JP4503133B2 - Method of exhausting and removing volatile organic substances outdoors - Google Patents

Description

【００２８】
表１に示すように、本発明の方法は、部屋Ａには適用せず、ベイクアウト適用の有無の試験項目欄にベイクアウト有りと明記した部屋Ｂに対して適用した。部屋Ｂに適用するベイクアウトの内容は、室内加温工程における加熱時間を、１日８時間として、これを３日間行った。室内加温工程中における室温は、平均３０℃とした。加温に際しては、電気ストーブ２台を使用し、すべての建具の扉を開放状態にし、窓およびドアは閉じた。
【００２９】
加温工程後に発生した揮発性有機物質を室外に強制的に排気する強制排気工程では、すべての建具の扉、窓、ドアを開ける。開放時間は、３０分とした。その結果を表２に示した。表２では、ホルムアルデヒドおよびＴＶＯＣの測定結果を示す。ホルムアルデヒドの測定値は、ＪＩＳ Ｋ３０３０に準拠した分析に基づく値である。ＴＶＯＣは、ポータブル型ＴＶＯＣ検知器（新コスモス電機社製）による簡易式測定方法に基づく値である。
【００３０】
【表２】

【００３１】
表２から、部屋Ｂでは、当初０．０８７ｐｐｍあったホルムアルデヒドが、上記要領のベイクアウトを行った後では、０．０７０ｐｐｍに低下していることがわかる。すなわち、約２０％程度ホルムアルデヒドの低減効果が認められた。部屋Ｂでは、表１に示すように、ホルムアルデヒドの発生が強く抑制されたノンホルマリン仕様を採用しており、部屋Ａに比べて当初より約１６％程度ホルムアルデヒドの値が低いにもかかわらず、上記低減効果を示している。当然に、ノンホルマリン処理を施さない場合でも、かかる低減効果を発揮することが期待される。
【００３２】
なお、低ホルマリン処理を施した家具などの場合でも、ＴＶＯＣ検知器を近づけると、数値が上昇して、ホルムアルデヒドの発生量が多いことが確認された。このため、かかる家具などが狭い１ＬＤＫに配置されている部屋Ｂの方が当初のＴＶＯＣ濃度が高くなっていた。
【００３３】
ＴＶＯＣに関しては、部屋Ｂでは、当初２５．０ｐｐｍのＴＶＯＣが、７．０ｐｐｍに大きく低減していることがわかる。７２％という大きな低減効果を示している。なお、かかるＴＶＯＣの値は、トルエンの換算量として示した値である。かかる結果から、ＴＶＯＣについても、本発明に係るベイクアウトを適用することにより室内空気中のＴＶＯＣによる汚染を低減することができることが分かる。
【００３４】
次に、上記実験とは異なる条件でベイクアウトを複数回繰り返した場合におけるサイクル回数の揮発性有機物質の低減効果に及ぼす影響と、室内加温工程での室内湿度を高めるベイクアウト効果に及ぼす影響について検証した。かかる結果を表３に示した。
【００３５】
【表３】

【００３６】
本実験では、ベイクアウトを以下の要領で行った。加温時間、室内温度の設定、換気、開口部の閉鎖状況などは、前記表２に示す試験で行ったと同様とした。本実験では、２台の電気ストーブと、室内空気を循環させるために、扇風機１台を使用した。かかる構成のベイクアウトを、以下ベイクアウト１とする。さらに、ベイクアウト１の構成中、室内加温工程で加湿器を１台使用する構成を、以下、ベイクアウト２とする。
【００３７】
本試験での１サイクルは、前記試験とは異なり、１日１回、ベイクアウト開始前の３０分間換気を行い、その後上記構成の室内加温工程を７時間行い、さらにその後換気を６０分行うものとした。
【００３８】
試験では、部屋Ｃに対しては、上記構成のベイクアウト１を１０サイクル繰り返した。１０サイクルとは、加温工程と強制排気工程とからなる上記構成のベイクアウト１を、１日１回行ずつ１０日間繰り返すことである。部屋Ｄに対しては、ベイクアウトを一切行わず、表中無処理と表示した。
【００３９】
なお、本試験では、表１、２とは異なり、フローリング床を水拭き後、ワックスをかけ、併せて、サッシ、窓をトルエン、キシレンなどの溶剤を用いて拭き取りする、所謂クリーニングを施した。かかるクリーニングの後に、上記構成のベイクアウトを施した。
【００４０】
表３により、部屋Ｃと部屋Ｆとの結果を比べると、ＴＶＯＣ（表中の上段の数値）は、ベイクアウト１を１０サイクル施した方が試験開始前より試験開始後の方が低減しており、５サイクル繰り返した場合には、その詳細な機構は不明であるが、増大していることが分かる。
【００４１】
かかる点に関してはその詳細は不明であるが、ベイクアウトを行うことにより、建材などから発生する揮発性有機物質は効果的に室外に排出されるものと思われるが、但し、ベイクアウトはかかる揮発性有機物質の自然放出を待つのではなく、強制的に放出を促しているため、中途半端なサイクルでは、逆に放出が促進された揮発性有機物質が室内に溜まることとなり、上記結果が得られたのではないかと推測される。
【００４２】
かかる考察から、ベイクアウトの構成内容、適用対象などで一概に論ずることは難しいものの、ベイクアウトなどの条件に適した最小サイクルがあるのではないかと推定される。
【００４３】
なお、表３では、ホルムアルデヒド（表中の下段の数値）は、両者とも微増している。
【００４４】
部屋Ｄの無処理の場合には、ＴＶＯＣ、ホルムアルデヒド双方共に１０サイクル相当期間経過後には、それぞれ増大していることが分かる。部屋Ｄの結果と、上記部屋Ｃの結果とを比較すれば、明らかに、少なくともベイクアウト１を１０回繰り返す方が揮発性有機物質の室内からの除去効果を有していることが分かる。
【００４５】
ベイクアウト２を１０サイクル施した部屋Ｅでは、ＴＶＯＣに関しては、１．１０倍の増加傾向を示すものの、ホルムアルデヒドにおいては、０．７１倍に低減していることが分かる。ホルムアルデヒドに関しては、ベイクアウト終了後の増加傾向を示す部屋Ｃに対して施したベイクアウト１とは異なり、大きな低減効果が確認される。これは、室内の加温により発生したホルムアルデヒドが、加湿により室内に発生させらた水蒸気の水滴に溶け込み捕集されるため、室内のホルムアルデヒドの蒸気密度が飽和にならず、その分建材などからの発生が抑制されないため、十分に建材からホルムアルデヒドが除去されていることを示すものと推察される。
【００４６】
【表４】

【００４７】
次に、新築のマンションにおける同じ間取りの各戸について、図２に示すように、強制排気工程を設けない構成の本発明の揮発性有機物質の他の除去方法について、その有効性を実験を通して、強制排気工程を設けた揮発性有機物質の室外排気方法と比較しながら検証した。
【００４８】
実験は、上記表４に示す６．０畳の洋室と９．０畳のＬＤＫとからなる同様の間取りを有する複数の各戸で行った。洋室の使用は、床をＦ１フローリング、下地ＥＯ仕上げとし、壁はノンホルマリン接着剤を使用してＳＶ規格の壁紙による仕上げとした。収納家具としては、ＥＯパーティクルボード仕様のクローゼットを１個設けた。かかる構成の洋室における室内加温工程時の加温手段は、２台の電気ストーブとした。
【００４９】
一方、ＬＤＫでは、表４に示すように、床をＦ１フローリング、下地ＥＯ仕上げとし、壁はノンホルマリン接着剤を使用してＳＶ規格の壁紙による仕上げとした。収納家具としては、ＥＯパーティクルボード仕様のシステムキッチンを設けた。室内加温工程時の加温手段には、床暖房を使用した。
【００５０】
【表５】

【００５１】
かかる構成の各戸について、表５に示すように、加温方法、局所排気の有無、空気清浄器使用の有無、脱臭剤使用の有無、加湿器使用の有無をそれぞれ組み合わせて、種々の条件を設定することにより、各条件下における揮発性有機物質の除去効果について検討した。その結果を、表６に示す。
【００５２】
なお、局所排気とは、室内加温工程中に行う換気で、建材などから発生する揮発性有機物質が飽和状態に近づくことによりその発生が抑制されるのを防止するために行う排気である。室内加温時間は、本実験では、１日８時間行った。局所排気の開始、排気時間は、各室の室内加温工程中における揮発性有機物質の濃度状態（各室の広さ、揮発性有機物質の発生量などにより影響を受ける。）に合わせて行えばよいが、平均的には３０分以上を行うことが好ましかった。
【００５３】
また、室内加温工程においては、前述の如く、室内のすべての建具の扉を開放状態にし、窓およびドアは閉じて室内の加温を行い、建材などからの揮発性有機物質の発生を促した。加温温度も、本実験を適用する室内の建材などからの揮発性有機物質の発生を十分に促すことができる温度に設定すればよい。
【００５４】
さらに揮発性有機物質の臭気が激しい場合には、室内加温工程に入る前に、窓などの開口部を閉鎖する前にも換気を例えば、３０分以上、臭気が感じられなくなる程度に行うことが好ましい。
【００５５】
【表６】

【００５６】
表５に示すように、部屋Ｇでは、室内加温工程で、６．０畳の洋室で換気扇、９．０畳のＬＤＫでレンジフードをそれぞれ用い局所換気を１日につき３０分行った。空気清浄器、脱臭剤、加湿器は使用しなかった。かかる方法では、表６に示すように、洋室、ＬＤＫの各室で試験前には２０．０ｐｐｍ、１８．０ｐｐｍであった揮発性有機物質の濃度（ＴＶＯＣ濃度として、揮発性有機物質の総量をトルエン換算で表示）が、４８時間経過後には、３０％、３９％にそれぞれ減少し、さらに９６時間経過後には１５％、１９％に減少した。なお、表６のＴＶＯＣ濃度は、簡易式ＴＶＯＣ検知器（新コスモス電気社製）で測定した値である。
【００５７】
部屋Ｈでは、部屋Ｇとは異なり、室内加温工程における局所換気を行わなかった。その代わりに、空気清浄器を各室にそれぞれ２台設け、実験中連続稼働させておいた。かかる方法では、表６に示すように、洋室、ＬＤＫの各室で試験前にはそれぞれ１９．０ｐｐｍあった揮発性有機物質の濃度（ＴＶＯＣ濃度して、揮発性有機物質の総量をトルエン換算で表示）が、４８時間経過後には、３４％、２９％にそれぞれ減少し、さらに９６時間経過後には１１％、８％にまで減少した。
【００５８】
部屋Ｉでは、室内加温工程における局所換気を行わず、実験中各室に吸着剤として脱臭剤をバットなどの容器に広げて放置した。表６に示すように、洋室、ＬＤＫの各室で試験前にはそれぞれ１８．５ｐｐｍ、１８．０ｐｐｍあった揮発性有機物質の濃度（ＴＶＯＣ濃度して、揮発性有機物質の総量をトルエン換算で表示）が、４８時間経過後には、２４％、２８％にそれぞれ減少し、さらに９６時間経過後には５％、８％にまで減少した。
【００５９】
上記脱臭剤としては、本実験では、前述の活性炭よりも脱臭能力の高い脱臭剤のセミアＶ（商品名、旭化成工業会社製）を使用した。実験によれば、セミアＶ以外にも、例えば、セミア（商品名、旭化成工業会社製）、ホルマスク（商品名、大王加工紙株式会社製）、ＹＨ−Ａ、ＨＧ、Ｙ−４（商品名、北越炭素株式会社製）などを使用してもよいことが確認された。
【００６０】
部屋Ｊでは、室内加温工程で、６．０畳の洋室で換気扇、９．０畳のＬＤＫでレンジフードをそれぞれ用い局所換気を１日につき３０分行った。実験中は、各室に脱臭剤をバットに広げて放置しておいた。かかる方法では、洋室、ＬＤＫの各室で試験前には２０．０ｐｐｍ、２０．５ｐｐｍであった揮発性有機物質の濃度（ＴＶＯＣ濃度して、揮発性有機物質の総量をトルエン換算で表示）が、４８時間経過後には、２０％にそれぞれ減少し、さらに９６時間経過後には４％、５％に減少した。
【００６１】
部屋Ｋでは、室内加温工程で、６．０畳の洋室で換気扇、９．０畳のＬＤＫでレンジフードをそれぞれ用い局所換気を１日につき３０分行った。空気清浄器、脱臭剤は使用しなかった。各室には、加湿器をそれぞれ１台ずつ配置し、実験中連続的に稼働させておいた。かかる方法では、洋室、ＬＤＫの各室で試験前には、それぞれ１９．５ｐｐｍであった揮発性有機物質の濃度（ＴＶＯＣ濃度して、揮発性有機物質の総量をトルエン換算で表示）が、４８時間経過後には、２８％、３１％にそれぞれ減少し、さらに９６時間経過後にはそれぞれ１３％に減少した。
【００６２】
部屋Ｌでは、室内加温工程で、６．０畳の洋室、９．０畳のＬＤＫで窓開けによる局所換気を一日につき１時間行った。空気清浄器、脱臭剤、加湿器は使用しなかった。かかる方法では、洋室、ＬＤＫの各室で試験前には、それぞれ１８．５ｐｐｍ、１９．０ｐｐｍであった揮発性有機物質の濃度（ＴＶＯＣ濃度して、揮発性有機物質の総量をトルエン換算で表示）が、４８時間経過後でも、８９％、９５％も残留し、さらに９６時間経過後でも、それぞれ８７％、９７％も残留していた。すなわち、室内の揮発性有機物質は、僅かにしか減少しなかった。
【００６３】
部屋Ｍでは、室内加温工程を設けることなく、締め切り状態にして、揮発性有機物質の除去処置を何ら施さない場合について検討した。かかる場合では、洋室、ＬＤＫの各室で試験前には、それぞれ１８．５ｐｐｍ、１９．５ｐｐｍであった揮発性有機物質の濃度（ＴＶＯＣ濃度して、揮発性有機物質の総量をトルエン換算で表示）が、４８時間経過後には、１０８％、１１０％にそれぞれ増加し、さらに９６時間経過後では、それぞれ１１９％、１２６％にまでも上昇する結果となった。
【００６４】
すなわち、室内加温工程を施した後の揮発性有機物質の除去工程を適切に行わないと、かなりの高濃度の揮発性有機物質が室内に滞留する状態となることが分かる。このことからも、室内加温工程を含む揮発性有機物質の除去方法では、室内加温後の除去工程が極めて重要で、中途半端な除去方法では、逆に室内の揮発性有機物質の高濃度を招来する虞があることが確認できる。
【００６５】
表６の以上の結果を総合的に判断すると、各室Ｇ〜Ｍにおける各々の洋室、ＬＤＫで測定されたそれぞれのＴＶＯＣ濃度の残留率（％）を平均し、得られた平均残留率（％）で、各室Ｇ〜Ｍに適用した方法の有効性を比較すると次のようになる。
【００６６】
すなわち、適用した揮発性有機物質の除去方法の有効性が高い順に各室を並べると、Ｊ（４．５％）＞Ｉ（６．５％）＞Ｈ（９．５％）＞Ｋ（１３％）＞Ｇ（１７％）＞Ｌ（９２％）＞Ｍ（１２３％）の順になることが分かる。
【００６７】
かかる結果から、脱臭剤を使用し、且つ局所換気を併用した部屋Ｊに適用する除去方法が、試験開始後９６時間経過後のＴＶＯＣ濃度（トルエン換算量）が平均４．５％と一番少なく、優れていることが分かる。局所換気を併用せずに、脱臭剤を使用した部屋Ｉに適用の除去方法が、ＴＶＯＣ濃度６．５％と低く、次いで優れていることが分かる。
【００６８】
脱臭剤を使用することなく、空気清浄器を単独使用する場合には、ＴＶＯＣ濃度が９．５％となり、有効性は脱臭剤を使用する場合よりは低いものの、脱臭剤、空気清浄器のいずれをも使用しない場合（部屋Ｈ、Ｋに適用した方法）よりも優れていることが分かる。
【００６９】
このように、本実験からは、表６の各項目に示す条件を、脱臭剤＋局所換気、あるいは脱臭剤の単独使用、あるいは空気清浄器の単独使用に構成した除去方法は、強制排気工程を使用することなく、試験開始後９６時間経過後のＴＶＯＣ濃度を一桁のオーダーにまで抑制させることができる極めて有効な揮発性有機物質の除去方法であることが確認できた。
【００７０】
かかる構成では、窓や扉などの開口部を必要時間開け放しておく強制換気工程を省くことができるため、天候などによりその実施が左右されることなく、必要に応じて随時実施することができる。そのため、天候などの条件により強制排気工程の実施に手間取り、施工後の客先引き渡し時期を遅らすなどの納期障害の発生を防止することができる。
【００７１】
本発明は前記の形態に限定されるものではなく、その要旨を逸脱しない範囲で種々変更しても構わない。
【００７２】
上記説明では、除去方法を脱臭剤＋局所換気、脱臭剤単独使用、空気清浄器単独使用に構成した場合の方が、局所排気単独使用、局所換気＋加湿器、窓開け換気に構成した場合よりも有効であることを検証したが、脱臭剤＋空気清浄器、脱臭剤＋局所換気＋空気清浄器の構成にしても有効に使用できる。
【００７３】
さらには、脱臭剤＋局所換気＋加湿器、脱臭剤＋加湿器、空気清浄器＋加湿器、脱臭剤＋空気清浄器＋加湿器、脱臭剤＋局所換気＋空気清浄器＋加湿器に構成しても揮発性有機物質の有効な除去方法として使用できる。
【００７４】
上記説明では、図２に示すように、室内加温工程、吸着除去工程を有し、室内加温工程と、吸着除去工程とは、両工程が並行して行われる様子を示している。室内加温工程終了後に強制排気工程を行う場合に比べて、両工程を並行して行うことができるため、揮発性有機物質の除去処理時間を短くすることもできる。強制排気工程も室内加温工程と並行して行うことは理論的には可能であるが、実際問題として窓などの開口部を長時間にわたり開放状態にした状態で、室内の建材等をＴＶＯＣが発生し得る温度に加温し続けることは、現実的ではない。
【００７５】
さらに、強制排気工程によりＴＶＯＣを外部に排気する場合に比べて、脱臭剤、空気清浄器で吸着捕捉する除去方法の方が、少しでもＴＶＯＣを大気に排気せずに済むため、より大気環境の汚染という観点からは好ましい処理とも言える。
【００７６】
【発明の効果】
本発明によれば、従来の自然換気に比べて、建築材料から発生する揮発性有機物質の室外への除去を、短時間で行うことができる。すなわち、従来方法に比べて、換気する時間を短くしても、従来方法を長時間換気を行った場合と同等以上の揮発性有機物質の低減効果が得られる。そのため、不必要に室内を外気に曝さずに済み、室内を外気の埃や塵、あるいは雨などで汚さすことがない。
【００７７】
換気する時間が少なくて済むため、外の天候にそれ程左右されないで揮発性有機物質の室外への強制排気が行える。
【００７８】
揮発性有機物質の濃度や作業現場の都合によって、サイクルを決めることができる。加温時の温度や加湿器、吸着剤の有無などにより調整が可能である。
【００７９】
強制排出により建材そのものの揮発性有機物質の含有量が減るため、揮発性有機物質の発生しない健康的な環境を長期間保持することができる。
【００８０】
本発明の揮発性有機物質の除去方法では、室内加温工程で発生した揮発性有機物質を室外に排気することなく、空気清浄器あるいは脱臭剤などの吸着剤で捕捉して、室内に発生させた揮発性有機物質の除去が行える。
【００８１】
かかる除去方法では、窓などの開口部を開放して強制排気を行わないため、窓開けなどが行えない天候、環境状況でも実施することができる。室内加温工程と吸着除去工程を並行して行えるため、例えば、室内加温工程と強制排気工程とを並行せずに順に行う場合に比べて、全体の処理時間を短くできる。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図１】本発明の揮発性有機物質の室外排気方法の各工程を示すフロー図である。
【図２】本発明の揮発性有機物質の他の除去方法の各工程を示すフロー図である。[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a method for removing volatile organic substances such as aldehydes generated from building materials such as building materials and adhesives from the room.
[0002]
[Prior art]
In recent years, in newly built apartment buildings and detached houses, after being delivered to customers after construction work, volatile organic substances are spontaneously released indoors from building materials such as building materials and adhesives. It has become a problem that people can suffer from nausea, dizziness, and other unidentified complaints.
[0003]
In order to deal with such problems, after building construction and before handing over to customers, open indoor windows and doors for a long period of time to ventilate naturally and release volatile organic substances to the outside as much as possible. Thus, measures are taken to reduce the generation concentration of volatile organic substances in the room after delivery of the customer.
[0004]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
However, in the conventional method using natural ventilation, windows and doors have to be opened for a long period of time, and depending on the weather conditions, outdoor dust or the like may enter the room and contaminate the room. In particular, in the case of bad weather with strong wind and rain, the windows and doors may not be opened. In this way, the method using natural ventilation is greatly affected by the weather, the season, etc., and in some cases, sufficient natural ventilation cannot be performed until delivery to the customer.
[0005]
In addition, the natural ventilation method described above has little effect of forcibly generating volatile organic substances from building materials, and it takes a long time to sufficiently remove volatile organic substances. . In many cases, a sufficient period cannot be taken from construction to delivery to the customer. In such a case, the conventional natural ventilation method cannot be expected to sufficiently remove volatile organic substances. There is a strong demand for technological development that can remove volatile organic substances in a short period of time.
[0006]
The object of the present invention is to force the generation of volatile organic substances from building materials and to forcibly exhaust the generated volatile organic substances from the room so that the volatile organic substances can be removed in a short period of time. There is in doing so.
[0007]
Another object of the present invention is to force the generation of volatile organic substances from building materials and to remove volatile organic substances in a short period of time without forcibly exhausting the generated volatile organic substances from the room. It is to be able to do it.
[0008]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
  The present invention is an exhaust method for exhausting volatile organic substances generated from building materials or adhesives used in construction to the outside of the room, and increases the room temperature to force the generation of the volatile organic substances into the room. A heating process and a forced exhaust process for forcibly exhausting the volatile organic substance in the room to the outside.The indoor heating process and the forced exhaust process are combined to repeat a ventilation process a plurality of times, and in the indoor heating process, the humidity of the volatile organic substance soluble in water is increased by increasing the indoor humidity. Increase the amount of generation and perform micro-ventilation through the opening through the opening to the extent that the room temperature does not decrease to the extent that it affects the generation of the volatile organic substances.It is characterized by that.
[0009]
  in frontIn the indoor heating step, volatile substances are captured in the room. The trapping is characterized in that the volatile organic substance generated in the indoor warming step is trapped by an air purifier and / or a deodorant.
[0010]
  in frontThe indoor heating process is characterized by air circulation in the room..
[0012]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail.
[0013]
As shown in FIG. 1, the present invention raises the indoor temperature to forcibly generate volatile organic substances contained in building materials in the room, and forcibly exhausts the generated volatile organic substances to the outside of the room. By doing so, it is intended to suppress or prevent the generation of volatile organic substances that may cause health damage after delivery to the customer after construction.
[0014]
In the present specification, the building material is not limited to the building material, and means a material widely used in construction, such as a building material, an adhesive used in construction work, and a paint. Moreover, raising the room temperature, promoting the generation of volatile organic substances from building materials, and forcibly exhausting the generated volatile organic substances to the outside of the room may be simply expressed as bakeout hereinafter.
[0015]
That is, the bakeout includes a room heating process for forcing the generation of the volatile organic substance into the room by raising the room temperature, and a forced exhaust process for forcibly exhausting the volatile organic substance in the room to the outside. It will be.
[0016]
Examples of volatile organic substances generated from building materials such as building materials and adhesives include aldehydes such as formaldehyde and acetaldehyde, alcohols, aromatic compounds such as toluene, and the like. The substance is collectively called TVOC.
[0017]
When raising the room temperature to forcibly generate volatile organic substances from the above building materials, use normal room heating equipment such as an electric heater, gas heater, stove, hot carpet, air conditioner, floor heating, etc. do it. However, the appliance used to raise the room temperature need not be limited to the indoor heating appliance. In short, if it is effective to raise room temperature to a level that can sufficiently promote the generation of volatile organic substances from building materials, in particular, the temperature of building materials containing volatile organic substances, its appliances and equipment It can be used regardless of
[0018]
Indoor heating may be performed in a state in which openings such as windows, doors, and ventilation openings are closed. The temperature setting at the time of heating may be performed in a range that does not affect the indoor environment such as interior materials when performing the bakeout. The set temperature may be set to a temperature at which the building material can be heated to such an extent that the expected volatile organic substance can be volatilized from the building material. For example, what is necessary is just to set to about 30-40 degreeC or more. Strictly speaking, the heating time varies depending on the quality and usage of building materials where volatile organic substances are expected to be generated. However, it will be effective for a minimum of 0.1 hour after reaching the set temperature. In some cases, it was confirmed that the volatile organic substance was forcibly generated more strongly than in the past if it was performed for more than 5 hours.
[0019]
Volatile organic substances that are forcibly generated as described above are then forcibly exhausted from the room. As a means of forced exhaust, it may be performed by a room ventilation method. Although it depends on the size of the room, it has been found in experiments that generally good results can be obtained by performing at least 30 minutes or more.
[0020]
Ventilation is performed when the room temperature is raised and sufficient volatile organic substances are generated in the room.However, if the odor due to the volatile organic substances is already strong in the room before heating, As described above, when the ventilation was performed for about 30 minutes before closing the opening as described above, the effect of baking out was improved. This is considered to be a state where a considerable amount of volatile organic substances are filled in the room if the odor is intense. When the volatile organic substance is forcibly generated by raising the temperature, the vapor density (concentration in the air) of the volatile organic substance can be kept small, and the volatile organic substance can be sufficiently generated. The bakeout effect can be improved accordingly.
[0021]
In a state where the room temperature is raised, the concentration of the generated volatile organic substance gradually increases, and the release rate of the volatile organic substance from the building material or the like is reduced accordingly. In order to eliminate such a state, for example, when an adsorbent such as activated carbon is spread over a container such as a vat or an air purifier is arranged to capture the generated volatile organic substances. It was confirmed that it was preferable.
[0022]
Furthermore, the generation of volatile organic substances is prevented in order to prevent the generation of such volatile organic substances during indoor warming as the concentration in the air increases (that is, as the saturation concentration approaches). It is preferable that the volatile organic substance is appropriately exhausted to the outside through the opening as long as the room temperature is not lowered to the extent that it affects the water. Micro-ventilation may be performed through walls, sash vents, range hoods, ventilation fans, etc.
[0023]
In addition, when the room temperature is raised, the concentration of volatile organic substances is likely to be biased due to the layout of the room, and the room air is circulated using, for example, a fan, so that the floor space is circulated. It is possible to generate volatile organic substances on average regardless of the above. If there is a bias in the generation of volatile organic substances due to room layout, etc., the effect of baking out becomes uneven, which is not preferable.
[0024]
In a state where the room temperature is raised, increasing the room humidity using a humidifier, for example, increases the amount of volatile organic substances that are soluble in water, such as formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, alcohols, etc. be able to. Since formaldehyde and the like are dissolved and trapped in water droplets in the air, generation from building materials is not suppressed, and it is estimated that the bakeout effect can be improved accordingly.
[0025]
In this way, after releasing the volatile organic substance from the building material and the like and then forcibly exhausting the volatile organic substance to the outdoors, in order to remove water vapor from the outdoors and water vapor due to temperature rise, for example, Indoor dehumidification may be performed using a dehumidifier or the like.
[0026]
Hereinafter, the above-described outdoor exhaust method for volatile organic substances of the present invention was applied to each room of a newly built apartment, and the effect was verified. Table 1 shows the specifications of each apartment room used for the verification.
[0027]
[Table 1]

[0028]
As shown in Table 1, the method of the present invention was not applied to the room A, but was applied to the room B specified as being baked out in the test item column for the presence / absence of baking out. The contents of the bakeout applied to the room B were set for 8 days a heating time in the room heating process for 3 days. The room temperature during the indoor heating step was set to 30 ° C. on average. When heating, two electric stoves were used, the doors of all joinery were opened, and the windows and doors were closed.
[0029]
In the forced exhaust process for forcibly exhausting volatile organic substances generated after the heating process to the outside, all the doors, windows and doors of the joinery are opened. The opening time was 30 minutes. The results are shown in Table 2. Table 2 shows the measurement results of formaldehyde and TVOC. The measured value of formaldehyde is a value based on an analysis based on JIS K3030. TVOC is a value based on a simple measurement method using a portable TVOC detector (manufactured by New Cosmos Electric Co., Ltd.).
[0030]
[Table 2]

[0031]
From Table 2, it can be seen that in room B, formaldehyde that was initially 0.087 ppm has dropped to 0.070 ppm after baking as described above. That is, an effect of reducing formaldehyde by about 20% was recognized. In room B, as shown in Table 1, a non-formalin specification in which generation of formaldehyde is strongly suppressed is adopted, and although the value of formaldehyde is about 16% lower than that of room A from the beginning, the above-mentioned It shows a reduction effect. Naturally, even when non-formalin treatment is not performed, such a reduction effect is expected.
[0032]
Even in the case of furniture subjected to low formalin treatment, it was confirmed that when the TVOC detector was brought closer, the numerical value increased and the amount of formaldehyde generated was large. For this reason, the initial TVOC concentration was higher in the room B in which such furniture and the like are arranged in a narrow 1LDK.
[0033]
Regarding TVOC, it can be seen that in room B, the initial TVOC of 25.0 ppm is greatly reduced to 7.0 ppm. A large reduction effect of 72% is shown. The TVOC value is a value shown as a converted amount of toluene. From these results, it can be seen that the TVOC contamination in the indoor air can also be reduced by applying the bakeout according to the present invention to the TVOC.
[0034]
Next, the effect of the number of cycles on the reduction effect of volatile organic substances when baking is repeated several times under different conditions from the above experiment, and the effect on the baking out effect of increasing the room humidity in the indoor heating process It verified about. The results are shown in Table 3.
[0035]
[Table 3]

[0036]
In this experiment, baking was performed as follows. The heating time, the setting of the room temperature, the ventilation, the closed state of the opening, and the like were the same as those performed in the test shown in Table 2 above. In this experiment, two electric heaters and one electric fan were used to circulate room air. The bakeout having such a configuration is hereinafter referred to as “bakeout 1”. Further, a configuration in which one humidifier is used in the indoor heating process during the configuration of the bakeout 1 is hereinafter referred to as a bakeout 2.
[0037]
Unlike the above test, one cycle in this test is ventilated once a day for 30 minutes before the start of baking out, then the indoor warming process of the above configuration is performed for 7 hours, and then the ventilation is performed for 60 minutes. It was supposed to be.
[0038]
In the test, for the room C, the bakeout 1 having the above configuration was repeated 10 cycles. The 10 cycles means that the bakeout 1 having the above-described configuration including the heating process and the forced exhaust process is repeated once a day for 10 days. The room D was not baked out at all and displayed as “no processing” in the table.
[0039]
In this test, unlike Tables 1 and 2, the flooring floor was wiped with water, then waxed, and sashes and windows were wiped with a solvent such as toluene and xylene, so-called cleaning was performed. After such cleaning, baking of the above configuration was performed.
[0040]
Comparing the results of room C and room F according to Table 3, TVOC (the upper numerical value in the table) shows that the number after the start of the test is less after 10 cycles of baking out 1 than before the start of the test. In addition, when 5 cycles are repeated, the detailed mechanism is unknown, but it can be seen that it has increased.
[0041]
Although details of this point are unknown, it is considered that volatile organic substances generated from building materials, etc., are effectively discharged outside the room by baking, but bakeout is not volatile. However, rather than waiting for the spontaneous release of the volatile organic substance, the release is forcibly promoted, so in the halfway cycle, the volatile organic substance whose release has been promoted conversely accumulates in the room, and the above result is obtained. It is speculated that it was.
[0042]
From this consideration, it is estimated that there is a minimum cycle suitable for the conditions such as the bakeout, although it is difficult to discuss in general the contents of the bakeout and the application target.
[0043]
In Table 3, both formaldehyde (the lower numerical value in the table) are slightly increased.
[0044]
In the case of no treatment in room D, both TVOC and formaldehyde increase after a period corresponding to 10 cycles. Comparing the result of the room D with the result of the room C, it can be clearly understood that the volatile organic substance is effectively removed from the room by repeating the bakeout 1 at least 10 times.
[0045]
It can be seen that in room E where 10 cycles of bakeout 2 were applied, TVOC increased by 1.10 times but formaldehyde decreased by 0.71 times. Concerning formaldehyde, a significant reduction effect is confirmed, unlike the bakeout 1 applied to the room C showing an increasing tendency after the completion of the bakeout. This is because formaldehyde generated by heating in the room dissolves and collects in the water droplets of water vapor generated in the room by humidification, so the vapor density of formaldehyde in the room does not saturate. Since the occurrence is not suppressed, it is assumed that formaldehyde is sufficiently removed from the building materials.
[0046]
[Table 4]

[0047]
Next, as shown in FIG. 2, for each house with the same floor plan in a newly built apartment, the effectiveness of another removal method of the volatile organic substance of the present invention having a configuration without a forced exhaust process is forced through experiments. Verification was made in comparison with the outdoor exhaust method of volatile organic substances provided with an exhaust process.
[0048]
The experiment was conducted in a plurality of houses having a similar floor plan composed of a 6.0 tatami mat room and a 9.0 tatami mat LDK shown in Table 4 above. In the Western room, the floor was F1 flooring and EO finish, and the wall was finished with SV standard wallpaper using non-formalin adhesive. As storage furniture, one EO particle board specification closet was provided. Two electric stoves were used as the heating means during the indoor heating process in the Western room having such a configuration.
[0049]
On the other hand, in LDK, as shown in Table 4, the floor was F1 flooring and the base EO finish, and the wall was finished with SV standard wallpaper using a non-formalin adhesive. As the storage furniture, an EO particle board specification system kitchen was provided. Floor heating was used as a heating means during the indoor heating process.
[0050]
[Table 5]

[0051]
As shown in Table 5, various conditions are set for each door having such a configuration by combining the heating method, the presence or absence of local exhaust, the presence or absence of the use of an air cleaner, the presence or absence of use of a deodorizer, and the presence or absence of use of a humidifier. The removal effect of volatile organic substances under each condition was examined. The results are shown in Table 6.
[0052]
In addition, local exhaust is the ventilation performed during an indoor heating process, and is performed in order to prevent that the generation | occurrence | production is suppressed when the volatile organic substance generated from building materials etc. approaches a saturated state. The room warming time was 8 hours per day in this experiment. The start of local exhaust and the exhaust time are performed in accordance with the concentration state of volatile organic substances in each room during the indoor heating process (which is affected by the size of each room, the amount of volatile organic substances generated, etc.). However, on average, it was preferable to perform over 30 minutes.
[0053]
Also, in the indoor heating process, as described above, the doors of all the fittings in the room are opened, the windows and doors are closed, and the room is heated to promote the generation of volatile organic substances from building materials. did. The heating temperature may be set to a temperature that can sufficiently promote the generation of volatile organic substances from indoor building materials to which this experiment is applied.
[0054]
Furthermore, if the odor of volatile organic substances is intense, ventilate to the extent that no odor can be felt, for example, for 30 minutes or more before closing the windows and other openings before entering the indoor heating process. Is preferred.
[0055]
[Table 6]

[0056]
As shown in Table 5, in the room G, local ventilation was performed for 30 minutes per day using a ventilation fan in a 6.0-tatami-style Western room and a range hood in a 9.0-tatami LDK in the room heating process. No air purifier, deodorant, or humidifier was used. In this method, as shown in Table 6, the concentration of the volatile organic substance (20.0 ppm and 18.0 ppm before the test in each of the Western room and the LDK room) (the total amount of the volatile organic substance was calculated as the TVOC concentration). (Displayed in terms of toluene) decreased to 30% and 39% after 48 hours and further decreased to 15% and 19% after 96 hours, respectively. In addition, the TVOC density | concentration of Table 6 is the value measured with the simple type TVOC detector (made by a new Cosmos electric company).
[0057]
In the room H, unlike the room G, local ventilation was not performed in the indoor heating process. Instead, two air purifiers were provided in each room, and were continuously operated during the experiment. In this method, as shown in Table 6, the concentration of volatile organic substances (TVOC concentration, which was 19.0 ppm before each test in the Western room and LDK room, respectively, was calculated in terms of toluene. Indication) decreased to 34% and 29% after 48 hours, and further decreased to 11% and 8% after 96 hours, respectively.
[0058]
In room I, local ventilation was not performed in the room warming step, and a deodorizing agent was spread as an adsorbent in a container such as a vat in each room during the experiment. As shown in Table 6, the concentration of volatile organic substances in the Western and LDK rooms before the test was 18.5 ppm and 18.0 ppm, respectively (TVOC concentration, and the total amount of volatile organic substances was converted to toluene. Indication) decreased to 24% and 28% after 48 hours, and further decreased to 5% and 8% after 96 hours, respectively.
[0059]
As the deodorizing agent, in this experiment, Semia V (trade name, manufactured by Asahi Kasei Kogyo Co., Ltd.), a deodorizing agent having a higher deodorizing ability than the aforementioned activated carbon, was used. According to the experiment, in addition to Semia V, for example, Semia (trade name, manufactured by Asahi Kasei Kogyo Co., Ltd.), Holmask (trade name, manufactured by Daio Kaisha Co., Ltd.), YH-A, HG, Y-4 (trade name, It was confirmed that Hokuetsu Carbon Co., Ltd.) may be used.
[0060]
In the room J, local ventilation was performed for 30 minutes per day using a ventilation fan in a 6.0-tatami-style western room and a range hood in a 9.0-tatami-sized LDK in the room heating process. During the experiment, a deodorant was spread over the vat and left in each room. In such a method, the concentration of volatile organic substances (20.0 ppm and 20.5 ppm before the test in each of the Western and LDK rooms) (TVOC concentration, and the total amount of volatile organic substances is displayed in terms of toluene). After 48 hours, it decreased to 20%, and after 96 hours, it decreased to 4% and 5%.
[0061]
In room K, in the room warming process, local ventilation was performed for 30 minutes per day using a 6.0-tatami-style western room with a ventilation fan and a 9.0-tatami LDK with a range hood. No air purifier or deodorizer was used. One humidifier was placed in each chamber, and it was continuously operated during the experiment. In such a method, the concentration of volatile organic substances (TVOC concentration and the total amount of volatile organic substances expressed in terms of toluene) that was 19.5 ppm before the test in each of the Western and LDK rooms was 48. After the elapse of time, they decreased to 28% and 31%, respectively, and further decreased to 13% after 96 hours.
[0062]
In the room L, local ventilation by opening a window was performed for 1 hour per day in a 6.0-mat Western room and a 9.0-tatami LDK in the room heating process. No air purifier, deodorant, or humidifier was used. In this method, the concentration of volatile organic substances that were 18.5 ppm and 19.0 ppm (TVOC concentration and the total amount of volatile organic substances was displayed in terms of toluene, respectively, before the test in the Western room and the LDK room. ), 89% and 95% remained even after 48 hours, and 87% and 97% remained after 96 hours, respectively. That is, the volatile organic substances in the room were reduced only slightly.
[0063]
In the room M, a case was considered in which no volatile organic substance removal treatment was performed without providing an indoor warming step. In such a case, before the test in each of the Western and LDK rooms, the concentration of the volatile organic substance was 18.5 ppm and 19.5 ppm (TVOC concentration, and the total amount of the volatile organic substance was displayed in terms of toluene. ) Increased to 108% and 110% after 48 hours, respectively, and further increased to 119% and 126% after 96 hours, respectively.
[0064]
That is, it can be seen that if the volatile organic material removal step after the indoor heating step is not properly performed, a considerably high concentration of the volatile organic material stays in the room. For this reason, in the removal method of the volatile organic substance including the indoor heating process, the removal process after the indoor heating is extremely important. In the halfway removal method, on the contrary, the high concentration of the indoor volatile organic substance is high. Can be confirmed.
[0065]
When the above results in Table 6 are judged comprehensively, the residual ratios (%) of the respective TVOC concentrations measured by the respective Western rooms and LDK in the respective rooms G to M are averaged, and the obtained average residual ratio (% ), The effectiveness of the method applied to each of the rooms G to M is compared as follows.
[0066]
That is, when the chambers are arranged in descending order of effectiveness of the applied volatile organic substance removal method, J (4.5%)> I (6.5%)> H (9.5%)> K (13 %)> G (17%)> L (92%)> M (123%).
[0067]
From these results, the removal method applied to room J using a deodorizer and combined with local ventilation has the lowest average TVOC concentration (toluene equivalent) of 4.5% after 96 hours from the start of the test. , You can see that it is excellent. It can be seen that the removal method applied to room I using a deodorant without using local ventilation is as low as TVOC concentration of 6.5%, and then excellent.
[0068]
When an air cleaner is used alone without using a deodorizer, the TVOC concentration is 9.5%, and although the effectiveness is lower than when using a deodorizer, either deodorizer or air cleaner is used. It can be seen that the method is superior to the case where the method is not used (method applied to the rooms H and K).
[0069]
In this way, from this experiment, the removal method in which the conditions shown in each item of Table 6 are configured as deodorant + local ventilation, or single use of a deodorant, or single use of an air purifier is a forced exhaust process. It was confirmed that this was a very effective method for removing volatile organic substances that could suppress the TVOC concentration after 96 hours from the start of the test to the order of one digit without using it.
[0070]
In such a configuration, a forced ventilation process in which openings such as windows and doors are left open for a necessary time can be omitted, so that the implementation can be performed as needed without being influenced by the weather. For this reason, it is possible to prevent troubles in delivery time such as taking time for the forced exhaust process according to the weather conditions and delaying the customer delivery time after the construction.
[0071]
This invention is not limited to the said form, You may change variously in the range which does not deviate from the summary.
[0072]
In the above explanation, the removal method is configured with deodorant + local ventilation, single use of deodorant, and single use of air purifier, compared with the case of using local exhaust alone, local ventilation + humidifier, and window opening ventilation. However, it can be used effectively even in the configuration of deodorizer + air cleaner, deodorizer + local ventilation + air cleaner.
[0073]
In addition, deodorizer + local ventilation + humidifier, deodorizer + humidifier, air cleaner + humidifier, deodorizer + air cleaner + humidifier, deodorizer + local ventilation + air cleaner + humidifier However, it can be used as an effective method for removing volatile organic substances.
[0074]
In the above description, as shown in FIG. 2, the room heating process and the adsorption removal process are provided, and the room heating process and the adsorption removal process show that both processes are performed in parallel. Compared with the case where the forced exhaust process is performed after the indoor heating process is completed, both processes can be performed in parallel, and therefore the volatile organic substance removal processing time can be shortened. Although it is theoretically possible to perform the forced exhaust process in parallel with the indoor warming process, as a practical matter, the TVOC is used for building materials in the room with the openings such as windows open for a long time. It is not realistic to keep heating to a temperature that can be generated.
[0075]
Furthermore, compared with the case where the TVOC is exhausted to the outside by the forced exhaust process, the removal method of adsorbing and capturing with the deodorizer and the air cleaner does not need to exhaust the TVOC to the atmosphere at all. It can be said that it is a preferable treatment from the viewpoint of contamination.
[0076]
【The invention's effect】
According to the present invention, volatile organic substances generated from building materials can be removed outside in a short time compared to conventional natural ventilation. That is, even if the ventilation time is shortened as compared with the conventional method, the reduction effect of the volatile organic substances equal to or higher than that obtained when the conventional method is ventilated for a long time can be obtained. Therefore, it is not necessary to unnecessarily expose the room to the outside air, and the room is not polluted with the dust or dirt of the outside air or rain.
[0077]
Because less time is needed to ventilate, volatile organic substances can be forced out of the room without much influence from the weather.
[0078]
The cycle can be determined according to the concentration of volatile organic substances and the convenience of the work site. Adjustment is possible depending on the temperature at the time of heating, a humidifier, and the presence or absence of an adsorbent.
[0079]
Since the content of volatile organic substances in the building material itself is reduced by forced discharge, a healthy environment free from volatile organic substances can be maintained for a long period of time.
[0080]
In the method for removing volatile organic substances according to the present invention, the volatile organic substances generated in the indoor heating step are captured by an adsorbent such as an air purifier or a deodorant without being exhausted outside the room, and are generated indoors. It can remove volatile organic substances.
[0081]
In such a removal method, an opening such as a window is opened and forced exhaust is not performed. Therefore, the removal method can be performed even in a weather or environment where the window cannot be opened. Since the indoor heating process and the adsorption removal process can be performed in parallel, for example, the entire processing time can be shortened as compared with a case where the indoor heating process and the forced exhaust process are performed in order without being performed in parallel.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a flowchart showing each step of an outdoor exhaust method for a volatile organic substance of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a flowchart showing each step of another method for removing a volatile organic substance of the present invention.

Claims (4)

An exhaust method for exhausting volatile organic substances generated from building materials such as building materials and adhesives to the outside of the room,
An indoor heating step for forcing the generation of the volatile organic substance into the room by raising the room temperature;
It possesses a forced evacuation process of forcibly exhausted the volatile organic material in the chamber to outside,
While repeating the ventilation process comprising a combination of the indoor heating process and the forced exhaust process multiple times,
In the indoor heating step, the room humidity is increased so that the generation amount of the volatile organic substance soluble in water is increased and the room temperature is not lowered to the extent that the generation of the volatile organic substance is affected. A method for ventilating a volatile organic substance outdoors, characterized in that the room is micro-ventilated through an opening . In the outdoor exhaust method of the volatile organic substance according to claim 1 ,
In the indoor heating step, the volatile organic substance is trapped in the room, and the volatile organic substance is exhausted outside the room. In the outdoor exhaust method of the volatile organic substance according to claim 2 ,
The volatile organic substance exhausting method according to claim 1, wherein the trapping includes capturing the volatile organic substance generated in the indoor heating step with an air purifier and / or a deodorant. In the outdoor exhaust method of the volatile organic substance according to any one of claims 1 to 3 ,
In the indoor warming step, indoor air circulation is performed, and the outdoor exhaust method for volatile organic substances is characterized.

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