JP4339809B2 - Blood purification equipment - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to a blood purification apparatus, and more particularly to an improved structure of a blood purification apparatus in which blood taken out from a patient's body is purified by a purifier and returned to the body again.

  In recent years, a so-called artificial kidney has been widely used as a blood purification device for purifying a patient's blood in order to treat patients with renal failure and maintain life. In such a device, a semipermeable membrane such as a hollow fiber cellulose membrane, a cuproammonium rayon membrane, or a polyacrylonitrile membrane is accommodated in the box, and blood is dialysis or filtered through the semipermeable membrane. For example, when a hemodialysis operation is performed, the patient's blood is brought into contact with the dialysate through a semipermeable membrane in a dialyzer as a purifier. As a result, urea, uric acid, water and the like accumulated in the blood of the patient are dialyzed and removed to purify the blood.

  In addition, a conventional blood purification apparatus having such a purifier such as a dialyzer generally has a blood supply channel for guiding blood from the body of a patient connected to the blood inflow side of the purifier, A blood return channel is connected to the blood outflow side, and a blood pump is provided on the blood supply channel among these channels. An arterial puncture needle and a venous puncture needle are respectively attached to the blood introduction side end of the blood supply channel and the blood delivery side end of the blood return channel, and are attached to the blood supply channel. The arterial puncture needle is punctured upstream of the shunt blood vessel in the patient's body, while the venous puncture needle attached to the blood return channel is punctured downstream of the shunt blood vessel, thereby It can be configured.

  Therefore, in the blood purification apparatus constituting such a blood circuit, the blood to be purified introduced into the blood supply channel through the arterial puncture needle is delivered into the purifier by the action of the blood pump. After purifying and purifying, the purified blood is allowed to flow out from the purifier into the blood return flow path, and further, through the venous puncture needle provided at the end of the blood return flow path, It is designed to be returned to the patient.

  By the way, after completion of the blood purification operation of the patient using such a blood purification device, it is necessary to perform a blood recovery operation to return the blood remaining inside the device such as the purifier and the flow path to the body of the patient. In recent years, however, the arterial puncture needle and the venous puncture needle are removed from the patient after completion of the blood purification operation in order to reduce the burden on the patient, increase the efficiency of the blood collection operation, and ensure safety. For example, Patent Document 1 proposes a device that performs a blood collection operation while puncturing a patient.

  That is, in the blood purification device disclosed in Patent Document 1, a pressure generating means capable of relatively increasing the pressure on the dialysate side in the dialyzer than the pressure on the blood side, and a blood supply channel And a second blocking means for switching the blood return flow path to the communicating / blocking state. After the blood purification operation is completed, the first blocking means is switched to the communicating / blocking state. And the second blocking means controls the communication / blocking state of the blood supply flow path and the blood return flow path while operating the pressure generating means so that the pressure on the dialysate side in the dialyzer is greater than the pressure on the blood side. By so doing, so-called reverse filtration can be performed in which the dialysate is transferred to the blood side through the semipermeable membrane in the dialyzer.

  In such a blood purification apparatus, at the time of blood collection operation, for example, first, the state in which the blood supply flow path is blocked and the blood return flow path is in communication with the first and second blocking means The pressure generating means is operated and reverse filtration is performed, whereby residual blood in the dialyzer and the blood return channel is replaced with dialysate and returned to the patient's body through the blood return channel. Then, the first and second shut-off means are switched, respectively, and the reverse of the operation by the pressure generating means is performed again in a state where the blood supply flow path is in a communicating state and the blood return flow path is in a shut-off state. While the filtration is performed, the blood pump on the blood supply flow path is reversely rotated, so that the residual blood in the blood supply flow path is caused to flow backward from the dialyzer side toward the blood inlet side. Return to the body It is, following Te is the recovery of the total amount of equipment inside the residual blood is adapted to be implemented.

  However, in such a conventional blood purification apparatus, the pressure generating means provided with a special structure is operated by the power supplied from a predetermined power source, so that the residual blood is recovered. Therefore, problems such as the installation cost of the pressure generating means and the running cost for operating it are necessary.

  In addition, in the conventional blood purification apparatus, first, the pressure generating means is operated to return the residual blood in the blood return flow path to the patient's body, and then the pressure generating means is temporarily stopped to first and The switching operation of the two blocking means is performed, and then the pressure generating means is operated again, whereby the residual blood in the blood supply channel is returned to the patient's body and is replaced with the residual blood inside the blood purification apparatus. In order to prevent the dialysate from entering the patient's body, it is necessary to perform procedures such as stopping the pressure generating means when the operation is completed. Therefore, for example, when performing blood purification operations for many patients at the same time, in particular, when performing such blood recovery operations after the blood purification operation is completed, it is necessary to perform such operations safely and appropriately. The problem of requiring a special device that automatically performs the process is also inherent.

  For this reason, in order to solve the problems described above, the present inventor does not provide any pressure generating means that is actuated by the power supplied from the power source, and by the action of gravity due to its own weight, A blood purification device capable of replacing the remaining blood with a small amount of electrolyte solution and inexpensive air and returning it to the patient's body was completed, and a separate application was filed (Japanese Patent Application No. 2004-115584).

  And in the blood purification apparatus clarified in such an application, the operation of simply rotating the knobs of several cocks and the operation of removing the blood pump from the blood supply flow path are performed and remain in the apparatus. Blood can now be advantageously collected. However, as a result of further studies by the present inventor, in such a blood purification apparatus, the operation of removing the blood pump from the blood supply flow path at the actual site is unexpectedly complicated. It became clear.

Japanese Patent Publication No. 5-15464

  Here, the present invention has been made in the background as described above, and the problem to be solved is to reduce the cost and burden on the patient with a simpler operation, while purifying the blood. It is an object of the present invention to provide an improved structure of a blood purification apparatus capable of returning blood remaining in the apparatus after the operation to the patient's body in a safer and more reliable manner.

  In the present invention, in order to solve such a problem, a purifier for purifying blood, a blood supply channel for supplying blood to be purified to the purifier, and the blood Pump means provided on the supply flow path for sending blood to the purifier, and a blood return flow path connected to the purifier and for returning blood purified by the purifier to the body In the blood purification apparatus provided, (a) the first connection portion located in the blood supply flow path portion upstream of the pump means in the blood flow direction and the blood supply downstream of the pump means in the blood flow direction A bypass flow path connecting to the second connecting portion located in the flow path portion and serving as a bypass with respect to the pump means, and (b) comprising at least a part of the bypass flow path, While being crushed and deformed, A first deformable portion configured to be able to be restored from a crushing deformation state by releasing the pressing force, and preventing or allowing liquid flow through the bypass flow path according to the action / release of the pressing force; (C) a container in which an electrolyte solution is accommodated, and a third connection portion located in the blood supply flow path portion on the upstream side in the blood flow direction from the first connection portion; An electrolyte solution supply channel connected to the supply channel, and the electrolyte solution stored in the container is introduced into the blood supply channel through the electrolyte solution supply channel Means, (d) electrolyte solution introduction control means for allowing or preventing the electrolyte solution from flowing from the electrolyte solution supply channel to the blood supply channel, and (e) blood more than the third connection portion. The blood supply channel part located upstream in the flow direction It is composed of at least a part and can be crushed and deformed by the action of an external pressing force, and can be restored from the crushed deformation state by releasing the pressing force. A second deformable portion for preventing or allowing fluid flow upstream of the third connection portion in the blood supply flow path portion; and (f) blood flow than the third connection portion. The blood supply flow path portion located at the downstream side in the direction and upstream from the first connection portion in the blood flow direction, and is crushed and deformed by the action of the external pressing force. It is configured so that it can be restored from the crushing deformation state by releasing the pressure, and with the action / release of the pressing force, between the third connection portion and the first connection portion in the blood supply channel portion In between A third deformable portion for preventing or permitting the flow of liquid, and (g) any one of the first deformable portion, the second deformable portion, and the third deformable portion. A pressing means that is attached to the alternative or detachable and applies a pressing force to the one deformable portion from the outside; (h) the first deformable portion and the second deformable portion; For at least one of the deformable portion and the third deformable portion, the three deformable portions can be distinguished from each other, and the at least one deformable portion can be used as the other deformable portion. The blood supply channel is provided by an electrolyte solution that is provided with a marker portion that is provided with a marker that can be distinguished from the blood supply channel region, and is introduced into the blood supply channel from the electrolyte solution supply means. The blood in the purifier and the blood return channel is collected. The blood purification apparatus used as a gist is the gist thereof.

  In such a blood purification device according to the present invention, the pressing means is attached to the first deformable portion provided in the bypass flow path so as to exert a pressing force, and the liquid flowing through the bypass flow path is provided. The original blood purification operation is performed in a state where the circulation is blocked.

  And after completion | finish of this blood purification operation, first, the press means attached to the 1st deformable part is removed, the pressing force with respect to the 1st deformable part is released, Liquid distribution is possible. On the other hand, the pressing means removed from the first deformable portion is provided with a second movable portion provided in the blood supply flow path portion upstream of the third connection portion to which the electrolyte supply flow path is connected. By being attached to the deforming portion so as to exert a pressing force, fluid flow in the blood supply flow path portion upstream of the third connection portion in the blood flow direction is prevented. At this time, even if the pump means is operating, the flow in the annular flow path formed by the blood supply flow path portion and the bypass flow path between the first connection portion and the second connection portion is reduced. Since residual blood remaining in the channel is circulated, the channel does not become negative pressure.

  Next, the state in which the electrolyte solution supply channel is blocked by the electrolyte solution introduction control means is released, and the electrolyte solution supply channel is communicated with the blood supply channel portion downstream of the third connection portion. The electrolyte solution accommodated in the container is introduced into the blood supply channel portion downstream of the third connection portion through the electrolyte solution supply channel. As a result, even if a thrombus is formed at the site where the electrolyte solution supply channel in the blood supply channel is connected during the blood purification operation of the patient, the thrombus is in the electrolyte solution and the third connection part It is swept away by the blood supply flow path part on the downstream side.

  In this way, after confirming that a certain amount of electrolyte solution, for example, about 5 ml, has been introduced into the blood supply flow path portion downstream of the third connection portion, the second deformable portion By removing the pressing means attached to the second deformable portion and releasing the pressing force on the second deformable portion, it is possible to distribute the liquid through the blood supply channel portion upstream of the third connecting portion. The On the other hand, the pressing means removed from the second deformable portion is provided with a third movable portion provided in the blood supply flow path portion downstream of the third connecting portion and upstream of the first connecting portion. By being attached to the deforming portion so as to exert a pressing force, liquid flow in the blood supply flow path portion between the third connecting portion and the first connecting portion is prevented. As a result, the electrolyte solution accommodated in the container can be introduced into the blood supply channel portion upstream of the third connection portion through the electrolyte solution supply channel. As a result, the blood remaining in the blood supply flow path portion upstream of the third connection portion is subjected to blood purification at the time of the blood purification operation by the electrolyte solution that flows into the blood supply flow path. Contrary to the flow direction, it is pushed out toward the patient's shunt blood vessel and thus returned to the patient's body.

  Next, the pressing means attached to the third deformable portion is removed and the pressing force on the third deformable portion is released, so that the third connecting portion and the first connecting portion are It is possible to distribute the liquid through the blood supply channel portion. On the other hand, the pressing means removed from the third deformable portion is attached to the second deformable portion so as to exert a pressing force, so that the blood upstream of the third connecting portion can be obtained. The liquid flow in the supply flow path portion is prevented. As a result, the electrolyte solution accommodated in the container can be introduced into the blood supply channel portion downstream of the third connection portion through the electrolyte solution supply channel. As a result, the blood remaining in the blood supply flow path portion downstream of the third connection portion, in the bypass flow path, in the purifier, and in the blood return flow path, The electrolyte solution introduced into the blood is pushed toward the patient's shunt blood vessel in the direction of blood flow when the blood purification operation is performed, so that the residual blood can be returned to the patient's body.

  As described above, when a thrombus is pushed downstream of the blood supply channel by flowing a predetermined amount (for example, about 5 ml) of an electrolyte solution, for example, a filtration net or the like is provided inside. By providing the arterial chamber at a site downstream of the blood supply channel, it is possible to capture a thrombus in the arterial chamber. Here, in the blood supply channel and the blood return channel, the upstream side and the downstream side in the blood flow direction mean the upstream side and the downstream side in the blood flow direction when the blood purification operation as described above is performed. Is.

  Thus, in this blood collection operation, when the residual blood inside the device is returned to the patient's body, the inside of the device is replaced with the electrolyte solution. Moreover, the replacement with the electrolyte is automatically stopped at the time when the flow of the electrolyte solution into the blood supply channel is completed despite the pump means being operated. An amount of blood corresponding to the amount of electrolyte introduced into the body is returned to the patient.

  As described above, in the blood purification apparatus according to the present invention, after the blood purification operation is completed, any operation for removing the puncture needle punctured into the patient's shunt blood vessel or removing the pump means from the blood supply channel is performed. Without any implementation, it is only necessary to perform a very simple operation of selectively attaching and detaching the pressing means to the first, second and third deformable parts. The blood remaining in the device can be returned to the patient's body without using any pressure generating means or a special device that automatically performs the operation.

  Here, the first deformable portion, the second deformable portion, and the third deformable portion are provided in a blood circuit having a similar appearance, and therefore cannot be easily distinguished from each other. Therefore, in the blood purification apparatus according to the present invention, in particular, at least one of the first, second, and third three deformable parts, the mutual between the three deformable parts. A marker is provided so that the marker can be discriminated and at least one of the deformable parts can be discriminated from other blood supply flow path parts.

  That is, in the blood purification apparatus according to the present invention, by searching for the marker portion to which the predetermined marker is attached, the deformable portion to which the marker is not attached can be easily found from the blood supply channel. It has become. For example, when the marker part is provided in the first deformable part and the second deformable part, the third connecting part provided in the vicinity of the second deformable part to which the marker is provided The third deformable portion located on the opposite side of the second deformable portion across the third connecting portion can be easily found. In other words, in the device of the present invention, if a predetermined deformable part is found from the blood supply flow path by searching for the predetermined marker part, the deformable part not provided with the marker is also easily found from the blood supply flow path. It can be issued.

  Therefore, in such a blood purification apparatus according to the present invention, when the residual blood collecting operation is performed after the blood purification operation is completed, the pressing means is provided with the first, second, and third three. It is possible to more reliably avoid an error in the order of attachment, attachment site, and the like in the operation of selectively attaching to or removing from the deformable portion.

  Therefore, by using the blood purification apparatus according to the present invention as described above, it is possible to carry out a safe and reliable blood collection operation more easily while keeping the cost and burden on the patient low.

  Further, in the blood purification apparatus according to the present invention, even when the pump means is operated during the blood recovery operation, a part of the blood supply channel and the bypass channel This is caused by the fact that a certain amount of liquid is circulated in the annular flow path formed by the above, and that the negative pressure in the flow path can be advantageously prevented. Intrusion of air into the blood circuit is also prevented very effectively, so that a high level of safety can be ensured. If the pressure in the flow path becomes negative and there is a very small gap or hole in the flow path or container in the system, air may enter the blood circuit from that part. Therefore, since the pump means has been operated conventionally, it has been necessary to pay close attention, and this has been one of the causes that require manpower.

  Furthermore, in the blood purification apparatus according to the present invention, the return of the residual blood inside the apparatus to the patient can be automatically stopped by stopping the introduction of the electrolyte solution into the blood supply channel. If the introduction amount is set in advance, it is not necessary to constantly monitor the progress of the blood collection operation after the blood collection operation is started, and a complicated operation is required during the blood collection operation. There is no need to carry out or install special equipment for that purpose. Therefore, even when blood purification operations are performed on many patients at once, such operations can be performed safely without requiring special equipment or a lot of human resources for the blood collection operation after the blood purification operation is completed. It can be implemented reliably and reliably.

  In addition, if the amount of the electrolyte solution introduced into the blood supply channel is, for example, equal to or greater than the total volume of the blood supply channel, the purifier, and the blood return channel, this amount is required. The total amount of blood remaining inside the device will be returned to the patient's body, while it is less than the total volume of the blood supply channel volume, the purifier volume, and the blood return channel volume. If the amount is taken, it is possible to prevent the electrolyte solution from flowing into the body. In other words, depending on the patient's symptoms, for example, to return as much blood as possible to an anemic patient, and to avoid putting extra water into the body as much as possible to a patient with a bad heart. The blood recovery operation can be performed.

Aspects of the Invention

  By the way, the present invention can be suitably implemented at least in various aspects as listed below.

<1> A purifier for purifying blood, a blood supply channel for supplying blood to be purified to the purifier, and blood provided on the blood supply channel to the purifier A blood purification apparatus comprising: pump means for delivering; and a blood return channel connected to the purifier and for returning blood purified by the purifier to the body. (A) From the pump means Also, the first connection portion located in the blood supply flow path portion upstream of the blood flow direction is connected to the second connection portion located in the blood supply flow passage portion downstream of the pump means in the blood flow direction. A bypass flow path serving as a bypass for the pump means, and (b) comprising at least a part of the bypass flow path, and being crushed and deformed by the action of an external pressing force, while being crushed and deformed by the release of the pressing force Restore from state A first deformable portion configured to be capable of preventing or permitting liquid flow through the bypass flow path in accordance with the action / release of the pressing force, and (c) accommodation in which the electrolyte solution is accommodated And an electrolyte solution supply channel for connecting the container to the blood supply channel in a third connection portion located in the blood supply channel portion upstream of the first connection portion in the blood flow direction And an electrolyte solution supply means for introducing an electrolyte solution stored in the container into the blood supply channel through the electrolyte solution supply channel; and (d) the electrolyte solution supply flow Electrolyte solution introduction control means for permitting or blocking inflow of the electrolyte solution from the channel to the blood supply channel; and (e) the blood supply flow located upstream in the blood flow direction from the third connection portion. It consists of at least a part of the road part, and the pressure applied from the outside While being deformed by application, it is configured so that it can be restored from the collapsed deformation state by releasing the pressing force, and with the action / release of the pressing force, A second deformable portion for preventing or allowing fluid flow upstream of the connection portion in the blood flow direction; and (f) the first connection portion downstream of the third connection portion in the blood flow direction. It comprises at least a part of the blood supply flow path portion located upstream of the blood flow direction, and can be crushed and deformed by the action of external pressing force, and can be restored from the crushed deformation state by releasing the pressing force. Configured to prevent or allow fluid flow between the third connection portion and the first connection portion in the blood supply flow path portion in accordance with the action / release of the pressing force. Three deformable parts, ( ) Alternatively and detachably attached to any one of the first deformable portion, the second deformable portion, and the third deformable portion; Pressing means for applying a pressing force to the deformable portion from the outside; (h) at least one of the first deformable portion, the second deformable portion, and the third deformable portion. On the other hand, a marker is provided to enable mutual discrimination between the three deformable portions and to distinguish the at least one deformable portion from the other blood supply flow path portions, And the blood in the blood supply channel, the purifier, and the blood return channel is recovered by the electrolyte solution introduced into the blood supply channel from the electrolyte solution supply means. A blood purification apparatus characterized by the above.

<2> In the above aspect <1>, at least one of the first deformable portion, the second deformable portion, and the third deformable portion is a deformable shape to which the marker is to be attached. The marker is applied to the at least one deformable part by being colored in a different color from the blood supply flow path part other than the deformable part to which the marker is to be applied. Thus, the marker portion is formed. According to this aspect, the deformable portion in which the marker portion is formed is extremely easy due to the difference in color between the deformable portions and the blood supply flow path portion other than the deformable portion. Thus, it can be discriminated reliably. As a result, the residual blood recovery operation performed after the blood purification operation is completed can be performed more safely and smoothly.

<3> In the above aspect <1> or aspect <2>, the container in the electrolyte solution supply means is higher than the blood supply channel, the purifier, and the blood return channel in the direction of gravity action The blood is collected by configuring so that the electrolyte solution in the container is supplied to the blood supply channel, the purifier, and the blood return channel under the action of gravity.

  In this embodiment, the container in which the electrolyte solution is stored is at a position higher than the blood supply channel, the purifier, and the blood return channel, and has a water column pressure corresponding to the internal pressure of the patient's shunt blood vessel. Since the blood collection operation is carried out in a state where the blood collection operation is performed at a position higher than the position corresponding to the internal pressure higher than the shunt blood vessel by the height, the electrolyte solution is gravity due to its own weight. As a result, the blood is advantageously and surely introduced into the blood supply channel through the electrolyte solution supply channel, whereby the residual blood inside the device is returned to the patient's body more efficiently. Will get.

<4> In any one of the above aspects <1> to <3>, the container is configured by a flexible bag body having a variable volume, and is housed in the bag body. Further, the volume of the bag body is reduced as the electrolyte solution flows out. According to this aspect, when the blood recovery operation is performed, the electrolyte solution stored in the storage body can be stably introduced into the blood supply channel, and the blood recovery operation can be more reliably performed. In addition, mixing of air into the blood supply channel can be effectively prevented.

<5> In the above aspect <4>, a pressing unit is further provided that presses the container from outside to increase the internal pressure of the electrolyte solution stored in the container. According to this aspect, the internal pressure of the electrolyte solution inside the container is advantageously increased by causing the container of the electrolyte solution supply means to be compressed by the compression means. As a result, the flow rate of the electrolyte solution into the blood supply channel is effectively increased during the blood collection operation, so that the blood collection operation can be performed more smoothly and rapidly.

<6> In any one of the above aspects <1> to <5>, a partitioning means for liquid-tightly partitioning the inside of the container is provided so as to be capable of releasing the partitioning function. Only the electrolyte solution present in the electrolyte solution supply channel communication side portion of the container partitioned by the partition means is configured to be introduced into the blood supply channel through the electrolyte solution supply channel. According to this aspect, since the inside of the container is liquid-tightly partitioned by the partitioning means provided so that the partition function can be released, the electrolyte solution stored in the container is partitioned in a desired amount. It becomes possible. Further, since the container is partitioned in a liquid-tight manner, only a desired amount of the divided electrolyte solution can be introduced into the blood supply channel through the electrolyte solution supply channel. Thereby, it is possible to prevent the electrolyte solution from being excessively introduced into the patient's body. In addition, as described above, it is possible to advantageously perform a blood collection operation according to the patient's symptoms.

  Hereinafter, in order to clarify the present invention more specifically, embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings.

  First, FIG. 1 schematically shows a system diagram showing an embodiment of a blood purification apparatus according to the present invention. In FIG. 1, reference numeral 10 denotes a dialyzer (hemodialyzer), which is a kind of blood purifier, having a structure similar to that of the prior art, and a hollow fiber-shaped semi-permeable member inside a cylindrical box. A membrane is housed and configured. A blood supply channel 12 for guiding blood from the patient's body is connected to one end side of the dialyzer 10 in the axial direction, and the blood purified in the dialyzer 10 is connected to the other end side. A blood return flow path 14 for returning to the patient's body is connected. The blood supply channel 12 and the blood return channel 14 are made of, for example, a transparent tube having flexibility or elasticity, which is formed using a resin material or the like, as in the past.

  In the blood supply flow path 12, a known arterial puncture needle 16 is attached to the end opposite to the connection side of the dialyzer 10, while in the blood return flow path 14, A known vein side puncture needle 18 is attached to the end opposite to the connection side.

  Further, a blood pump 20 as a pump means having a known roller pump structure is provided on the blood supply channel 12, and is introduced into the blood supply channel 12 by the operation of the blood pump 20. After the blood is delivered into the dialyzer 10 and circulated through the dialyzer 10, it is allowed to flow out from the dialyzer 10 into the blood return channel 14.

  Thus, in the blood purification apparatus of this embodiment, the arterial puncture needle 16 attached to the end of the blood supply channel 12 is punctured on the upstream side (arterial side) of the patient's shunt blood vessel 22 in the blood flow direction. The venous puncture needle 18 attached to the end of the blood return flow path 14 is punctured on the downstream side (venous side) of the patient's shunt blood vessel 22 in the blood flow direction. The blood of the patient is circulated extracorporeally in the blood return channel 14 from the blood introduction side end of the blood supply channel 12 toward the blood delivery side of the blood return channel 14. Thus, in the present embodiment, the blood supply channel 12, the dialyzer 10, and the blood return channel 14 constitute a blood circuit.

  On the other hand, the dialyzer 10 is connected with a dialysate supply channel 24 for introducing fresh dialysate from its reservoir (not shown) into the dialyzer 10, and in the dialyzer 10, the blood supply flow The blood supplied into the dialyzer 10 through the passage 12 is brought into contact with the semipermeable membrane through the dialysis and filtration action of the semipermeable membrane to remove unnecessary or harmful substances and moisture from the blood. A dialysate discharge channel 26 is connected to discharge the dialysate that has come to be contained. In FIG. 1, 28 and 30 are an arterial chamber and a venous chamber respectively provided on the blood supply channel 12 and the blood return channel 14, and when the blood purification operation is performed, The blood in the blood supply flow path 12 and the blood return flow path 14 is temporarily stored in each chamber, and air mixed in the blood is removed, and a filtration net or the like disposed in the chamber is used. Blood in each chamber is filtered, and blood clots in the blood are captured and removed, so that the blood purification operation can be performed safely.

  And in such a blood purification apparatus of this embodiment, in the collection | recovery operation | movement of the residual blood inside the apparatus implemented after completion | finish of the blood purification operation mentioned later, especially electrolyte solution (here physiological saline) ) To the inside of the device.

  That is, in the blood supply flow path 12 of the blood purification apparatus, the blood flow direction of the blood pump 20 (see FIG. 2) is bypassed with respect to the blood supply flow path 12 in which the blood pump 20 is disposed. In FIG. 1, the direction B), a bypass channel 34 that connects the upstream site and the downstream site is formed in communication with the blood supply channel 12. That is, the blood supply flow channel 12 is branched into the main flow channel 32 and the bypass flow channel 34 at the first connection portion 36 located upstream of the site where the blood pump 20 is disposed. The main flow path 32 and the bypass flow path 34 join at a second connection portion 38 that is located downstream of the site where the blood pump 20 is disposed and upstream of the site where the arterial chamber 28 is disposed. It is configured as such.

  In addition, here, the bypass channel 34 is formed using a transparent tube having flexibility or elasticity, like the blood supply channel 12, so that it can be easily applied by the action of external pressure. While being crushed and deformed, it is configured so that it can be reliably restored from the crushed deformation state by releasing the pressing force. As a result, the entirety of the bypass flow path 34 is a first deformable portion 40 that prevents or allows liquid flow through the bypass flow path 34 in accordance with the action / release of the external pressing force. Yes.

  In the present embodiment, in particular, the outer peripheral surface of the intermediate portion is colored with a predetermined length, for example, red, at the intermediate portion in the length direction of the bypass flow path 34 as the first deformable portion 40. A first marker portion 41 provided with a red marker is provided, and a pinch cock 42 as a pressing means is detachably attached to the first marker portion 41. As a result, the first marker portion 41 of the bypass flow path 34 is pressed from the outside by the pinch cock 42 and is crushed and deformed, so that the liquid flow through the bypass flow path 34 is blocked or prevented. Has been. It should be noted that the first marker portion 41 of the bypass flow path 34 is restored to the state before being crushed and deformed based on the flexibility or elasticity of the tube constituting the bypass flow path 34 when the pinch cock 42 is removed. Thus, the liquid flow through the bypass channel 34 can be allowed.

  In the blood supply channel 12, the electrolyte solution supply channel 44 is branched from a portion further upstream in the blood flow direction than the first connection portion 36 described above. That is, in the third connection portion 43 located further upstream than the first connection portion 36 that is a branching site of the bypass flow channel 34 on the upstream side of the blood supply flow channel 12, the electrolyte solution supply flow channel 44 is blood. It is connected so as to communicate with the supply flow path 12. A storage bag 46 serving as a storage body connected to the electrolyte solution supply channel 44 is attached to the end of the electrolyte solution supply channel 44 opposite to the blood supply channel 12 side. .

  The storage bag 46 has a flexibility that can be easily crushed and deformed from the inflated state, and is constituted by a bag body whose volume is variable between the inflated state and the crushed state. The accommodation bag 46 contains physiological saline as an electrolyte solution, and the opposing wall surfaces of the accommodation bag 46 approach each other as the physiological saline flows into the electrolyte solution supply channel 44. By doing so, the storage bag 46 is crushed and its volume is reduced. In the present embodiment, the volume when the storage bag 46 is inflated is the total volume of the volume of the blood supply channel 12, the volume of the dialyzer 10, and the volume of the blood return channel 14 (inside the apparatus). The volume is approximately the same as or larger than (volume), and the inside is filled with physiological saline.

  In the present embodiment, the storage bag 46 in which physiological saline is stored is attached at a position higher than the blood supply channel 12, the dialyzer 10, and the blood return channel 14. In this case, the accommodation bag 46 is positioned higher than the position of the shunt blood vessel 22 by the height of the water column pressure corresponding to the internal pressure of the patient's shunt blood vessel 22 (internal pressure corresponding height). It is arranged so as to be located higher than (). Thereby, without using any special device such as a pump, the physiological saline stored in the storage bag 46 is allowed to flow through the electrolyte solution supply channel 44 and the like, as will be described later, by the action of gravity due to its own weight. It can be introduced into the device or the patient's body.

  The accommodation bag 46 shown in FIG. 1 is provided with a mounting hole 47 at an upper portion thereof. The mounting hole 47 is supported by being locked to a stand or the like (not shown). 46 can be easily placed at a desired height.

  Further, the storage bag 46 shown in FIG. 1 is provided with a partition device 60 as a partitioning means capable of partitioning the inside of the storage bag in a liquid-tight manner. Divided liquid-tight. Of the two halves, a desired specific amount of physiological saline is provided inside the communication port 45 with the electrolyte solution supply channel 44, that is, below the attachment site of the partition device 60. Is housed.

  More specifically, as shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, the partition device 60 described above includes a pair of partition plates 62 and 64 which are made of a substantially rectangular flat plate having a small width and are arranged to face each other. Configured. Each of the pair of partition plates 62 and 64 has a length longer than the width of the storage bag 46, and is integrally supported at one end (the right end in FIG. 2). Thus, relative rotation is possible about the shaft portion of the end portion. In addition, at the other end of the partition plate 62 located on the lower side in FIG. 2, a flexible claw portion 66 capable of bending deformation is formed so as to protrude to the partition plate 64 side. By engaging the claw portion 66 so as to cover the end face of the partition plate 64, the pair of partition plates 62 and 64 can be integrated so as not to be relatively movable. In addition, due to such engagement, the opposed inner side surfaces 68 and 70 of the pair of partition plates 62 and 64 are pressed against each other.

  Then, with the partition plates 62 and 64 of the partition device 60 disengaged, the storage bag 46 is placed between the inner side surfaces 68 and 70 of the pair of partition plates 62 and 64 as shown in FIG. After the arrangement, when the partition device 60 is engaged, the storage bag 46 is firmly sandwiched between the partition plates 62 and 64, and the interior of the storage bag 46 can be partitioned into two in the vertical direction. At this time, if the volume on the side of the communication port 45 of the storage bag 46 partitioned by the partition device 60 is an intended amount, only the partitioned specific amount of physiological saline passes through the electrolyte solution supply channel 44. The physiological saline stored on the upper side of the partition device 60 is allowed to flow out of the storage bag 46 from the storage bag 46. However, it remains in the storage bag 46 as it is. Thereby, an excessive outflow of physiological saline can be advantageously prevented by a simple operation.

  Further, in addition to the partition device 60 as described above, the storage bag 46 according to the present embodiment is for increasing the internal pressure of the physiological saline stored in the storage bag 46 as shown in FIG. A compression device 72 is mounted as a compression means. As shown in FIG. 3, the compression device 72 is formed of a substantially rectangular flat plate, and has two compression plates 74 and 74 disposed to face each other. An arm portion 76 having a V shape in the thickness direction is integrally provided at one end portion in the length direction of each compression plate 74, and the V shape of the arm portion 76 is provided. In the top portion, a cylindrical connecting portion 78 extending in the width direction and holes (not shown) of a size that allows the cylindrical connecting portion 78 to be inserted are alternately positioned in the width direction. A plurality are provided. Then, in a state where the two compression plates 74 and 74 having such a structure are opposed to each other, each cylindrical connecting portion 78 of the arm portion 76 of one of the two compression plates 74 and 74 is By inserting the rotary shafts 80 into the respective inner holes of the respective cylindrical connecting portions 78 by being fitted into the respective holes of the arm portion 76 of the other one of them, The two compression plates 74 and 74 are coupled around the rotation shaft 80 so as to be rotatable in directions approaching / separating from each other. Further, in the compression device 72 in which the two compression plates 74 and 74 are connected, the ends of the arm portions 76 opposite to the compression plate 74 are separated from each other between the opposing surfaces of the arm portions 76 and 76. A torsion coil spring 82 is disposed that exerts an urging force in a direction in which the compression plates 74 are brought closer to each other.

  As a result, in the compression device 72, the end portions on the opposite side of the compression plate 74 of each arm portion 76 are pressed in a direction in which the two compression plates 74 and 74 are separated from each other. In this state, the storage bag 46 (here, the portion on the side of the communication port 45 partitioned by the partition device 60) is positioned between the two compression plates 74, 74, and each arm portion By eliminating the pressing force on 76, the accommodation bag 46 is attached to the accommodation bag 46 in a state where the accommodation bag 46 is compressed based on the urging force of the torsion coil spring 82. Then, the pressure of the compression device 72 can appropriately increase the pressure of the physiological saline stored below the partition device 60, and hence the physiological saline in the electrolyte solution supply channel 44. The pressing speed of the compression device 72 can effectively increase the flow rate of physiological saline to the blood supply channel 12.

  Further, a switching cock 48 as an electrolyte solution introduction control means is attached on the electrolyte solution supply channel 44 extending from the storage bag 46 to which such a compression device 72 is mounted. This switching cock 48 has a known structure, and the electrolyte solution supply channel 44 is closed by rotating the knob 50 so that the electrolyte solution supply channel 44 and the blood supply channel 12 are not connected. The state in which communication is established and the state in which the electrolyte solution supply channel 44 is opened to allow the electrolyte solution supply channel 44 and the blood supply channel 12 to communicate with each other can be switched selectively. .

  Thus, when the knob 50 of the switching cock 48 is rotated so as to be in a non-communication state (closed state), the physiological saline can be prevented from flowing into the blood supply channel 12. When the knob 50 of the switching cock 48 is rotated so as to be in a communication state (open state), physiological saline can be introduced into the blood supply channel 12 through the electrolyte solution supply channel 44. It has become. Therefore, in the present embodiment, the electrolyte solution supply means is configured by the electrolyte solution supply channel 44 and the storage bag 46.

  On the other hand, the blood supply channel 12 is formed using a flexible or elastic tube as described above. Therefore, in such a blood supply channel 12, the blood supply channel upstream portion 51 on the upstream side of the third connection portion 43 to which the electrolyte solution supply channel 44 is connected has a pressing force from the outside. The blood supply flow is configured so that it can be easily crushed and deformed by the action of the pressing force, and can be reliably restored from the crushing deformed state by releasing the pressing force. The second deformable portion 52 prevents or allows liquid flow through the upstream portion 51 of the road.

  Further, in the present embodiment, the outer peripheral surface of such a nearby portion is disposed at a predetermined length in the vicinity of the third connecting portion 43 on the blood supply flow path upstream portion 51 as the second deformable portion 52. Thus, for example, a second marker portion 53 to which a blue marker colored in blue is added is formed. Then, by attaching the pinch cock 42 removed from the first marker part 41 to the second marker part 53, the second marker part 53 is pressed from the outside by the pinch cock 42, and is crushed and deformed. As a result, the liquid flow through the blood supply channel upstream portion 51 is blocked or prevented. Further, when the pinch cock 42 is removed, the second marker portion 53 is restored to the state before being crushed and deformed based on the flexibility or elasticity of the tube constituting it, and the blood supply channel upstream portion The liquid flow through 51 can be allowed.

  Furthermore, here, the blood supply flow path intermediate portion located downstream of the third connection part 43 in the blood supply flow path 12 and upstream of the first connection part 36 to which the bypass flow path 34 is connected. 54 is configured so that it can be easily crushed and deformed by the action of the external pressing force, and can be reliably restored from the crushed deformation state by releasing the pressing force, so that the external force can be applied / released. Accordingly, the third deformable portion 56 is configured to prevent or allow fluid flow through the blood supply flow path intermediate portion 54.

  Then, in the vicinity of the third connecting portion 43 on the blood supply flow path intermediate portion 54 as such a third deformable portion 52, the outer peripheral surface of the neighboring portion is set to a predetermined length, for example, yellow. A third marker portion 58 provided with a colored yellow marker is provided. Even in the third marker portion 58, as in the case of the first and second marker portions 41 and 53, the pinch cock 42 is attached, so that it is pressed from the outside and crushed and deformed. On the other hand, the liquid flow through the supply flow path intermediate portion 54 is blocked or prevented. On the other hand, when the pinch cock 42 is removed, it is restored to the state before being deformed, and the blood supply flow passage intermediate portion 54 is restored. The liquid flow through can be tolerated.

  By the way, in order to perform the blood purification operation using the blood purification apparatus of this embodiment having such a structure, for example, first, the whole inside of the apparatus is filled with physiological saline. Specifically, physiological saline is filled in each of the blood supply channel 12, the dialyzer 10, the blood return channel 14, the bypass channel 34, and the electrolyte solution supply channel 44. In this filling, physiological saline prepared separately is used, but in the present embodiment, physiological saline contained in the accommodation bag 46 can also be used. However, when the physiological saline in the storage bag 46 is used, the storage bag 46 is replenished with the physiological saline for the used amount, or the physiological saline corresponding to the amount used is used. It is necessary to store in advance in the storage bag 46 in advance.

  First, the knob 50 of the switching cock 48 provided on the electrolyte solution supply channel 44 is rotated to the closed position and provided on the bypass channel 34 (first deformable portion 40). A pinch cock 42 is attached to the first marker portion 41, and the physiological saline outflow from the storage bag 46 into the blood supply flow path 12 and the liquid flow from the blood supply flow path 12 through the bypass flow path 34. , Both are impossible. At this time, since the first marker portion 41 is colored in red, the first marker portion 41 can be easily found out from the long and transparent blood supply flow path 12, and the first marker portion 41 can be detected. The attachment work of the pinch cock 42 can be performed easily and quickly.

  Thereafter, as shown in FIG. 1, the arterial puncture needle 16 attached to the end of the blood supply channel 12 is punctured upstream of the patient's shunt blood vessel 22 in the blood flow direction, while the blood return channel 14. When the venous puncture needle 18 attached to the end of the puncture device is punctured downstream of the patient's shunt blood vessel 22 in the blood flow direction, both the puncture needles 16 and 18, the blood supply channel 12, the dialyzer 10, and blood The return flow path 14 constitutes a blood circuit through which the patient's blood is circulated extracorporeally.

  Next, when the blood pump 20 is activated, the blood to be purified of the patient introduced into the blood supply channel 12 through the arterial puncture needle 16 is sent into the dialyzer 10 from the blood supply channel 12. In the dialyzer 10, it is purified by being brought into contact with the dialysate through a semipermeable membrane, and this purified blood is returned to the patient from the venous puncture needle 18 via the blood return channel 14. Accordingly, the blood purification operation of the patient is performed.

  When the blood purification operation is completed as described above, a residual blood recovery operation for returning the blood remaining in the apparatus to the patient is performed. In this blood recovery operation, the arterial puncture needle 16 and The venous puncture needle 18 is not removed from the patient's shunt blood vessel 22 and the blood pump 20 is not removed from the blood supply flow path 12 while the blood circuit is configured. The work will proceed according to the following procedure.

  That is, after the blood purification operation is completed, the pinch cock attached to the first marker portion 41 on the bypass channel 34 (first deformable portion 40) is first left in a state where the blood pump 20 is operated. 42 is removed. Thereby, the liquid flow through the bypass flow path 34 is allowed, the main flow path 32 of the blood supply flow path 12 (here, from the first connection portion 36 to the second connection portion 38), and the bypass flow path 34. A predetermined amount of liquid corresponding to the amount of operation of the blood pump 20 is repeatedly circulated counterclockwise (in the direction B in FIG. 1) in the annular flow path formed by. That is, the operation of the blood pump 20 prevents the liquid upstream from the first connection portion 36 from being sent downstream from the second connection portion 38.

  Next, the pinch cock 42 removed from the first marker portion 41 is attached to the second marker portion 53 provided on the blood supply channel upstream side portion 51 (second deformable portion 52). This reliably prevents the blood in the patient's body from being further taken into the blood supply channel 12 from the side of the arterial puncture needle 16.

  At this time, since the second marker portion 53 is colored in blue, the second marker portion 53 is easily found from above the blood supply channel 12 which is long and filled with blood, and the second marker portion 53 The attachment work of the pinch cock 42 with respect to the marker part 53 can be performed easily and rapidly. In addition, even if the blood pump 20 is still operating in a state where the pinch cock 42 is attached to the second marker portion 53 in this way and the inflow of blood into the blood supply channel 12 is blocked, As described above, a certain amount of liquid is repeatedly counterclockwise (in the direction B in FIG. 1) in the annular channel formed by the main channel 32 and the bypass channel 34 of the blood supply channel 12. Since it is designed to circulate, it is extremely advantageously prevented that the inside of the flow path becomes a negative pressure due to the operation of the blood pump 20. As a result, the intrusion of air into the blood circuit caused by the negative pressure in the flow path can be extremely effectively prevented, thereby ensuring a high level of safety.

  Then, following this operation, the knob 50 of the switching cock 48 provided on the electrolyte solution supply channel 44 is rotated to the open position. As a result, the blood supply flow path intermediate portion 54 and the electrolyte solution supply flow path 44 downstream of the third connection portion 43 in the blood supply flow path 12 communicate with each other, and the electrolyte solution supply flow path 44 and the accommodation bag 46 are filled. The physiological saline contained in the blood is downstream of the third connection portion 43 in the blood supply channel 12 through the electrolyte solution supply channel 44 by the action of gravity due to its own weight and the pressing action by the compression device 72. Is introduced to the side (blood supply flow path intermediate portion 54). As a result, during blood purification operation, blood clots that are often formed in the third connection portion 43 of the blood supply flow channel 12 are more downstream than the third connection portion 43. The inside can be swept away. That is, during blood purification operation, a thrombus that is often formed in the third connection portion 43 of the blood supply flow path 12 is directed toward the arterial chamber 28 provided with a filtration network or the like for capturing the thrombus. The inside of the flow path 12 is pushed away.

  In this way, a certain amount (for example, about 5 ml) of physiological saline stored in the electrolyte solution supply channel 44 or the storage bag 46 passes through the electrolyte solution supply channel 44 to the blood supply channel. When introduced into the intermediate part 54, the pinch cock 42 attached to the second marker part 53 on the blood supply channel upstream part 51 is removed. After that, the pinch cock 42 removed from the second marker portion 53 is attached to a third marker portion 58 provided on the blood supply flow path intermediate portion 54 (third deformable portion 56). At this time, since the third marker part 58 is colored in yellow, the third marker part 58 is easily found out from the long and transparent blood supply flow path 12, and the third marker part 58 is The attachment work of the pinch cock 42 can be performed easily and quickly.

  As a result, the communication between the blood supply flow path intermediate portion 54 and the electrolyte solution supply flow channel 44 is blocked, while the blood supply flow channel upstream portion 51 and the electrolyte solution supply flow channel 44 are communicated with each other to supply the electrolyte solution. The physiological saline stored in the flow path 44 or the storage bag 46 is moved upstream of the blood supply flow path through the electrolyte solution supply flow path 44 by the action of gravity due to its own weight and the pressing action of the compression device 72. Introduced into site 51. As a result, the blood remaining in the blood supply channel upstream portion 51 is pushed by the introduced physiological saline and circulated toward the arterial puncture needle 16 side. Residual blood in the upstream portion 51 of the road is replaced with physiological saline introduced from the electrolyte solution supply channel 44 or the storage bag 46, and an amount of residual blood corresponding to the amount of replacement is replaced by an artery. It is returned to the patient's body through the side puncture needle 16.

  When the entire amount of residual blood in the blood supply channel upstream portion 51 is returned to the patient's body, the pinch cock 42 attached to the third marker portion 58 on the blood supply channel intermediate portion 54 is removed. Thereafter, the pinch cock 42 removed from the third marker portion 58 is reattached to the second marker portion 53 provided on the blood supply channel upstream portion 51 (second deformable portion 52). Also at this time, since the second marker portion 53 is colored in blue, the second marker portion 53 can be easily found from the long blood supply flow path 12 and pinched against the second marker portion 53. The work of attaching the cock 42 can be performed easily and quickly.

  Thereby, the communication between the blood supply channel upstream portion 51 and the electrolyte solution supply channel 44 is cut off, while the blood supply channel intermediate portion 54 and the electrolyte solution supply channel 44 are communicated with each other to supply the electrolyte solution. The physiological saline contained in the flow path 44 or the storage bag 46 is passed through the electrolyte solution supply flow path 44 by the action of gravity due to its own weight and the pressing action of the compression device 72, so that the blood supply flow path intermediate portion 54. The introduction of the physiological saline is performed until all of the remaining amount of the physiological saline on the side of the communication port 45 divided by the partition device 60 flows out of the storage bag 46.

  As a result, the blood supply flow path 12 (except the main flow path 32), the bypass flow path 34, the dialyzer 10, and the blood return flow path downstream of the third connection portion 43, including the blood supply flow path intermediate portion 54. The blood remaining inside 14 is pushed by the introduced physiological saline and circulated toward the venous puncture needle 18 side, and thus blood supply downstream of the third connection portion 43 is provided. The blood remaining in the flow path 12, the bypass flow path 34, the dialyzer 10, and the blood return flow path 14 is replaced with physiological saline, and the amount of residual blood corresponding to the replacement amount is It is returned to the patient's body through the puncture needle 18. However, the blood remaining in the main flow path 32 is circulated toward the second connection portion 38 in the blood supply flow path 12 by the operation of the blood pump 20, so that the blood flows in the main flow path 32. The remaining blood is also replaced with physiological saline introduced from the electrolyte solution supply channel 44 or the storage bag 46.

  The volume of physiological saline on the side of the communication port 45 in the storage bag 46 is determined by the partition device 60 as described above, the portion upstream of the third connection portion 43 in the blood supply channel 12 (upstream of the blood supply channel). Side portion 51), the volume of the blood supply channel 12 downstream of the third connecting portion 43, the volume of the dialyzer 10, and the volume of the blood return channel 14, that is, the blood supply flow It is set according to the amount of residual blood in the channel 12, dialyzer 10, and blood return channel 14, and only a specific amount of physiological saline partitioned by such a partitioning device 60 is used as an electrolyte. It is introduced into the liquid supply channel 44, the blood supply channel 12, the dialyzer 10, and the blood return channel 14. Then, when a predetermined amount of physiological saline flows out of the storage bag 46, the flow of the liquid is automatically stopped, so that the return of residual blood to the patient's body is also automatically stopped. Will be.

  As described above, in the present embodiment, the blood collection operation according to the patient can be performed by a simple operation of simply partitioning the containing bag 46 with the partition device 60. For example, Blood recovery operations can be performed so that more blood is returned to patients with anemia, and extra water is not added as much as possible to patients with a poor heart. It is.

  Thus, in such a residual blood recovery operation, first, the physiological saline that is introduced is upstream of the third connection 43 with the electrolyte solution supply channel 44 in the blood supply channel 12. The blood remaining inside the blood supply channel upstream portion 51 located is pushed and circulated in the direction of the arterial puncture needle 16, so that the blood remaining inside the blood supply channel upstream portion 51. Is replaced with physiological saline introduced from the electrolyte solution supply channel 44 or the storage bag 46, and a residual blood amount corresponding to the replacement amount passes through the arterial puncture needle 16 into the patient's body. Returned. Subsequently, the blood that remains inside the downstream portion of the blood supply channel 12 with respect to the electrolyte solution supply channel 44 is pushed by the physiological saline that is introduced. Accordingly, the blood in the downstream portion of the blood supply flow channel 12 from the third connection portion 43 is circulated toward the dialyzer 10 and further toward the venous puncture needle 18 side. 44 is replaced with physiological saline introduced in the inside of the storage bag 46 or the storage bag 46, and an amount of residual blood corresponding to the replacement amount is returned to the patient's body through the venous puncture needle 18.

  As described above, in the blood purification apparatus of the present embodiment, the storage bag 46 containing physiological saline is disposed at a predetermined height before the start of the blood purification operation or after the end of the operation, and After the blood purification operation is completed, the electrolyte solution supply channel 44 is simply removed without removing the arterial and venous puncture needles 16 and 18 from the patient and without performing the troublesome and complicated removal of the blood pump 20. Opening / closing operation of the switching cock 48 provided above and closing operation of each flow path 44, 34, 51, 54 by attaching or removing the pinch cock 42 to the first to third marker portions 41, 53, 58. By performing an extremely simple and simple operation to be performed, the operation of collecting blood remaining in the apparatus can be realized.

  Moreover, the first to third marker portions 41, 53, and 58 provided on the blood supply channel 12 and the bypass channel 34 are colored differently from each other in red, blue, and yellow ( A red marker, a blue marker, and a yellow marker), which are easily distinguished from each other, and other than the portions other than the marker portions 41, 53, 58, and the first to third markers. Since the operation of attaching the pinch cock 42 to the portions 41, 53, 58 can be performed particularly easily and quickly, the above-described residual blood recovery operation can be performed more easily and smoothly. Will get.

  Moreover, if only the desired amount of physiological saline can be discharged by partitioning the storage bag 46 with the partition device 60, the blood recovery operation can be automatically stopped, and the blood purification operation is performed. Thus, excessive administration of physiological saline into the patient's body from which water has been removed can be effectively prevented. Furthermore, since the partition device 60 can partition a desired amount of physiological saline in a liquid-tight manner, a general-purpose physiological saline bag that is commercially available in a predetermined amount such as 200 ml or 500 ml is advantageous. The advantage that it can be used is enjoyed.

  Therefore, when such a blood purification apparatus is used, for example, even when blood purification of many patients is performed at once, after the blood purification operation is completed, the blood collection operation of each patient is performed by many humans. It can be carried out safely and appropriately without taking a lot of time and effort, putting a heavy burden on the patient, and without using a special device.

  In addition, in the blood purification apparatus of this embodiment, residual blood inside the apparatus is replaced with physiological saline introduced into the blood supply channel 12 or the blood return channel 14 by the action of gravity. Thus, since the blood is returned to the patient's body, the cost required for the recovery operation of the residual blood can be extremely advantageously reduced.

  In the present embodiment, when the blood collection operation is performed, the storage bag 46 is compressed by the compression device 72, and the internal pressure of the physiological saline in the storage bag 46 is appropriately increased. In addition to the action of gravity described above, a pressurizing action by the compression device 72 is also added, so that the inflow rate of physiological saline into the blood supply channel 12 is effectively increased, so that the blood recovery operation can be performed. It can be implemented more smoothly and quickly.

  The exemplary embodiments of the present invention have been described in detail above. However, the embodiments are merely examples, and the present invention is limited in any way by specific descriptions according to such embodiments. It should be understood that it is not interpreted.

  For example, in the above-described embodiment, the first deformable portion 40 and the second deformable portion 40 are connected to the second flow path 34, the blood supply flow path upstream portion 51, and the blood supply flow path intermediate portion 54 in all the flow paths. Although the deformable portion 52 and the third deformable portion 56 are respectively configured, the first to third deformable portions 40, 52, and 56 are arranged only in a part of the flow paths 34, 51, and 54. Can also be configured. In such a configuration, for example, in each of the flow paths 34, 51, 54, only the variable shape portions 40, 52, 56 are configured by a flexible or elastic tube, while these variable shape portions This is easily realized by configuring the parts other than 40, 52 and 56 with a hard tube. In other words, even when the blood supply flow path 12 and the bypass flow path 34 are formed of a hard tube or the like, the first deformable portion 40 provided on the flow paths 12 and 34 and Only the second deformable portion 52 and the third deformable portion 56 need to be formed of a flexible or elastic tube.

  Moreover, in the said embodiment, 1st, 2nd, and 3rd marker part 41,53,58 is provided in all of the 1st, 2nd, and 3rd deformable part 40,52,56, respectively. However, such a marker part should just be provided in at least any one of the three deformable parts 40, 52, and 56. Of these three deformable portions 40, 52, and 56, it is particularly desirable that at least the second deformable portion 52 is provided. That is, the marker part 53 is provided only in the second deformable part 52, or the marker part 53 is provided in the second deformable part 52, and then the first deformable part 40 and the third deformable part. It is preferable to provide the marker portions 41 and 58 in both of the 56 or only one of them.

  Since the first deformable portion 40 is formed in the bypass flow path 34 provided in the vicinity of the blood pump 20 on the blood supply flow path 12, the first deformable section 40 is relatively on the long blood flow path 12. Can be found easily. Further, the third deformable portion 54 is the same as the second deformable portion 53 sandwiched between the third connection portion 43 to which the electrolyte solution supply flow path 44 is connected, which is on the blood supply flow path 12. Since it is formed so as to be located on the opposite side, if the second deformable portion 53 is found, it can be easily found. Therefore, if at least the second deformable portion 40 is provided with the marker portion 53 so that the second deformable portion 40 can be easily found, the first, second, and third All of the deformable portions 40, 52, and 56 can be easily found from the blood supply channel 12.

  Therefore, when the marker part 53 is provided only in the second deformable part 52, or when the marker part 53 is provided in the second deformable part 52, the first deformable part 40 and the third deformable part. In the case where the marker portions 41 and 58 are provided in both of the portions 56, and further, the marker portion 53 is provided in the second deformable portion 52, and then the first deformable portion 40 and the third deformable portion 56. In any case where the marker portions 41, 58 are provided on any one of the first, second, and third deformable portions 40, 52, 56 as in the embodiment described above. The same actions and effects as when the marker portions 41, 53, and 58 are provided in the can be enjoyed effectively.

  Furthermore, the marker portions 41, 53, 58 formed on the first, second, and third deformable portions 40, 52, 56 are colored in colors other than the illustrated red, blue, yellow, It is of course possible to form the color markers having different colors. Also, instead of or in addition to such a color marker, a marker made of various patterns, characters, symbols, etc. is given, or different shapes are given as markers (shaped or shaped). Thus, the marker portions 41, 53, and 58 can be formed. When characters are employed as markers, for example, when performing a residual blood collecting operation, numbers representing the order in which pressing means such as pinch cocks 42 are attached to each deformable portion are used as markers. It may be used. By doing so, even an operator who is unfamiliar with the operation of collecting residual blood can perform the operation more easily and smoothly.

  Furthermore, the formation positions of the marker portions 41, 53, 58 in the first, second, and third deformable portions 40, 52, 56 are not particularly limited.

  Furthermore, in the above-described embodiment, the pinch cock 42 is used as the pressing means, but this pressing means is any one of the first, second, and third deformable portions 40, 52, and 56. As a result, the specific structure is particularly limited. It is not something. Therefore, instead of the illustrated pinch cock 42, for example, known pressing means such as forceps and various clamping devices can be used as appropriate. Of course, such a pressing means may be fixedly installed in a conventionally used dialysis apparatus, diafiltration apparatus, filtration apparatus or the like.

  In addition, the electrolyte solution introduction control means provided on the electrolyte solution supply channel 44 is also a known open / close attached to the electrolyte solution supply channel 44 such as various valve members in place of the illustrated switching cock 48. A pressing instrument that is detachably attached to the electrolyte solution supply channel 44 such as a mechanism, a pinch cock, forceps, and various clamping instruments can also be used.

  Furthermore, in the said embodiment, although the accommodation bag 46 was partitioned off with the partition device 60 which is a partition means, for example, when using the accommodation bag 46 in which a desired amount of physiological saline is previously stored, etc. In this case, it is not necessary to use such a partition device 60.

  Furthermore, in the above-described embodiment, by attaching the compression device 72 as the compression means to the storage bag 46, the internal pressure in the storage bag 46 is increased, and the blood collection operation is performed quickly. Without attaching the compression device 72, it is possible to sufficiently perform the blood recovery operation as described above only with the weight of physiological saline.

  Needless to say, the structure of the partitioning means and the pressing means is not limited to that shown in the embodiment. For example, instead of the compression device 72 that mechanically compresses, a structure in which the storage bag 46 is pressed from the outside by using fluid pressure may be employed.

  Furthermore, in the said embodiment, although physiological saline was filled in the accommodation bag 46 as physiological saline, physiological saline filled in those containers was introduced into the body. However, other known safe substances other than physiological saline can be used.

  In addition, in the above embodiment, a dialysis apparatus using a dialyzer (dialyzer) has been exemplified as a blood purification apparatus that is a subject of the present invention. However, the present invention is not limited to such a dialysis apparatus. Of course, the present invention can also be applied to diafiltration devices, filtration devices, and the like.

  In addition, although not listed one by one, the present invention can be implemented in a mode with various changes, modifications, improvements, and the like based on the knowledge of those skilled in the art. It goes without saying that all are included in the scope of the present invention without departing from the spirit of the invention.

It is a systematic diagram which shows an example of the blood purification apparatus according to this invention. It is front explanatory drawing which shows the partition instrument provided in the blood purification apparatus shown by FIG. It is front explanatory drawing which shows the compression instrument provided in the blood purification apparatus shown by FIG.

Explanation of symbols

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 10 Dializer 12 Blood supply flow path 14 Blood return flow path 20 Blood pump 22 Shunt blood vessel 32 Main line flow path 34 Bypass flow path 36 First connection part 38 Second connection part 40 First deformable part 41 First marker part 42 Pinch cock 43 Third connection 44 Electrolyte solution supply channel 46 Storage bag 48 Switching cock 51 Blood supply channel upstream side portion 52 Second deformed portion 53 Second marker portion 54 Blood supply channel intermediate portion 56 Third Deformable part 58 third marker part 60 partition device 72 compression device

Claims (6)

A purifier for purifying blood, a blood supply flow path for supplying blood to be purified to the purifier, and a blood provided on the blood supply flow path for delivering blood to the purifier A blood purification apparatus comprising: a pump means; and a blood return channel connected to the purifier and for returning blood purified by the purifier to the body,
A first connection located in the blood supply flow path portion upstream of the pump means in the blood flow direction and a second connection located in the blood supply flow path portion downstream of the pump means in the blood flow direction A bypass flow path that bypasses the pump means,
The bypass channel comprises at least a part of the bypass flow path and is crushed and deformed by the action of an external pressing force, and can be restored from the crushed deformation state by releasing the pressing force. A first deformable portion that prevents or allows liquid flow through the bypass flow path upon release;
In the container for accommodating the electrolyte solution and the third connection portion located in the blood supply flow path portion upstream of the first connection portion in the blood flow direction, the container is used as the blood supply flow path. An electrolyte solution supply means having an electrolyte solution supply channel connected thereto, wherein the electrolyte solution accommodated in the container is introduced into the blood supply channel through the electrolyte solution supply channel;
Electrolyte solution introduction control means for permitting or blocking the flow of the electrolyte solution from the electrolyte solution supply channel to the blood supply channel;
Comprising at least a part of the blood supply flow path portion located upstream in the blood flow direction with respect to the third connection portion, the portion is crushed and deformed by the action of an external pressing force, and is crushed and deformed by the release of the pressing force. Configured to be able to be restored from the state, and in accordance with the action / release of the pressing force, the liquid flow at the upstream side in the blood flow direction with respect to the third connection portion in the blood supply flow path portion is prevented or A second deformable part to allow;
The action of pressing force from the outside, comprising at least a part of the blood supply flow path portion located downstream in the blood flow direction from the third connection portion and upstream in the blood flow direction from the first connection portion. The third connection at the blood supply flow path portion is configured so that it can be restored from the crushing deformation state by releasing the pressing force while the pressing force is released. A third deformable portion for preventing or allowing liquid flow between the portion and the first connection portion;
The first deformable portion, the second deformable portion, and the third deformable portion are selectively and detachably attached to any one of the first deformable portion and the one deformable portion. Pressing means for applying a pressing force to the part from the outside,
For at least one of the first deformable part, the second deformable part, and the third deformable part, it is possible to distinguish between the three deformable parts. And a marker part that is provided with a marker that makes it possible to distinguish the at least one deformable part from other blood supply flow path parts, and
And the blood in the blood supply channel, the purifier, and the blood return channel is collected by the electrolyte solution introduced into the blood supply channel from the electrolyte solution supply means. A blood purification device.   At least one of the first deformable portion, the second deformable portion, and the third deformable portion is different from each other in the deformable portions to which the marker is to be provided and the marker is provided. The marker portion is formed on the at least one deformable portion by being colored in a color different from that of the blood supply flow path portion other than the deformable portion to be formed. Item 2. The blood purification apparatus according to Item 1.   The container in the electrolyte solution supply means is disposed at a position higher than the blood supply channel, the purifier, and the blood return channel in the direction of gravity, and the electrolyte solution in the container has an action of gravity. The blood purification apparatus according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the blood is collected by being configured to be supplied to the blood supply flow path, the purifier, and the blood return flow path.   The container is configured by a flexible bag body having a variable volume, and the volume of the bag body is reduced as the electrolyte solution stored in the bag body flows out. The blood purification apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 3.   The blood purification apparatus according to claim 4, further comprising a compression means for pressing the container from outside to increase the internal pressure of the electrolyte solution stored in the container. A partitioning means for partitioning the inside of the container in a liquid-tight manner is provided so as to be able to release the partitioning function, and exists in a portion of the container that is partitioned by the partitioning means on the side of the electrolyte solution supply channel communication side. The blood purification apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein only the electrolyte solution is introduced into the blood supply channel through the electrolyte solution supply channel.

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