chamber 20 is eliminated. In this state, the pair of lower pressing members 82a and 82b are moved closer to each other, so that the reservoir 70 of the arterial chamber 20 sandwiched between the two pressing surfaces 82a and 84b can be seen from the outside at the pressing surfaces 84a and 84b. The volume is reduced by being pressed and crushed and deformed. Then, as the volume of the reservoir portion 70 of the arterial chamber 20 is crushed and deformed by the pair of lower pressing members 82a and 82b, the liquid level of the blood 86 stored in the reservoir portion 70 becomes a hollow portion. 72, the blood 86 was raised to a position above the position where the distal end opening of the extension tube 76 was disposed, and thus the blood 86 was filtered by the filtration net 42 attached to the distal end of the extension tube 76. After that, the resin tube 58a can be made to flow through the extension tube 76. As is clear from this, in the present embodiment, the pair of upper pressing members 78a and 78b and the pair of lower pressing members 82a and 82b constitute the pressing means as the blood level raising means for providing a switching mechanism. Has been.

  Thus, in the blood purification apparatus according to the present embodiment, as shown in FIG. 5, the upper pressing members 78a and 78b are moved closer to each other while the lower pressing members 82a and 82b are moved away from each other to move the arterial chamber. When the blood purification operation as described above is performed in a state in which the hollow portion 72 of the 20 is crushed, blood introduced from the patient's body through the blood introduction port 13 passes through the resin tube 58a in the reservoir 70 of the arterial chamber 20. After being stored there, the mixed air is removed, and then supplied into the dialyzer 10 through the resin tube 58b to be purified, and then into the patient's body through the blood return channel 14. It comes back again.

  For this reason, even in the blood purification apparatus of the present embodiment, it is avoided that the blood to be purified is brought into contact with the filtration network 42 provided in the hollow portion 72 of the arterial chamber 20 during the blood purification operation. Thus, it is advantageously prevented that the thrombus in the blood to be purified is trapped in the filtration network 42 and the thrombus is formed in the filtration network 42.

  Further, in such a blood purification apparatus, as shown in FIG. 6, after the blood purification operation is completed, the upper pressing members 78a and 78b are moved away from each other, and the hollow portion 72 of the arterial chamber 20 is formed by the pressing surfaces 80a and 80b. While canceling the pressing action against the blood, the lower pressing members 82a and 82b are moved closer to each other, and the reservoir 70 of the arterial chamber 20 is crushed and deformed, so that the liquid level of the blood 86 in the reservoir 70 is reduced. The blood pump 16 is reversely rotated in a state where the distal end portion of the extension tube 76 in the hollow portion 72 is raised to the upper side, and the residual blood in the blood supply channel 12 is removed from the dialyzer 10 side. The blood collection operation as described above is performed so as to flow backward toward the blood inlet 13 side. As a result, residual blood in the resin tube 58b and in the reservoir 70 of the arterial chamber 20 passes through the bypass flow path 30 including the hollow portion 72 of the arterial chamber 20 and the extension tube 76, and the resin tube 58a of the main flow path 28. The blood is circulated and returned to the patient's body from the blood inlet 13 together with the residual blood in the resin tube 58a. During such a blood recovery operation, when the residual blood is circulated through the bypass flow path 30, it is filtered by the filter network 42 disposed in the hollow portion 72 of the arterial chamber 20, and the blood is collected. Thrombus in the remaining blood is captured and removed.

  Therefore, even in the blood purification apparatus of this embodiment as described above, the same effects as those obtained in the first and second embodiments can be enjoyed extremely effectively.

  Further, in the blood purification apparatus according to the present embodiment, since the bypass flow path 30 is configured in the upper portion of the arterial chamber 20, the number of parts associated with the addition of the bypass flow path 30 and the resulting structure are increased. There is an advantage that the increase in complexity and cost can be advantageously eliminated or suppressed.

  Next, FIG. 7 shows another example in which the blood level raising means has a structure different from that of the third embodiment. In addition, also about FIG. 7, the detailed description was abbreviate | omitted by attaching | subjecting the code | symbol same as FIG.1 and FIG.4 about the member and site | part made into the structure similar to the said embodiment.

  That is, in the blood purification apparatus of the present embodiment, as in the third embodiment, the main flow path 28 of the blood supply flow path 12 includes the two resin tubes 58a and 58b and the reservoir 70 of the arterial chamber 20. Although the bypass channel 30 is configured by the extension tube 76 branched from the resin tube 58a and the hollow portion 72 of the arterial chamber 20, the arterial chamber 20 is flexible or There is no elasticity, and the upper and lower pressing members 78 and 82 are not provided at all. Instead, they serve as a blood level raising means for providing a switching mechanism to the air circulation hole 74 of the arterial chamber 20. An air suction device 88 as air discharge means is connected via an air flow passage 90.

  Thus, in the blood purification apparatus according to the present embodiment, if the blood purification operation as described above is performed in a state where the hollow portion 72 of the arterial chamber 20 is filled with air, the blood purification port is passed through the blood inlet 13 from the patient's body. The introduced blood is introduced into the reservoir 70 of the arterial chamber 20 through the resin tube 58a, and after being stored there, the mixed air is removed and then supplied into the dialyzer 10 through the resin tube 58b. Then, it is purified and then returned to the patient's body through the blood return channel 14.

  For this reason, even in the blood purification apparatus of the present embodiment, it is avoided that the blood to be purified is brought into contact with the filtration network 42 provided in the hollow portion 72 of the arterial chamber 20 during the blood purification operation. Thus, it is advantageously prevented that the thrombus in the blood to be purified is trapped in the filtration network 42 and the thrombus is formed in the filtration network 42.

  Further, in this blood purification apparatus, after the blood purification operation is completed, the air in the hollow portion 72 of the arterial chamber 20 is sucked through the air flow passage 90 and discharged from the arterial chamber 20 by the operation of the air suction device 88. Thus, the liquid level of the blood 86 in the reservoir 70 of the arterial chamber 20 is raised to the upper side of the position where the distal end opening of the extension tube 76 in the hollow portion 72 is located. The blood collection operation as described above is performed by operating the reverse rotation so that the residual blood in the blood supply flow channel 12 flows backward from the dialyzer 10 side toward the blood inlet 13 side. As a result, residual blood in the resin tube 58b and in the reservoir 70 of the arterial chamber 20 passes through the bypass flow path 30 including the hollow portion 72 of the arterial chamber 20 and the extension tube 76, and the resin tube 58a of the main flow path 28. The blood is circulated and returned to the patient's body from the blood inlet 13 together with the residual blood in the resin tube 58a. During such a blood recovery operation, when the residual blood is circulated through the bypass flow path 30, it is filtered by the filter network 42 disposed in the hollow portion 72 of the arterial chamber 20, and the blood is collected. Thrombus in the remaining blood is captured and removed.

  Therefore, even in the blood purification apparatus of this embodiment as described above, the same effects as those achieved in the first to third embodiments can be enjoyed extremely effectively.

  The specific configuration of the present invention has been described in detail above. However, this is merely an example, and the present invention is not limited by the above description.

  For example, in the above embodiment, the pinch valves 31, 46, 48, and 64 provided on the blood supply channel 12 are arbitrarily opened and closed by the blood supply channel 12 such as a known pinch cock or electromagnetic valve. You may change into well-known opening-and-closing members other than a pinch valve which accept | permits or blocks distribution.

  Further, instead of the pinch valve 31, the blood flow from the blood inlet 13 side to the dialyzer 10 side at the portion between the branch portions of the first and second connection channels 32 and 34 in the main channel 28 is as follows. Although allowed, a check valve that blocks the flow of blood to the opposite side may be provided at the site where the pinch valve 31 is disposed. Further, in place of the pinch valve 46, a check valve that allows the flow of blood from the auxiliary chamber 36 to the main flow path 28 but prevents the flow of blood to the opposite side of the check chamber is provided. In place of the pinch valve 48, a check valve that allows the blood flow from the main flow path 28 to the auxiliary chamber 36 but prevents the blood flow to the opposite side is provided. You may install in the arrangement | positioning site | part. Furthermore, in place of the pinch valve 64, a check valve that allows the blood flow from the arterial chamber 20 to the auxiliary chamber 36 but prevents the blood flow to the opposite side is provided in the pinch valve 64. It is also possible to install it at the site.

  In the blood purification apparatus of the embodiment shown in FIG. 3, a known opening / closing member such as a pinch valve, a pinch cock, or an electromagnetic valve is provided in the middle of the first connection flow path 32, or from the auxiliary chamber 36. A check valve may be provided to prevent blood flow to the opposite side while allowing blood flow to the arterial chamber 20 side.

  Furthermore, the structure for performing the blood collection operation is a specific structure as long as the blood is collected by circulating the blood in the blood supply channel 12 from the dialyzer 10 side toward the blood inlet 13 side. However, it goes without saying that the present invention is not limited to the examples.

  Furthermore, the filtering means provided on the bypass flow path 30 is not particularly limited to the illustrated filter network 42, and blood circulated in the bypass flow path 30 is filtered and thrombus in the blood is filtered. Any of those conventionally known can be employed as long as they can be removed.

  In addition, although not enumerated one by one, the present invention can be carried out in a mode to which various changes, modifications, improvements, etc. are added based on the knowledge of those skilled in the art. It goes without saying that all are included in the scope of the present invention without departing from the spirit of the present invention.

It is a systematic diagram including a partially cutaway view showing an example of a blood purification apparatus according to the present invention. It is a systematic diagram including a partially cutaway view showing another example of the blood purification apparatus according to the present invention. It is a systematic diagram including a partially cutaway view showing still another example of the blood purification apparatus according to the present invention. It is a systematic diagram including a partially cutaway view showing another example of the blood purification apparatus according to the present invention. It is explanatory drawing which shows the collapse deformation state of the arterial chamber by the action | operation of an upper side press member when blood purification operation is performed using the blood purification apparatus shown by FIG. It is explanatory drawing which shows the collapse deformation state of the arterial chamber by the action | operation of a lower side press member when blood collection operation is performed using the blood purification apparatus shown by FIG. It is a systematic diagram including a partially cutaway view showing still another example of the blood purification apparatus according to the present invention.

Explanation of symbols

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 10 Dialyzer 12 Blood supply flow path 13 Blood introduction port 14 Blood return flow path 16 Blood pump 20 Arterial chamber 28 Main flow path 30 Bypass flow path 31, 46, 48, 64 Pinch valve 32 First connection flow path 34 Second connection flow path 36 Auxiliary chamber 42 Filtration network 44 Physiological saline 60 Outlet 62 Check valve 70 Storage part 72 Hollow part 76 Extension tube 78 Upper pressing member 82 Lower pressing member 88 Air suction device

Claims (14)

A dialyzer that purifies blood, a blood supply channel that is connected to the dialyzer and supplies blood to be purified introduced through a blood inlet to the dialyzer, and blood that is connected to the dialyzer and purified by the dialyzer In a blood purification apparatus comprising a blood return flow path for returning the blood to the patient,
The blood supply flow path includes a main flow path and a bypass flow path that connects the blood introduction port side portion and the dialyzer side portion of the main flow path, and on the bypass flow path, Filtration means for removing blood thrombus in the blood by filtering blood circulated in the bypass flow path is provided, and when the blood to be purified is supplied into the dialyzer, the bypass flow path The blood is allowed to flow through the blood supply flow channel only through the main flow channel, while the blood remaining in the main flow channel or the dialyzer is When the blood is circulated from the dialyzer side toward the blood inlet side, the blood in the blood supply flow path is such that the residual blood is circulated through the bypass flow path. The switching mechanism may switch the flow path, the blood purification apparatus, characterized in that provided in the blood supply flow path.   The blood purification apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the filtering means is configured by a filtration net having a mesh size that allows the blood to pass therethrough but does not allow the thrombus mixed in the blood to pass therethrough.   The blood purification apparatus according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the filtering means is disposed on the bypass flow path in a state of being immersed in physiological saline.   A filtration means containing portion, comprising a hollow member, in which the filtration means is accommodated and arranged, and the inside is partitioned into a first space and a second space via the filtration means; and the filtration means accommodation portion A first connection channel that connects the first space and the site on the blood inlet side of the main channel so that blood can circulate; the second space of the filtration means housing portion; and the dialyzer in the main channel And a second connection flow path for connecting blood to the site on the side so that the blood flow can be provided, and the bypass flow path is constituted by the filtration means accommodating portion, the first connection flow path, and the second connection flow path. And the switching mechanism includes a first restricting means for preventing blood from flowing from the main flow path through the first connection flow path to the filtration means accommodating portion, and the main flow path of the first connection flow path. Of the connection part with respect to the main flow path and the connection part to the second connection flow path A second restricting means for preventing blood from flowing from the connection site side of the second connection channel to the main channel to the connection site side of the first connection channel to the connection site side of the first connection channel at the main channel portion between the two connection sites The blood purification apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the blood purification apparatus is configured to include:   The first regulating means arbitrarily opens and closes the first connection flow path, and allows or prevents blood flow between the filtration means housing portion and the main flow path through the first connection flow path. Any of the open / close member and a check valve that blocks the flow of blood to the opposite side while allowing the flow of blood from the filtration means accommodating portion to the main flow path through the first connection flow path The blood purification apparatus according to claim 4, wherein the blood purification apparatus is configured by either one of them.   The second restricting means arbitrarily opens and closes the main channel portion between two connection sites, a connection site of the first connection channel to the main channel and a connection site of the second connection channel to the main channel. An opening / closing member that allows or blocks blood flow between the two connection sites through the main flow channel portion, and a connection site from the connection site to the main flow channel of the first connection flow channel through the main flow channel portion. Although the flow of blood flowing toward the connection site to the main flow path of the second connection flow path is allowed, it is composed of any one of check valves that block the flow of blood to the opposite side. The blood purification apparatus according to claim 4 or 5.   The second restricting means delivers the blood to be purified to the dialyzer in an operating state, while in a stopped state, the connection portion of the first connecting channel with respect to the main channel and the second connecting channel The blood purification apparatus according to claim 4 or 5, wherein the blood purification device is configured by pump means for preventing blood from flowing through the main flow path portion between two connection sites of the connection site to the main flow channel.   An opening / closing member that arbitrarily opens and closes the second connection flow path to allow or block blood flow between the filtering means housing portion and the main flow path through the second connection flow path; One of the check valves for preventing the flow of blood to the opposite side is further provided, although the blood flow from the main flow path to the filtration means accommodating portion through the connection flow path is allowed. The blood purification apparatus according to any one of claims 4 to 7, wherein   An arterial chamber for storing a part of the blood in the blood supply flow path is provided on the main flow path of the blood supply flow path, and is made of a hollow member. The inside is composed of an auxiliary chamber partitioned into a first space and a second space via the filtering means, and a tube body through which blood can flow and is inserted into the arterial chamber, and has one opening. In the arterial chamber connected to the blood inlet to be purified while the other opening is opened in the first space of the auxiliary chamber and in an intermediate part located in the arterial chamber. A first conduit provided with an outlet for allowing the blood to be purified guided through the inlet to flow into the arterial chamber, and a tube separate from the first conduit and capable of circulating blood Consist of One opening is provided in the arterial chamber, while the other opening is provided with a second conduit that is opened in the second space of the auxiliary chamber. The bypass channel is configured by the portion closer to the opening to the auxiliary chamber than the outlet in the one pipe and the second pipe, and further provided at the outlet of the first pipe And a check valve that allows blood to flow out of the outlet, but prevents blood from flowing out of the outlet, and blood from the main flow path through the first conduit to the auxiliary chamber. The blood purification apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the switching mechanism is configured by a restriction unit that prevents distribution.   The restricting means arbitrarily opens and closes the first conduit to allow or prevent blood from flowing between the main channel and the auxiliary chamber through the first conduit; It is composed of any one of check valves that allow the blood flow from the auxiliary chamber to the main flow path through one conduit, but prevent the flow of blood to the opposite side. The blood purification apparatus according to claim 9.   An open / close member that arbitrarily opens and closes the second conduit to the second conduit, and allows or blocks blood flow between the arterial chamber and the auxiliary chamber through the second conduit; There is further provided a check valve that allows blood flow from the arterial chamber to the auxiliary chamber through the second conduit but prevents blood flow to the opposite side. The blood purification apparatus according to claim 9 or claim 10.   An arterial chamber made of a hollow member and having a lower side portion of the inner space serving as a reservoir for storing a part of the blood in the blood supply channel, while an upper part of the arterial chamber is a hollow portion is provided with the blood supply An extension channel, which is provided on the main channel of the channel and is disposed so as to extend in the vertical direction in the arterial chamber, allows blood to flow therethrough. The filtration means is attached to the upper opening while being connected to the blood inlet to be to be opened through the filtration means in the hollow portion of the arterial chamber; and The intermediate part located in the reservoir part of the arterial chamber is provided with an outlet that allows the blood to be purified guided through the inlet to flow out into the arterial chamber, thereby providing the movement. The bypass channel is configured by the hollow portion of the chamber and the upper portion of the extension channel positioned in the hollow portion, and further, the outlet channel of the extension channel is connected to the outlet port. A check valve that allows outflow of blood from the outflow port but prevents inflow of blood from the outflow port, and a liquid level of blood in the reservoir in the hollow portion of the arterial chamber. The switching mechanism is configured to include a blood liquid level raising means for raising the filtration means to the position where the filtration means is disposed, and when the residual blood is circulated from the dialyzer side toward the blood inlet side, the switching mechanism is used. The blood level rising means raises the blood level in the reservoir to the position where the filtering means is disposed in the hollow portion of the arterial chamber, so that the blood in the reservoir is filtration Is, the blood purification apparatus according to in which claim 1 or claim 2 adapted to be caused to flow toward the inlet of the arterial chamber.   The arterial chamber is configured to have flexibility or elasticity, and the blood liquid level rising means is a pressing means for pressing the hollow portion and the storage portion of the arterial chamber separately from the sides. When the blood to be purified is supplied into the dialyzer, the hollow portion of the arterial chamber is pressed from the side by the pressing means, and the hollow portion and the extension in the hollow portion are By crushing and deforming the bypass flow path formed of the upper part of the flow path, the blood flow through the bypass flow path is prevented, while the residual blood flows from the dialyzer side toward the blood inlet side. When it is allowed to circulate, the pressure against the hollow portion of the arterial chamber by the pressing means is released, while the pressing means pushes the reservoir of the arterial chamber from the side. The liquid part of the blood in the reservoir is raised to the position where the filtering means is disposed in the hollow part of the arterial chamber by crushing and deforming the reservoir. Blood purification device. The blood level raising means comprises air discharge means for discharging the air in the hollow part of the arterial chamber to the outside of the arterial chamber, and when the blood to be purified is supplied into the dialyzer, the arterial chamber Air is stored in the hollow portion of the gas passage to prevent the blood from flowing through the bypass flow path, while the residual blood is allowed to flow from the dialyzer side toward the blood inlet side. The air in the hollow portion of the arterial chamber is discharged out of the arterial chamber by the discharging means, and the blood level of the reservoir portion reaches the position where the filtering means is disposed in the hollow portion of the arterial chamber. The blood purification apparatus according to claim 12, wherein the blood purification apparatus is adapted to be raised.

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