JP4190831B2 - Breathable mortar, its production method, its use, breathable concrete, breathable structure and vegetation base structure - Google Patents

Description

[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a breathable mortar, a method for producing the same, a method for using the same, a breathable concrete, a breathable structure, and a vegetation base structure.
[0002]
[Prior art]
Conventionally, porous concrete having a porous material such as zeolite or pearlite and a continuous void inside is known. These are mainly used as civil engineering and building materials having air permeability and water permeability. And the purification | cleaning effect | action which porous materials, such as adsorption | suction and ion exchange, etc. were utilized when the air and water which permeate | transmitted porous concrete contact porous materials.
For example, Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 2000-129648 (Patent Document 1) describes porous concrete in which gravel is covered with a water purification powder and a gap is formed between the gravel and adhered with an adhesive.
Japanese Laid-Open Patent Publication No. 9-151544 (Patent Document 2) describes a building material in which zeolite particles are mixed in cellular concrete such as ALC (autoclaved lightweight concrete).
Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 7-315903 (Patent Document 3) describes a concrete for greening in which coarse aggregate is natural zeolite and fibers are added to maintain the shape.
[0003]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
However, the above-described conventional porous concrete has the following problems.
The technique described in Patent Document 1 uses gravel having a diameter of about 10 mm to 40 mm as an aggregate, and utilizes the fact that continuous voids are formed inside after adhesive molding depending on the size. The water purification material is fixed with an adhesive that bonds the aggregate by spraying from the outer surface after the aggregate is molded.
Therefore, since coarse aggregate with a large particle size is used, there is a problem that the base concrete has almost no fluidity even before solidification. In addition, since the water purification material is easily disposed in the vicinity of the surface and is difficult to be disposed inside, there is a problem that the purification action does not work on the water flow penetrating the inside of the porous concrete.
[0004]
The technique described in Patent Document 2 uses cellular concrete such as ALC, but these bubbles are almost independent cells, and become isolated bubbles as they go inside. Therefore, there is no breathability as a whole. In this technology, a large number of bubbles are exposed on the surface of the building material, thereby increasing the surface area of the building material and increasing the surface exposure amount of zeolite contained in the concrete, thereby increasing the air purification effect. . Therefore, there is a problem that it cannot be used for applications requiring air permeability and water permeability. In addition, there is a problem that the purification function of zeolite trapped inside the building material cannot be used effectively.
[0005]
The technique described in Patent Document 3 uses a zeolite or the like for coarse aggregate, and usually has a particle size that is 5 mm to 25 mm, but may be larger than this. Therefore, as in Patent Document 1, although a gap is formed between the coarse aggregates, there is a problem that fluidity does not exist even before solidification.
Moreover, the fiber described in Patent Document 3 has a diameter of 0.001 mm to 2.0 mm regardless of whether the material is organic or inorganic. Thereby, there exists an effect of making the maintenance of the shape of concrete favorable. In other words, there is no disclosure about the structure of the fiber for improving the air permeability, and since the fiber here is actually filled in the gap forming the coarse aggregate, the problem that it does not help improve the air permeability. was there.
[0006]
The present invention has been made in view of such problems, and incorporates a porous material so that its various functions can be efficiently utilized and has excellent fluidity before solidification. It is an object of the present invention to provide a breathable mortar, a production method thereof, a use method thereof, a breathable concrete and a breathable structure.
[0007]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
In order to solve the above-mentioned problem, in the invention described in claim 1, it is a breathable mortar having air bubbles inside and having breathability after solidification, and is made of a porous material having a maximum particle size of 5 mm or less. A fine aggregate, a solidifying material, water, and a fibrous material having air permeability are contained.
According to this invention, the air bubbles are communicated with each other through the air passage in the fibrous material, and the air permeability of the air permeable mortar is improved. And the porous material exposed to the bubble inner surface and the ventilation path of the fibrous material can come into contact with the permeating air, water, and the like. Further, since a porous material having a maximum particle size of 5 mm or less is used for the fine aggregate and air bubbles are further mixed therein, it can have fluidity before solidification.
[0008]
In addition, in this specification, although called a breathable mortar, the breathable mortar of this invention is also provided with water permeability. Therefore, although it should be correctly referred to as air permeability and water permeable mortar, in this specification, for the sake of simplicity, the term air permeability will be used as including water permeability. In the context, when the passing material is limited to water, the term water permeability may also be used.
In addition, mortar generally refers to a mixture of cement, sand and water, and sand generally refers to particles having a diameter of 2 mm or less. Therefore, the breathable mortar of the present invention is broader than general mortar. It is. However, since it is a porous material even if the particle size is large, it has a smaller apparent density than sand having the same particle size and has fluidity similar to that of mortar.
[0009]
In the invention according to claim 2, a breathable mortar having air bubbles inside and having breathability after solidification, a fine aggregate made of a porous material having a maximum particle size of 5 mm or less, a solidification material, It contains water and a fibrous material that is degraded by microorganisms.
According to the present invention, the mixed fibrous material is solidified in a state where the bubbles are connected, and then the fibrous material is decomposed by microorganisms to form voids, so that the breathability of the breathable mortar is improved. And the porous material exposed to the bubble inner surface and the ventilation path of the fibrous material can come into contact with the permeating air, water, and the like. Further, since a porous material having a maximum particle size of 5 mm or less is used for the fine aggregate and air bubbles are further mixed therein, it can have fluidity before solidification.
[0010]
In invention of Claim 3, in the air permeable mortar of Claim 2, the anaerobic microorganism which decomposes | disassembles the said fibrous material is added.
According to this invention, since anaerobic microorganisms are added, decomposition of the fibrous material can be promoted.
[0011]
In invention of Claim 4, in the air permeable mortar in any one of Claims 1-3, the said bubble is formed by adding a foaming agent.
According to this invention, the use of the foaming agent makes it easy to control the size, distribution and fluidity of the bubbles.
[0012]
According to a fifth aspect of the present invention, in the breathable mortar according to any one of the first to fourth aspects, the average diameter of the bubbles and the average diameter of the cross section in the short direction of the fibrous material are substantially equal. To.
According to the present invention, since the fibrous material can penetrate and remain in an appropriately sized bubble, the air permeability can be improved without reducing the strength of the air-permeable mortar after solidification. it can.
[0013]
In invention of Claim 6, it is set as the structure which the said porous material is a zeolite in the air permeable mortar in any one of Claims 1-5.
According to this invention, it can be set as the air permeability mortar provided with the functions which zeolite has, for example, functions, such as surface adsorption nature and ion exchange nature.
[0014]
In invention of Claim 7, it is set as breathable concrete containing the breathable mortar in any one of Claims 1-6, and coarse aggregate.
According to this invention, since the porous material is contained in the breathable mortar, the function of the porous material can be exhibited even in the breathable concrete. Moreover, even if the space | gap by a coarse aggregate is small, since air permeability is acquired by air permeable mortar, the magnitude | size of a coarse aggregate can be made small and it can be made into a thing with high fluidity | liquidity as concrete.
[0015]
The invention according to claim 8 is a breathable structure formed by placing the breathable mortar according to any one of claims 1 to 6 or the breathable concrete according to claim 7.
According to the present invention, it is possible to easily place even various shapes due to excellent fluidity, and it is possible to easily form a breathable structure that efficiently exhibits the function of the porous material. .
[0016]
In invention of Claim 9, it is set as the vegetation base structure in which a microbe decomposable organic substance is made to contain inside by forming by placing the air permeable mortar of Claim 2 or 3.
According to the present invention, when the fibrous material contained in the breathable mortar is decomposed, it becomes a fertilizer, so that the trouble of adding the fertilizer can be eliminated or reduced.
[0017]
The invention according to claim 10 is a method for producing a breathable mortar having air bubbles inside and having a breathability after solidification, wherein the solidification material and the porous material are mixed in water, and these are peptized. Mixing and stirring while adding air bubbles and fibrous material, and then producing a breathable mortar.
According to this invention, it is possible to disperse the particle size of the porous material by peptization and to disperse it uniformly in the breathable mortar. Moreover, the fluidity | liquidity of breathable mortar can be improved.
[0018]
In invention of Claim 11, it is set as the usage method of the breathable mortar characterized by placing the breathable mortar in any one of Claims 1-6 as a filler.
According to the present invention, it is possible to form a structure having an air gap and a porous material having a function such as a purifying function, for example, after the solidification by filling the irregular void.
[0019]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the accompanying drawings. Throughout all the drawings of each embodiment, the same or corresponding members are denoted by the same reference numerals, and description thereof will be omitted as appropriate. Each drawing is a schematic diagram, and the size is exaggerated for easy viewing.
[0020]
The breathable mortar 1 according to the first embodiment of the present invention will be described.
Fig.1 (a) is a schematic diagram for demonstrating the breathable mortar 1 which concerns on the 1st Embodiment of this invention. FIG. 1B is an enlarged schematic diagram of FIG.
[0021]
The breathable mortar 1 is composed of a porous fine aggregate kneading mortar 2, bubbles 3 and fibers 4 (fibrous material). The porous fine aggregate kneading mortar 2 is obtained by kneading a porous material 2a, a solidifying material 2b, and water 2c.
As shown in FIG. 1B, the porous material 2a, the bubbles 3 and the fibers 4 are randomly dispersed in a paste-like base material in which the solidifying material 2b and water 2c are mixed. And inside the bubble 3, the state which the surface of the porous material 2a, the front-end | tip of the fiber 4, etc. penetrated is formed.
Hereinafter, each component will be described in detail.
[0022]
As long as the porous material 2a has strength as an aggregate, an appropriate porous material can be used depending on the function according to the purpose, for example, adsorption, ion exchange, catalytic action, weight reduction, deodorization, bubble formation, etc. Can be adopted. For example, zeolite, pearlite, activated carbon, etc. can be employed. However, in order to obtain sufficient fluidity, it is used as a fine aggregate. Specifically, the maximum particle size is 5 mm or less.
[0023]
For example, when the air-permeable mortar 1 after solidification is used as an air purification material or a water purification material, zeolite can be preferably used.
Zeolite is classified into natural zeolite, synthetic zeolite, and artificial zeolite, and any of them can be adopted in this embodiment.
[0024]
Natural zeolite has SiO as a chemical component. ₂ , Al ₂ O ₃ , Alkali metals, alkaline earth metals, and even H ₂ A general term for a group of minerals containing O and having a three-dimensional network structure, also called zeolite. In any case, the surface has a large number of pores of molecular size, thereby providing an excellent adsorption action. Furthermore, it has ion exchange properties. For this reason, harmful substances, such as a heavy metal and a radioactive substance, can be adsorbed. Furthermore, it has a water retention function that adsorbs and retains moisture. Moreover, when placed in an alkaline environment, neutralization thereof can be promoted.
Moreover, a magnitude | size can be made into an appropriate magnitude | size by grind | pulverizing from the produced state.
[0025]
Synthetic zeolites and artificial zeolites are obtained by forming substances similar in nature to natural zeolite from various substances by an industrial method. Therefore, the adsorptivity and ion exchange properties are improved. Further, unlike natural zeolite, it is produced as a granular material having a regular shape such as a spherical shape or a cylindrical shape, so that the trouble of pulverizing is not required.
[0026]
The bubbles 3 are mixed and dispersed inside the porous fine aggregate kneading mortar 2 as closed cells having a particle size in a predetermined range by a method described later. The lower limit value of the mixing rate of the bubbles 3 is set to 10% or more by volume ratio with respect to the breathable mortar 1. The upper limit value can be appropriately set according to the strength at the time of solidification and the degree of air permeability, but is preferably set to 40% or less in consideration of the distribution with the fibers 4 described later.
[0027]
In the present embodiment, the fibers 4 are added mainly for the purpose of contacting the plurality of bubbles 3 to communicate with each other and changing the bubbles 3 to open cell properties. That is, when the fibers 4 are in contact with the plurality of bubbles 3, they need to serve as pipes that connect them.
Therefore, a material having air permeability, being decomposed by microorganisms, or having both properties is employed. That is, if it has air permeability, the plurality of bubbles 3 are communicated by the function of the fibers 4 themselves. Moreover, if it has the property decomposed | disassembled by microorganisms, after the air permeable mortar 1 solidifies, the fiber 4 is decomposed | disassembled, a clearance gap will be produced in the fiber 4, or the fiber 4 will lose | disappear, and the air permeability solidified Since voids are generated in the mortar 1, communication is realized.
[0028]
Further, the average diameter of the cross section in the short direction of the fibers 4 (hereinafter referred to as the average diameter of the fibers 4) is set to be approximately the same as the average diameter of the bubbles 3. In order to increase the probability of contact between the bubbles 3 and the fibers 4, it is obvious that both the quantity and the bubble diameter of the bubbles 3 should be increased, but if both are increased simultaneously, the strength of the breathable mortar 1 decreases. . That is, there is a trade-off between the number of bubbles 3 and the bubble diameter. In this case, it is more efficient to reduce the bubble diameter and increase the distribution density of the number of bubbles 3. On the other hand, if the bubble diameter is smaller than the average diameter of the fibers 4, it is difficult for the plurality of fibers 4 to contact one bubble 3. Therefore, the most efficient condition for bringing the fibers 4 into contact with the bubbles 3 is that the average diameter of the bubbles 3 and the average diameter of the fibers 4 are approximately the same.
At that time, the length of the fiber 4 is set to be at least the average distance between the bubbles 3.
[0029]
As an example of such a fiber 4, there can be mentioned a fiber having voids continuous in the longitudinal direction inside. Moreover, what can be decomposed | disassembled by microorganisms can mention organic fiber, for example, natural plant fiber, pulp fiber, fiber made from biodegradable plastics, etc.
[0030]
When an organic fiber that can be decomposed by microorganisms is used as the fiber 4, it is normally expected to be decomposed by the action of microorganisms existing in nature, but an anaerobic microorganism that decomposes the fiber 4 into the breathable mortar 1 (not shown). May be added. Thereby, decomposition | disassembly of the fiber 4 is accelerated | stimulated and there exists an advantage that time until it produces air permeability after solidification can be shortened.
Further, the anaerobic microorganisms may be added so as to penetrate into the inside of the fiber 4 before the fiber 4 is mixed, instead of being added directly to the breathable mortar 1. By doing so, anaerobic microorganisms are efficient and efficient.
[0031]
The mixing ratio of the fibers 4 to the breathable mortar 1 is a volume ratio so that the lower limit is 10% or more. It is preferable that the mixing rate of the bubbles 3 is approximately the same. Therefore, the upper limit value of the mixing rate of the fibers 4 is preferably 40% or less.
[0032]
As the solidifying material 2b, a cement-based material such as ordinary Portland cement, blast furnace slag cement, fly ash cement, or the like can be used.
The water 2c is used in a mass ratio of 50% to 1000% with respect to the solidified material 2b. However, the amount of water absorbed by the fibers 4 is excluded.
[0033]
Next, the manufacturing method of the breathable mortar 1 which concerns on this embodiment is demonstrated.
First, the porous material 2a, the solidified material 2b and the water 2c pulverized to a predetermined particle diameter are mixed in an appropriate agitator and stirred to form a porous fine aggregate kneading mortar 2, and the fibers 4 are put therein. Further, the mixture is stirred. At this time, a large amount of water 2c is added in consideration of the water absorption amount of the fibers 4.
[0034]
On the other hand, the bubbles 3 are produced by an appropriate bubble producing machine and mixed with the porous fine aggregate kneading mortar 2. Then, the porous material 2a, the fibers 4 and the bubbles 3 are stirred for an appropriate time until they are uniformly dispersed. In this way, a breathable mortar 1 is obtained.
Each blending amount can be appropriately determined according to the fluidity before solidification, the air permeability after solidification, the strength and the specific gravity.
[0035]
The bubbles 3 can be produced, for example, by diluting an appropriate foaming material with water and adding compressed air. Examples of the foaming material include a protein system, a surfactant system, and a resin system. When mixed with the porous fine aggregate kneading mortar 2, an average diameter comparable to the average diameter of the fibers 4 can be obtained. Anything can be used.
[0036]
In addition, when using the air permeable mortar 1 as fillers, such as a backfill material, in order to improve fluidity | liquidity, you may use the following manufacturing methods.
First, the porous material 2a, the solidifying material 2b, and the water 2c are stirred while peptizing using a stirrer with a peptizing function. By this strong shear stirring, coagulation sedimentation is suppressed. That is, it is possible to reliably prevent the porous materials 2a from adsorbing to each other in the air-permeable mortar 1 to increase the apparent particle size and to make the particle size distribution uneven, so that excellent fluidity can be obtained. .
[0037]
Next, the fibers 4 and the bubbles 3 are mixed and stirred. At this time, the peptization function is canceled and stirring is performed so that the fibers 4 are not broken. In this way, a breathable mortar 1 with improved fluidity is obtained.
[0038]
In the above description, the bubbles 3 are separately manufactured and mixed. However, by adding a chemically reactive foaming material (foaming material) to the porous fine aggregate kneading mortar 2, It may be generated. As such a foam material, aluminum (Al) powder can be used. Al powder is an alkali component contained in the porous fine aggregate kneading mortar 2, for example, Ca (OH). ₂ To generate hydrogen gas, and thus bubbles 3 are obtained. At that time, if an appropriate foaming stabilizer that imparts an appropriate viscosity is added to the porous fine aggregate kneading mortar 2, bubbles 3 having a more stable particle diameter can be obtained.
[0039]
Next, the function and effect of the breathable mortar 1 will be described.
The air-permeable mortar 1 has excellent fluidity, like a general mortar, before being solidified, and thus can be molded by placing it in a gap or a form of any shape. That is, it can be used as a filler. At that time, the porous material 2a having a small apparent specific gravity and a large amount of fibers 4 and bubbles 3 having a low specific gravity as compared with the aggregate are included, so that the filler is extremely light. Moreover, after solidification, it has moderate strength and air permeability.
[0040]
FIG. 1 (b) shows the composition before solidification, but after solidification, the region of the water 2c and the solidification material 2b is merely a solidified product, and the positional relationship between the porous material 2a, the bubbles 3 and the fibers 4 is as follows. Since there is no change, the description after solidification will be described below with reference to FIG.
[0041]
As shown in FIG. 1B, the bubbles 3 are dispersed at a distance from each other. However, since the air-permeable mortar 1 is mixed with a large amount of the porous material 2a and the fibers 4, the bubbles 3 Inside, the porous material 2a and the fiber 4 exist with a considerable probability. In addition, since the average length of the fibers 4 is longer than the average interval between the bubbles 3, the fibers 4 penetrate into the plurality of bubbles 3 with a very high probability. When the fibers 4, the porous material 2a, and the like enter the bubbles 3, the particle diameter of the bubbles 3 increases. Therefore, even if the diameter of the closed cell is substantially the same as the diameter of the fiber 4, a plurality of fibers 4 can enter as shown in FIG.
When the fiber 4 has air permeability, the bubbles 3 are communicated with each other to form continuous bubbles. Moreover, when the fiber 4 is decomposed | disassembled by microorganisms, after the predetermined time passes, the fiber 4 will be decomposed | disassembled and a space | gap will arise in a solidified material, The bubble 3 will be connected and it will become a continuous bubble. Since the degree of breathability depends on the ratio of continuous bubbles communicating with the surface, in general, the greater the number of bubbles 3 and fibers 4, the better the breathability. Therefore, the degree of air permeability can be controlled by adjusting the amount of each mixture.
[0042]
Since the porous material 2a is contained in the bubble 3 with a considerable probability or at least the surface is exposed, air or water entering from the outside of the breathable mortar 1 comes into contact with the porous material 2a. It becomes possible. Therefore, the adsorption action, ion exchange action, etc. possessed by a large number of porous materials 2a dispersed inside the breathable mortar 1 are effective, and can be used as, for example, an air purification material or a water quality purification material.
Thereby, the effective use of the porous material 2a can be aimed at, and it becomes possible to extend the useful life of the adsorption | suction and purification | cleaning effect | action.
[0043]
Further, if coarse aggregate is added to the breathable mortar 1 and kneaded, breathable concrete having breathability when solidified can be obtained. In this case, since air permeability occurs in the solidified portion of the air permeable mortar 1, air permeability is ensured even if there is no gap between the coarse aggregates. Therefore, it is not necessary to increase the particle size of the coarse aggregate in order to create a gap between the coarse aggregates, and the concrete can be made to have a relatively high fluidity. can get. Moreover, it can be set as breathable concrete provided with an adsorption action and ion exchange property by the porous material 2a. In addition, it is also possible to use a porous material, especially zeolite, as the coarse aggregate, and in this case, the effect of zeolite is further increased.
[0044]
Next, an air purification structure (breathable structure) according to a second embodiment of the present invention will be described.
FIG. 2 is a perspective explanatory view for explaining an air purification structure 5 which is an example of the present embodiment. FIG. 3 is a perspective explanatory view for explaining an air purification structure 6 which is another example of the present embodiment.
[0045]
In the present embodiment, a breathable structure having an air purification action using the breathable mortar 1 is provided.
The air purification structure 5 is an example thereof, and is a panel-like structure in which the breathable mortar 1 according to the first embodiment of the present invention or an appropriate coarse aggregate is added thereto. The manufacturing method may be cast on site or may be a precast plate that is manufactured, transported and installed outside the site such as a factory. Moreover, when adding a coarse aggregate, you may manufacture as a pre-pact concrete prepared by throwing the coarse aggregate first and filling the breathable mortar 1 later.
Therefore, structures having various shapes such as a box shape and an annular shape can be formed in addition to the illustrated shape.
For this reason, the air purification structure 5 is ventilated by artificial or natural means as shown in the figure, and the porous material 2a included in the air purification structure 5 allows fine particles, harmful substances contained in the air, Odors can be adsorbed or decomposed.
[0046]
As a modification of the present embodiment, the breathable mortar 1 can be combined with a part of the structure.
FIG. 3 shows an air purification structure 6 as an example.
The air purification structure 6 includes a support panel 6 a and a breathable mortar 1.
The support panel 6a is a structural material such as wood, concrete, or steel frame. The breathable mortar 1 is bonded to the surface of the support panel 6a by spraying it on the support panel 6a or by using a mold.
After the air-permeable mortar 1 is solidified, the air purification structure 6 has air permeability on the surface, and can have an air purification action by the action of the porous material 2a. For this reason, it can be used as a building outer wall having an air purification effect. Since the flowability of the breathable mortar 1 enables spraying, there is an advantage that it can be easily applied to existing buildings.
[0047]
The air purification structures 5 and 6 have a function as a water retaining wall that retains water in the porous material 2a when rainwater or the like is received, and the water around the structure evaporates to evaporate the temperature around the structure. An adjustment function can be exhibited. Therefore, it is suitable as a building material for preventing heat island formation.
[0048]
Next, a water purification structure (breathable structure) according to a third embodiment of the present invention will be described.
FIG. 4 is a perspective explanatory view for explaining a water purification system 7 which is an example of the present embodiment. FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional explanatory diagram for explaining a water purification structure 12 as an example of the present embodiment.
[0049]
The water purification structures 8a, 8b, and 12 of the present embodiment are structures in which the breathable mortar 1 according to the first embodiment of the present invention or an appropriate coarse aggregate is added thereto.
Each of the water purification structures 8a and 8b is configured in a wall shape or a plate shape.
The water purification structure 12 is configured in a box shape, a cylindrical shape, or a pipe line having a U-shaped cross section that opens upward. The manufacturing method may be cast on site, may be a precast plate, or may be prepact concrete.
[0050]
FIG. 4 shows an example in which the water purification system 7 is configured using the water purification structures 8a and 8b.
The water purification system 7 is a septic tank provided on the bottom surface 11 of the septic tank and having a sewage entrance (not shown). By providing the water purification structures 8a and 8b on the bottom surface 11 of the purification tank, the purification layer is partitioned into the purification tanks 9a, 9b and 9c. And the sewage 10a of the septic tank 9a always forms a one-way flow toward the water purification structure 8a by appropriate means, for example, elevation difference, artificial water flow or the like.
[0051]
Therefore, the sewage 10a passes through the water purification structure 8a, moves to the purification tank 9b, and further passes through the water purification structure 8b to reach the purification tank 9c. In the process of passing through the water purification structures 8a and 8b, various substances which are dirty water are adsorbed or decomposed by the action of the porous material 2a. Thus, the purified water 10b is stored in the septic tank 9c.
[0052]
FIG. 5 shows an example in which the water purification structure 12 is installed in the sewage 10a to perform water purification. Since the water purification structure 12 is disposed such that the opening is above the surface of the sewage 10a, the sewage 10a permeates the water purification structure 12 by natural water pressure, and the opening of the water purification structure 12 is opened. The purified water 10b is stored. And the flow of the sewage 10a is maintainable by draining the purified water 10b suitably.
[0053]
Next, a method for using the breathable mortar according to the fourth embodiment of the present invention will be described.
FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional explanatory view for explaining a water pipe 15 constructed using the breathable mortar according to the present embodiment as the backfilling material 14. FIG. 7 is a cross-sectional explanatory view for explaining the drainage channel 16.
[0054]
The water pipe 15 is buried in the natural ground 13 and feeds the sewage 10a. For example, a concrete pipe or a steel pipe can be adopted as the water pipe 15. Fixing to the natural ground 13 is performed by injecting a backfill material 14 (filler) between the water pipe 15 and the excavated natural ground 13. The backfill material 14 employs the same configuration as the breathable mortar 1 according to the first embodiment of the present invention.
[0055]
The drainage channel 16 is a U-shaped pipe having an upward opening and made of, for example, a concrete block. Fixing to the natural ground 13 is performed by filling a backfill material 17 (filler) between the drainage channel 16 and the excavated natural ground 13. The backfill material 17 adopts the same configuration as the breathable mortar 1 according to the first embodiment of the present invention.
[0056]
According to these configurations, even when the sewage 10a leaks from the joint of the water pipe 15 and the drainage channel 16, the water quality is purified by the porous material 2a contained in the backfilling material 14, and then the ground 13 Therefore, environmental pollution due to leakage of the sewage 10a can be prevented.
[0057]
Next, a vegetation infrastructure structure according to a fifth embodiment of the present invention will be described.
Fig.8 (a) is sectional explanatory drawing for demonstrating the tree planting revetment structure 20 (vegetation base structure) which concerns on this embodiment. FIG. 8B is an explanatory cross-sectional view for explaining the greening block 23.
[0058]
The revegetation revetment structure 20 reinforces the slope of the levee body with respect to the river 18 and enables the plant 19 to grow.
As shown to Fig.8 (a), the greening revetment structure 20 knead | mixes the aggregate 20a of an appropriate magnitude | size with the air permeable mortar 1 which concerns on the 1st Embodiment of this invention, and a mold is carried out on-site. It is formed by placing or spraying using a frame, or by forming and installing a precast concrete block produced by a material other than the site such as a factory. At this time, the breathable mortar 1 to be used has a configuration in which the fibers 4 are organic fibers that can be decomposed by microorganisms, and an appropriate anaerobic microorganism is added as necessary. Moreover, the zeolite with ion exchange property is used for the porous material 2a.
[0059]
The aggregate 20a may not be added when the necessary strength and void 20b are secured by the porous material 2a in the breathable mortar 1.
The space 20b is appropriately adjusted according to the size of the bubbles 3 and the fibers 4 and the size of the aggregate 20a so that the root 19a of the plant 19 intended for reproduction can penetrate.
[0060]
According to such a greening revetment structure 20, the neutralization of concrete is promoted by the action of the zeolite which is the porous material 2a, and the plant 19 is easy to grow. Moreover, compost components, such as nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium, are formed in the greening revetment structure 20 by the fibers 4 being decomposed by microorganisms. In addition, they remain in the greening revetment structure 20 by being adsorbed by the porous material 2a without being flowed into a water flow or the like. Therefore, there is an advantage that the reproduction of the plant 19 can be promoted without taking the trouble of filling the gap 20b with fertilizer or humus.
Further, the greening revetment structure 20 has an action of promoting the material circulation in the natural world by adsorbing the eutrophication substances in the river 18 and removing them from the river 18 and absorbing them in the propagating plants 19. By this material circulation, it is possible to constantly maintain the adsorption capacity and ion exchange capacity without immobilizing the substance adsorbed in the porous material 2a.
[0061]
In addition, if such a greening revetment structure 20 is installed in a river into which sewage such as domestic wastewater flows, the sewage can be purified and then permeated into the surrounding ground, thus contributing to prevention of environmental pollution. it can.
[0062]
The greening block 23 shown in FIG. 8 (b) is a precast concrete block having the same material configuration as that of the greening revetment structure 20 and arranged on the ground 24. Reference numeral 22 is topsoil.
According to such a greening block 23, for example, a water-permeable pavement that can be easily greened by planting the plant 19 can be formed. It also serves as a water purification function. Furthermore, since a large amount of water can be retained in the porous material 2a, it has a temperature reducing action due to the heat of vaporization when it evaporates, which is suitable as a measure for preventing heat island formation.
[0063]
In addition, you may use the greening block 23 as a wall greening material of a building, or a tunnel inner wall, without placing it on the ground. In that case, the oxygen supply by the plant 19 and the air purification action of the porous material 2a can be synergistic and used as a functional wall having an excellent ventilation function.
[0064]
In the air-permeable structure described above, the surface and the inner surface of the air-permeable structure are not clogged by peeling off the surface by using a retarder or by spraying a water jet at the initial stage of construction or maintenance. By doing so, the effect of the breathable structure can be further improved.
[0065]
【The invention's effect】
As described above, according to the breathable mortar of the present invention and the method for producing the same, the porous material is incorporated, and various functions can be utilized efficiently, and the fluidity before solidification is excellent. There is an effect that can be provided.
According to the method of using the breathable mortar of the present invention, by using the breathable mortar of the present invention as a filler, the backfill layer having various functions of the porous material between the structure and the natural ground There is an effect that can be formed.
According to the breathable concrete of the present invention, even if the coarse aggregate has a small particle size, the breathable concrete can be provided. Therefore, there is an effect that the breathable concrete can have high fluidity before solidification.
According to the air permeable structure of this invention, there exists an effect that it can be set as the air permeable structure provided with the various function of the porous material.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram and an enlarged schematic diagram for explaining a breathable mortar according to a first embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is an explanatory perspective view for explaining an air purification structure which is an example of a breathable structure according to a second embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 3 is an explanatory perspective view for explaining another example of the air purification structure according to the present embodiment.
FIG. 4 is a perspective explanatory view for explaining a water purification system which is an example of a breathable structure according to a third embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional explanatory view for explaining a water purification structure that is an example of a breathable structure according to the present embodiment.
FIG. 6 is an explanatory cross-sectional view for explaining a method of using a breathable mortar according to a fourth embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 7 is an explanatory cross-sectional view for explaining another example of the present embodiment.
FIG. 8 is an explanatory cross-sectional view for explaining a vegetation base structure according to a fifth embodiment of the present invention.
[Explanation of symbols]
1 Breathable mortar
2a Porous material
2b Solidified material
2c water
3 bubbles
4 Fiber (fibrous material)
5, 6 Air purification structure (breathable structure)
8a, 8b Water purification structure (breathable structure)
12 Water purification structure (breathable structure)
14 Backfilling material (filler)
17 Backfill material (filler)
19 plants
20 Greening revetment structure (vegetation base structure)
20a Aggregate
23 Greening block (vegetation base structure)

Claims (11)

A breathable mortar having air bubbles inside and having breathability after solidification,
A breathable mortar comprising a fine aggregate made of a porous material having a maximum particle size of 5 mm or less, a solidifying material, water, and a fibrous material having breathability. A breathable mortar having air bubbles inside and having breathability after solidification,
A breathable mortar comprising a fine aggregate made of a porous material having a maximum particle size of 5 mm or less, a solidifying material, water, and a fibrous material decomposed by microorganisms. The breathable mortar according to claim 2, further comprising an anaerobic microorganism that decomposes the fibrous material. The breathable mortar according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the foam is formed by adding a foaming agent. The breathable mortar according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein an average diameter of the bubbles and an average diameter of a cross section in the short direction of the fibrous material are substantially equal. The breathable mortar according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the porous material is zeolite. Breathable concrete containing the breathable mortar according to any one of claims 1 to 6 and coarse aggregate. A breathable structure formed by placing the breathable mortar according to any one of claims 1 to 6 or the breathable concrete according to claim 7. A vegetation base structure in which a microbe-decomposable organic substance is contained inside by forming the breathable mortar according to claim 2 or 3. A method for producing a breathable mortar having bubbles inside and having breathability after solidification,
A method for producing a breathable mortar, comprising mixing a solidified material and a porous material in water, mixing and stirring them while peptizing them, and then adding bubbles and a fibrous material. A method for using a breathable mortar, wherein the breathable mortar according to any one of claims 1 to 6 is cast as a filler.

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