JP4497797B2 - Hydrogen storage alloy electrode, manufacturing method thereof, and alkaline storage battery - Google Patents
Hydrogen storage alloy electrode, manufacturing method thereof, and alkaline storage battery Download PDFInfo
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- JP4497797B2 JP4497797B2 JP2002203693A JP2002203693A JP4497797B2 JP 4497797 B2 JP4497797 B2 JP 4497797B2 JP 2002203693 A JP2002203693 A JP 2002203693A JP 2002203693 A JP2002203693 A JP 2002203693A JP 4497797 B2 JP4497797 B2 JP 4497797B2
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
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Description
【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
この発明は、結着剤によって水素吸蔵合金粉末が電極芯体に付着されてなる水素吸蔵合金電極及びこのような水素吸蔵合金電極の製造方法並びにこのような水素吸蔵合金電極を負極に用いたアルカリ蓄電池に係り、特に、アルカリ蓄電池における放電特性を向上させるために、粒径の小さな水素吸蔵合金粉末を用いた場合等においても、電極芯体にこの水素吸蔵合金粉末が十分に付着されるようにした点に特徴を有するものである。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
従来より、アルカリ蓄電池の一つとして、ニッケル・水素蓄電池が知られており、このようなニッケル・水素蓄電池においては、一般にその負極として、電極芯体に、少なくとも水素吸蔵合金粉末と結着剤とを付与した水素吸蔵合金電極が使用されていた。
【0003】
ここで、このような水素吸蔵合金電極を製造するにあたり、従来においては、一般に水素吸蔵合金粉末に結着剤を加えてペーストを調製し、このペーストをパンチングメタル等の電極芯体に付着させるようにしていた。
【0004】
また、近年においては、上記のようなアルカリ蓄電池における放電特性を向上させるため、負極の水素吸蔵合金電極に、粒径の小さな水素吸蔵合金粉末を用いるようにしたり、導電剤を添加させることが行われている。
【0005】
ここで、上記のように水素吸蔵合金電極に、粒径の小さな水素吸蔵合金粉末を用いたり、導電剤を添加させるようにすると、水素吸蔵合金粉末が電極芯体から離脱され易くなって、水素吸蔵合金粉末が電極芯体に十分に保持されなくなり、このような水素吸蔵合金電極を負極に用いたアルカリ蓄電池を充放電させた場合におけるサイクル特性が低下する等の問題があった。
【0006】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
この発明は、水素吸蔵合金粉末を結着剤によって電極芯体に付着させるようにした水素吸蔵合金電極及びこの水素吸蔵合金電極を負極に用いたアルカリ蓄電池における上記のような問題を解決することを課題とするものである。
【0007】
すなわち、この発明においては、アルカリ蓄電池における放電特性を向上させるため、水素吸蔵合金電極に、粒径の小さな水素吸蔵合金粉末を用いるようにしたり、導電剤を添加させるようにした場合においても、水素吸蔵合金粉末が電極芯体に十分に保持されるようにし、アルカリ蓄電池におけるサイクル特性が低下するのを防止することを課題とするものである。
【0008】
【課題を解決するための手段】
この発明における水素吸蔵合金電極においては、上記のような課題を解決するため、水素吸蔵合金粉末と少なくともポリビニルピロリドンとが混合されたペーストを電極芯体に付着してなる水素吸蔵合金電極において、前記ペースト中に酸化モリブデンがさらに混合されると共に、この電極にリン酸塩が付与されているようにしたのである。
【0009】
そして、このように少なくともポリビニルピロリドンを含む結着剤によって水素吸蔵合金粉末が電極芯体に付着されてなる水素吸蔵合金電極に酸化モリブデンとリン酸塩とを付与すると、上記のポリビニルピロリドンと酸化モリブデンとリン酸イオンとにより錯体が形成されて、ポリビニルピロリドンが架橋された構造になると考えられ、これにより結着剤における結着効果が高まって、水素吸蔵合金粉末が電極芯体に十分に保持されるようになると推察される。
【0010】
そして、この発明におけるアルカリ蓄電池においては、上記のような水素吸蔵合金電極を負極に用いるようにしたため、粒径の小さな水素吸蔵合金粉末を用いた場合等においても、この水素吸蔵合金粉末が電極芯体に十分に保持されるようになり、このアルカリ蓄電池を充放電させた場合に、水素吸蔵合金粉末が電極芯体から離脱するのが抑制されて、サイクル特性が低下するのが防止され、放電特性に優れると共に、十分なサイクル特性を有するアルカリ蓄電池が得られるようになる。
【0011】
ここで、上記のような水素吸蔵合金電極を製造するにあたっては、例えば、請求項2に記載したように、少なくとも水素吸蔵合金粉末とポリビニルピロリドンと酸化モリブデンとを電極芯体に付着させて電極を作製後、この電極にリン酸イオンを含む溶液を塗布させて製造することができる。
【0012】
ここで、この発明の水素吸蔵合金電極において使用する水素吸蔵合金の種類は特に限定されず、一般に使用されている公知のものを用いることができ、例えば、希土類ニッケル系水素吸蔵合金,ZrNi等のZr−Ni系水素吸蔵合金,TiFe等のTi−Fe系水素吸蔵合金,ZrMn2 等のZr−Mn系水素吸蔵合金,TiMn1.5 等のTi−Mn系水素吸蔵合金,Mg2 Ni等のMg−Ni系水素吸蔵合金等を用いることができる。
【0013】
【実施例】
以下、この発明の実施例に係る水素吸蔵合金電極及びその製造方法並びにアルカリ蓄電池について具体的に説明すると共に、この実施例の水素吸蔵合金電極においては、水素吸蔵合金粉末が電極芯体に十分に保持されるようになることを、比較例を挙げて明らかにする。なお、この発明における水素吸蔵合金電極及びその製造方法並びにアルカリ蓄電池は、下記の実施例に示したものに限定されず、その要旨を変更しない範囲において適宜変更して実施できるものである。
【0014】
(実施例1)
この実施例においては、負極活物質となる水素吸蔵合金粉末として、希土類元素の混合物(LaとCeとPrとNdとが25:50:6:19の重量比)であるミッシュメタル(Mm)とNiとCoとAlとMnとからなるMmNi3.2 Co1.0 Al0.2 Mn0.6 の組成になった平均粒径が約30μmの水素吸蔵合金粉末を用いた。
【0015】
そして、上記の水素吸蔵合金粉末100重量部に対して、酸化モリブデンが0.5重量部、ポリエチレンオキシドが0.5重量部、ポリビニルピロリドンが0.5重量部の割合になるように加えると共にこれに少量の水を加え、これらを均一に混合させてペーストを調整し、このペーストを鉄にニッケルめっきを施したパンチングメタルからなる電極芯体の両面に均一に塗布し、これを乾燥させた。その後、水100重量部に対してリン酸水素二ナトリウムが0.5重量部の割合になったリン酸イオンを含む溶液を上記の電極の両面に均一に塗布し、これを乾燥し、圧延させて、この実施例の水素吸蔵合金電極を作製した。
【0016】
(比較例1)
比較例1においては、上記の実施例1における水素吸蔵合金電極の作製において、水100重量部に対してリン酸水素二ナトリウムが0.5重量部の割合になった上記のリン酸イオンを含む溶液を電極芯体に塗布しないようにし、それ以外は、上記の実施例1の場合と同様にして水素吸蔵合金電極を作製した。
【0017】
(比較例2)
比較例2においては、上記の実施例1における水素吸蔵合金電極の作製において、酸化モリブデンを加えないようにし、それ以外は、上記の実施例1の場合と同様にして水素吸蔵合金電極を作製した。
【0018】
(比較例3)
比較例3においては、上記の実施例1における水素吸蔵合金電極の作製において、酸化モリブデンを加えないようにすると共に、水100重量部に対してリン酸水素二ナトリウムが0.5重量部の割合になった上記の溶液を電極芯体に塗布しないようにし、それ以外は、上記の実施例1の場合と同様にして水素吸蔵合金電極を作製した。
【0019】
次に、上記のようにして作製した実施例1及び比較例1〜3の各水素吸蔵合金電極の片面にそれぞれ接着テープを貼り付け、その一端にバネ秤を取り付けて引っ張り、電極芯体から負極活物質の水素吸蔵合金が剥離された時点におけるバネ秤の引張荷重を測定して、各水素吸蔵合金電極における負極活物質の剥離強度(kg/cm2 )を求め、その結果を下記の表1に示した。
【0020】
【表1】
【0021】
この結果、負極活物質の水素吸蔵合金粉末を電極芯体に付与するにあたり、少なくともポリビニルピロリドンを含む結着剤と共に、酸化モリブデンとリン酸水素二ナトリウムとを加えた実施例1の水素吸蔵合金電極は、リン酸水素二ナトリウムを加えていない比較例1の水素吸蔵合金電極や、酸化モリブデンを加えていない比較例2の水素吸蔵合金電極や、酸化モリブデンとリン酸水素二ナトリウムとの双方を加えていない比較例3の水素吸蔵合金電極に比べて、負極活物質の剥離強度が大きく向上していた。
【0022】
そして、上記のようにして作製した実施例の水素吸蔵合金電極を負極に使用して、図1に示すような円筒型のアルカリ蓄電池を製造するにあたっては、一般に、その正極1に焼結式ニッケル極を使用すると共に、電解液に水酸化カリウム水溶液等のアルカリ電解液を用いるようにする。
【0023】
そして、上記のように作製した実施例の水素吸蔵合金電極を負極2に使用してアルカリ蓄電池を製造するにあたっては、この負極2と正極1との間に耐アルカリ性のセパレータ3を介在させ、これらをスパイラル状に巻いて電池缶4内に収容させた後、この電池缶4内に上記のアルカリ電解液を注液して封口し、正極1を正極リード5を介して正極蓋6に接続させると共に、負極2を負極リード7を介して電池缶4に接続させ、電池缶4と正極蓋6とを絶縁パッキン8により電気的に分離させるようにすると共に、上記の正極蓋6と正極外部端子9との間にコイルスプリング10を設け、電池の内圧が所定圧以上に上昇した場合には、このコイルスプリング10が圧縮されて電池内部のガスが大気中に放出されるようにする。
【0024】
ここで、上記のように作製した実施例の水素吸蔵合金電極をアルカリ蓄電池に負極2に使用すると、このアルカリ蓄電池における放電特性を向上させるため、上記の水素吸蔵合金電極2に、粒径の小さな水素吸蔵合金粉末を用いた場合においても、この水素吸蔵合金粉末が電極芯体に十分に保持されるようになり、アルカリ蓄電池における放電特性及びサイクル特性を向上させることができる。
【0025】
【発明の効果】
以上詳述したように、この発明における水素吸蔵合金電極においては、水素吸蔵合金粉末と少なくともポリビニルピロリドンとが混合されたペーストを電極芯体に付着してなる水素吸蔵合金電極において、前記ペースト中に酸化モリブデンがさらに混合されると共に、この電極にリン酸塩が付与するようにしたため、結着剤における結着効果が高まり、水素吸蔵合金粉末が電極芯体に十分に保持されるようになった。
【0026】
また、この発明におけるアルカリ蓄電池においては、上記のような水素吸蔵合金電極を負極に用いるようにしたため、粒径の小さな水素吸蔵合金粉末を用いた場合等においても、この水素吸蔵合金粉末が電極芯体に十分に保持されるようになり、このアルカリ蓄電池を充放電させた場合に、水素吸蔵合金粉末が電極芯体から離脱するのが抑制されて、サイクル特性が低下するのが防止され、放電特性に優れると共に、十分なサイクル特性を有するアルカリ蓄電池が得られるようになった。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図1】この発明の実施例の水素吸蔵合金電極を負極に用いてアルカリ蓄電池を作製した状態を示した概略断面図である。
【符号の説明】
1 正極
2 負極(水素吸蔵合金電極)[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a hydrogen storage alloy electrode in which a hydrogen storage alloy powder is attached to an electrode core by a binder, a method for producing such a hydrogen storage alloy electrode, and an alkali using such a hydrogen storage alloy electrode as a negative electrode. In particular, in order to improve discharge characteristics in an alkaline storage battery, even when a hydrogen storage alloy powder having a small particle size is used, the hydrogen storage alloy powder is sufficiently adhered to the electrode core. It has the characteristics in the point.
[0002]
[Prior art]
Conventionally, nickel-hydrogen storage batteries have been known as one of alkaline storage batteries, and in such nickel-hydrogen storage batteries, at least a hydrogen storage alloy powder and a binder are generally provided on the electrode core as the negative electrode. The hydrogen storage alloy electrode which gave was used.
[0003]
Here, in manufacturing such a hydrogen storage alloy electrode, conventionally, a paste is generally prepared by adding a binder to the hydrogen storage alloy powder, and this paste is attached to an electrode core such as a punching metal. I was doing.
[0004]
In recent years, in order to improve the discharge characteristics in the alkaline storage battery as described above, a hydrogen storage alloy powder having a small particle diameter is used for the hydrogen storage alloy electrode of the negative electrode, or a conductive agent is added. It has been broken.
[0005]
Here, if a hydrogen storage alloy powder having a small particle diameter is used or a conductive agent is added to the hydrogen storage alloy electrode as described above, the hydrogen storage alloy powder is easily detached from the electrode core, The occlusion alloy powder is not sufficiently held by the electrode core, and there are problems such as deterioration in cycle characteristics when an alkaline storage battery using such a hydrogen occlusion alloy electrode as a negative electrode is charged and discharged.
[0006]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
The present invention solves the above-described problems in a hydrogen storage alloy electrode in which a hydrogen storage alloy powder is adhered to an electrode core by a binder and an alkaline storage battery using the hydrogen storage alloy electrode as a negative electrode. It is to be an issue.
[0007]
That is, in this invention, in order to improve discharge characteristics in an alkaline storage battery, hydrogen storage alloy powder with a small particle size is used for the hydrogen storage alloy electrode or a conductive agent is added. An object of the present invention is to ensure that the occlusion alloy powder is sufficiently held by the electrode core and to prevent the cycle characteristics of the alkaline storage battery from being deteriorated.
[0008]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
In the hydrogen storage alloy electrode according to the present invention, in order to solve the above-described problems, in the hydrogen storage alloy electrode formed by adhering a paste in which a hydrogen storage alloy powder and at least polyvinylpyrrolidone are mixed to an electrode core, with molybdenum oxide is further mixed in the paste, it is the phosphate to the electrode has a so that have been granted.
[0009]
Then, when molybdenum oxide and phosphate are added to the hydrogen storage alloy electrode in which the hydrogen storage alloy powder is attached to the electrode core with the binder containing at least polyvinyl pyrrolidone as described above, the polyvinyl pyrrolidone and molybdenum oxide are added. It is considered that a complex is formed by the phosphate ions and the polyvinyl pyrrolidone is cross-linked, which increases the binding effect in the binder, and the hydrogen storage alloy powder is sufficiently retained in the electrode core. It is assumed that it will become.
[0010]
In the alkaline storage battery according to the present invention, the hydrogen storage alloy electrode as described above is used for the negative electrode. Therefore, even when a hydrogen storage alloy powder having a small particle size is used, the hydrogen storage alloy powder is used as the electrode core. When the alkaline storage battery is charged / discharged, the hydrogen storage alloy powder is prevented from being detached from the electrode core body, and the cycle characteristics are prevented from being deteriorated. An alkaline storage battery having excellent characteristics and sufficient cycle characteristics can be obtained.
[0011]
Here, in manufacturing the hydrogen storage alloy electrode as described above, for example, as described in
[0012]
Here, the kind of the hydrogen storage alloy used in the hydrogen storage alloy electrode of the present invention is not particularly limited, and a commonly used one can be used, for example, rare earth nickel-based hydrogen storage alloy, ZrNi, etc. Zr-Ni-based hydrogen storage alloy, TiFe based hydrogen absorbing alloy such as TiFe, ZrMn based hydrogen absorbing alloy such as ZrMn 2, TiMn-based hydrogen storage alloy such as TiMn 1.5, Mg 2 Ni or the like of the Mg- Ni-based hydrogen storage alloy or the like can be used.
[0013]
【Example】
Hereinafter, the hydrogen storage alloy electrode, the manufacturing method thereof, and the alkaline storage battery according to the embodiment of the present invention will be described in detail. In the hydrogen storage alloy electrode of this embodiment, the hydrogen storage alloy powder is sufficient for the electrode core. It will be clarified with a comparative example that it will be retained. In addition, the hydrogen storage alloy electrode in this invention, its manufacturing method, and an alkaline storage battery are not limited to what was shown in the following Example, It can implement by changing suitably in the range which does not change the summary.
[0014]
Example 1
In this example, as a hydrogen storage alloy powder serving as a negative electrode active material, a misch metal (Mm), which is a mixture of rare earth elements (a weight ratio of La, Ce, Pr, and Nd of 25: 50: 6: 19), A hydrogen storage alloy powder having a composition of MmNi 3.2 Co 1.0 Al 0.2 Mn 0.6 composed of Ni, Co, Al, and Mn and having an average particle diameter of about 30 μm was used.
[0015]
Then, with respect to 100 parts by weight of the above hydrogen storage alloy powder, molybdenum oxide is added in a proportion of 0.5 parts by weight, polyethylene oxide is 0.5 parts by weight, and polyvinylpyrrolidone is 0.5 parts by weight. A small amount of water was added to the mixture, and these were uniformly mixed to prepare a paste. This paste was uniformly applied to both surfaces of an electrode core made of punched metal obtained by nickel plating on iron, and dried. Thereafter, a solution containing phosphate ions disodium hydrogen phosphate in water 100 parts by weight Percentage of 0.5 parts by weight was uniformly coated on both surfaces of the above electrodes, which is dried, rolled Thus, a hydrogen storage alloy electrode of this example was produced.
[0016]
(Comparative Example 1)
In the comparative example 1, in preparation of the hydrogen storage alloy electrode in said Example 1, it contains said phosphate ion which became a ratio of 0.5 weight part of disodium hydrogenphosphate with respect to 100 weight part of water. A hydrogen storage alloy electrode was produced in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the solution was not applied to the electrode core.
[0017]
(Comparative Example 2)
In Comparative Example 2, a hydrogen storage alloy electrode was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1 except that molybdenum oxide was not added in the preparation of the hydrogen storage alloy electrode in Example 1 above. .
[0018]
(Comparative Example 3)
In Comparative Example 3, in the production of the hydrogen storage alloy electrode in Example 1 described above, molybdenum oxide was not added, and the ratio of disodium hydrogen phosphate to 0.5 parts by weight with respect to 100 parts by weight of water. A hydrogen storage alloy electrode was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the solution was not applied to the electrode core.
[0019]
Next, an adhesive tape is attached to one side of each of the hydrogen storage alloy electrodes of Example 1 and Comparative Examples 1 to 3 manufactured as described above, and a spring balance is attached to one end of the adhesive tape, and the negative electrode is pulled from the electrode core. The tensile load of the spring balance at the time when the hydrogen storage alloy of the active material was peeled was measured to determine the peel strength (kg / cm 2 ) of the negative electrode active material at each hydrogen storage alloy electrode. The results are shown in Table 1 below. It was shown to.
[0020]
[Table 1]
[0021]
As a result, in applying the hydrogen storage alloy powder of the negative electrode active material to the electrode core, a hydrogen storage alloy electrode of Example 1 in which molybdenum oxide and disodium hydrogen phosphate were added together with a binder containing at least polyvinylpyrrolidone. The hydrogen storage alloy electrode of Comparative Example 1 without addition of disodium hydrogen phosphate, the hydrogen storage alloy electrode of Comparative Example 2 without addition of molybdenum oxide, and both molybdenum oxide and disodium hydrogen phosphate were added. Compared with the hydrogen storage alloy electrode of Comparative Example 3 that was not, the peel strength of the negative electrode active material was greatly improved.
[0022]
In producing a cylindrical alkaline storage battery as shown in FIG. 1 using the hydrogen storage alloy electrode of the embodiment produced as described above as a negative electrode, generally, a sintered nickel is applied to the
[0023]
And when manufacturing an alkaline storage battery using the hydrogen storage alloy electrode of the Example produced as mentioned above for the
[0024]
Here, when the hydrogen storage alloy electrode of the example produced as described above is used for the
[0025]
【The invention's effect】
As described above in detail, in the hydrogen storage alloy electrode according to the present invention, in the hydrogen storage alloy electrode in which a paste in which a hydrogen storage alloy powder and at least polyvinylpyrrolidone are mixed is attached to the electrode core, As molybdenum oxide was further mixed and phosphate was added to this electrode, the binding effect in the binder was increased, and the hydrogen storage alloy powder was sufficiently held in the electrode core. .
[0026]
Further, in the alkaline storage battery according to the present invention, since the hydrogen storage alloy electrode as described above is used for the negative electrode, even when a hydrogen storage alloy powder having a small particle size is used, the hydrogen storage alloy powder is used as the electrode core. When the alkaline storage battery is charged and discharged, the hydrogen storage alloy powder is prevented from being detached from the electrode core body, and the cycle characteristics are prevented from being deteriorated. An alkaline storage battery having excellent characteristics and sufficient cycle characteristics can be obtained.
[Brief description of the drawings]
1 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing a state in which an alkaline storage battery is produced using a hydrogen storage alloy electrode of an embodiment of the present invention as a negative electrode.
[Explanation of symbols]
1
Claims (3)
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| US9525166B2 (en) | 2011-07-28 | 2016-12-20 | Gs Yuasa International Ltd. | Negative electrode for alkaline secondary battery, outer case for alkaline secondary battery and alkaline secondary battery |
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| JPS63169645A (en) * | 1987-01-08 | 1988-07-13 | Fuji Photo Film Co Ltd | Photoengraving method of lithographic printing plate |
| JP2975625B2 (en) * | 1989-02-16 | 1999-11-10 | 三洋電機株式会社 | Hydrogen storage alloy electrode and method for producing the same |
| JPH04318106A (en) * | 1991-04-17 | 1992-11-09 | Furukawa Battery Co Ltd:The | Production of hydrogen storage alloy powder |
| JPH05144434A (en) * | 1991-11-25 | 1993-06-11 | Okuno Seiyaku Kogyo Kk | Manufacture of hydrogen storage electrode |
| JP3394095B2 (en) * | 1994-08-05 | 2003-04-07 | 日立マクセル株式会社 | Nickel hydride rechargeable battery |
| JP3573964B2 (en) * | 1998-06-17 | 2004-10-06 | 三洋電機株式会社 | Method of manufacturing hydrogen storage alloy electrode for alkaline battery and hydrogen storage alloy electrode for alkaline storage battery |
| JP4309494B2 (en) * | 1998-06-30 | 2009-08-05 | 株式会社東芝 | Nickel metal hydride secondary battery |
| JP2000149956A (en) * | 1998-11-10 | 2000-05-30 | Hitachi Maxell Ltd | Hydride rechargeable battery |
| JP2001319646A (en) * | 2000-05-12 | 2001-11-16 | Sanyo Electric Co Ltd | Hydrogen storage alloy electrode and metal hydride alkaline battery |
| JP2002015733A (en) * | 2000-06-28 | 2002-01-18 | Sanyo Electric Co Ltd | Hydrogen storage alloy powder, hydrogen storage alloy electrode and alkaline storage battery |
| JP3773775B2 (en) * | 2000-10-06 | 2006-05-10 | 三洋電機株式会社 | Nickel-hydrogen storage battery |
| JP2002170558A (en) * | 2000-11-29 | 2002-06-14 | Sanyo Electric Co Ltd | Hydrogen occluding alloy electrode and alkaline storage battery |
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