JP4615798B2 - X-ray equipment - Google Patents

Description

[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to an X-ray imaging apparatus having a function of aiming an X-ray irradiation field by an X-ray movable diaphragm to an examination site of a subject with an irradiation lamp.
[0002]
[Prior art]
As an X-ray imaging apparatus for round visits, for example, there is a cordless inverter type X-ray imaging apparatus for round visits as shown in FIG. This apparatus includes an X-ray tube 10, an X-ray movable diaphragm 11 that incorporates an irradiation field lamp 16 and narrows radiation X-rays, an arm 9 that holds the X-ray tube 10, and a column that can be swung on a moving carriage 7. 8, an up-and-down moving unit in which the arm 9 moves up and down along the support column 8, a turnable front wheel 6 a and a rear wheel 6 that cannot be steered, an X-ray control unit is built in, and an operation panel 3 is provided on the upper surface. The operation handle 5 provided on the main body 4 is operated back and forth to move the vehicle 7 forward or backward by a drive motor and the X-ray irradiation switch 2 connected by a cable.
The arm 9 that is provided with a support mechanism and a rotation mechanism for the X-ray tube 10 and that expands and contracts in the horizontal direction is designed to be able to move vertically on the support column 8 smoothly and to be balanced. The X-ray movable diaphragm 11 attached to the radiation port of the X-ray tube 10 can be directed to the imaging region of the subject 12 placed on the imaging table 13 and set in the lower portion of the cassette 14. Is used for shooting.
This round-trip X-ray imaging device is small and lightweight as a mobile device, and features good operability. It can be easily moved to a bedroom, operating room, children's room, X-ray room, infant room, etc. in a hospital. And it is easily used for X-ray photography on site.
[0003]
X-ray imaging is performed using the X-ray irradiation switch 2 shown in FIG. 4 that is extendedly connected to the main body 4 of the carriage 7. 4A shows a no-operation state, FIG. 4B shows an imaging preparation state, and FIG. 4C shows an X-ray imaging operation state. First, the operator 1 stands near the subject 12 in order to know the X-ray irradiation range prior to X-ray imaging, and is attached to the side surface of the X-ray movable diaphragm 11 or provided separately. The irradiation lamp switch 22 is turned on, and the irradiation field of view aimed at the body surface of the subject 12 is confirmed by the irradiation field lamp 16 provided inside the X-ray movable diaphragm 11. The irradiation field of view can be adjusted with a knob provided on the side surface of the X-ray movable diaphragm 11. When the adjustment is completed, the hand irradiation lamp switch 22 is turned off. Then, the operator 1 moves to a place away from the subject 12 and presses the first-stage SW (imaging preparation switch) 2a of the X-ray irradiation switch 2 with a finger as shown in FIG. 4B. The shooting preparation circuit operates. Prior to imaging, the heating circuit of the filament of the X-ray tube 10 is operated, the rotating starter circuit of the rotating anode is operated, and it takes about 1 second or more to complete the predetermined preparation. Then, after the preparation for imaging is completed, as shown in FIG. 4C, when the second-stage SW (imaging switch) 2b is pressed with a finger, a high voltage is applied to the X-ray tube 10 and X-rays are emitted. Imaging is completed under the imaging conditions set by the X-ray controller.
[0004]
Next, the structure of the X-ray movable diaphragm 11 will be described with reference to FIG. In order to adjust the X-ray irradiation field 15, the role of the X-ray movable diaphragm 11 attached to the radiation port of the X-ray tube 10 of the apparatus is to make the irradiation field accurate, reduce the exposure dose, and improve the image quality. It is to improve.
X-rays from the focal point 10 a of the X-ray tube 10 are two-stage blades, a lower blade 20 provided in the case 23 of the X-ray movable diaphragm 11 for restricting left and right front and rear X-rays, and a line cone restriction blade 21. As a result, the diagnostic region of the subject 12 is irradiated as an X-ray flux.
A line cone limiting blade 21 (also referred to as an upper blade) whose main material is a lead plate sets the utilization line cone to the minimum necessary X-ray irradiation field 15. There are two methods of driving the blades: arc movement by gear and link mechanism, or parallel movement by wire rope, pulley and shaft arranged in parallel. The former has a simple mechanism and the latter is set. The accuracy of the X-ray irradiation field 15 is good. The lower blade 20 and the upper out-of-focus X-ray reduction blade 20a (also referred to as the back blade) operate in conjunction with the line cone control blade 21. The driving is performed by an operation knob provided on the side surface of the X-ray movable diaphragm 11. Further, the remote-operated fluoroscopic imaging table is operated by a small motor. The lower blade 20 greatly contributes to the reduction of scattered rays and the leakage dose of the X-ray movable diaphragm 11, and the out-of-focus X-ray reduction blade 20a is a blade that effectively reduces out-of-focus X-rays. In addition to the individual performances of the above three sets of blades, the overall performance is determined by the mutual geometric relationship and assembly dimensional accuracy. The display of the X-ray irradiation field is a method in which the irradiation field 15 formed by the light emitted from the irradiation field lamp 16 passing through the mirrors 16a and 16b and the pyramid limiting blade 21 is visually observed on the subject 12. There are two methods of displaying the opening degree by instructing a pointer working in conjunction with the line cone limiting blade 21 on an X-ray irradiation field scale plate (not shown), and it is possible to confirm without emitting X-rays. However, although there are some that do not include the irradiation field lamp 16, the irradiation field lamp 16 is necessary. Moreover, in order to protect the total filtration value which prescribes | regulates the quality of X-ray | X_line, the addition filter 25 etc. which can be attached or detached are provided.
[0005]
Next, the operation at the time of shooting will be described with reference to FIGS. FIG. 6 is a block diagram showing an operation sequence of the X-ray imaging circuit, and FIG. 7 shows an operation flow thereof.
First, the apparatus is moved to the vicinity of the imaging table 13 shown in FIG. 3, the cassette 14 is set on the back surface of the subject 12, the X-ray movable diaphragm 11 is positioned above the imaging region of the subject 12, and the X The hand irradiation lamp switch 22 provided on the side surface of the linear movable diaphragm 11 is turned on, the irradiation field lamp 16 is turned on, and the irradiation field 15 is determined by the aiming light through the mirrors 16a and 16b. If the irradiation field 15 is determined, the hand irradiation lamp switch 22 is turned off and turned off.
When the first stage SW2a (imaging preparation switch) of the X-ray irradiation switch 2 is pressed at the start of imaging, the recognition circuit 26 recognizes the signal, and the imaging preparation circuit 27 heats the filament of the X-ray tube 10 and turns the rotating anode. Rotates at high speed. When a predetermined time elapses, the confirmation circuit 28 sends a photographing preparation completion signal to the photographing preparation completion indicator lamp 17 on the operation panel 3 to light it. When the second-stage SW (imaging switch) 2b is pressed, an imaging preparation completion signal from the confirmation circuit 28 is sent to the high voltage generation circuit 29, a high voltage is applied to the X-ray tube 10 and X-rays are emitted. At the same time, a shooting signal is sent from the high voltage generation circuit 29 to the shooting indicator lamp 18 and the shooting buzzer 19 provided on the operation panel 3 so that the shooting indicator lamp 18 is turned on and a buzzer sound for informing X-ray emission is emitted. Sound. When the photographing is finished, the photographing signal from the high voltage generation circuit 29 is cut off to become a photographing completion signal (a signal after the X-ray emission is finished), the photographing indicator lamp 18 is turned off, and the photographing buzzer 19 stops sounding. When the first-stage SW of the X-ray irradiation switch 2 is opened, the imaging preparation completion indicator lamp 17 is turned off, and the imaging is completed.
[0006]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
The conventional X-ray imaging apparatus is configured as described above, and when ready for imaging, the imaging preparation completion indicator lamp 17 provided on the operation panel 3 of the main body 4 of the apparatus is turned on. Usually, when photographing, the surgeon 1 looks at the state of the subject 12 and needs to move his gaze on the operation panel 3 of the main body 4 of the apparatus in order to confirm that the photographing preparation is completed. However, there is a case where the line of sight must be removed from the subject 12, and the state of the subject 12 can be closely watched to concentrate on photographing.
[0007]
The present invention has been made in view of such circumstances, and when an operator holds an X-ray imaging switch and performs imaging by sequentially pressing the imaging preparation switch and the imaging switch, the line of sight is removed from the subject. An object of the present invention is to provide an X-ray imaging apparatus in which an imaging preparation completion state can be understood.
[0008]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
In order to achieve the above object, the X-ray imaging apparatus according to the present invention aims to confirm the X-ray irradiation field with the irradiation field lamp of the X-ray movable aperture at the imaging region of the subject, and The X-ray imaging apparatus controls the irradiation of the irradiation field lamp in an X-ray imaging apparatus that performs imaging by operating the imaging preparation means by operating one switch and applying a high voltage to the X-ray tube by operating the second switch after completing the preparation. Means are provided, and the lighting state of the irradiation field lamp is changed at the same time when the first switch is operated to be ready for photographing.
[0009]
In addition, the X-ray imaging apparatus for round trips of the present invention aims at confirming the X-ray irradiation field with the irradiation field lamp of the X-ray movable diaphragm on the imaging region of the subject, and the first switch of the X-ray irradiation switch. Means for controlling irradiation of the irradiation field lamp in an X-ray imaging apparatus that performs imaging by operating the imaging preparation means by applying the high voltage to the X-ray tube by operating the second switch after the preparation is completed. And the lighting switch of the irradiation field lamp is changed at the same time when the first switch is operated to be ready for photographing.
[0012]
The X-ray imaging apparatus of the present invention is configured as described above, and includes an X-ray movable diaphragm having an irradiation field lamp in an X-ray tube, and means for controlling irradiation of the irradiation field lamp is provided in the X-ray controller. The first switch of the X-ray irradiation switch is operated to be ready for imaging, and at the same time, the lighting state of the irradiation field lamp is changed, and the second switch is operated to enter the imaging end state. Change the lighting state. As a result, the surgeon only confirms the change in the lighting state of the light field that is aimed at the subject's body surface away from the X-ray movable diaphragm, and the surroundings are noisy and the buzzer sounds. Even if it cannot be heard, it is not necessary to shift the line of sight to the operation panel, and it is possible to shoot reliably and safely without always removing the line of sight from the subject.
[0013]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
An embodiment in which the present invention is applied to an X-ray imaging apparatus for round trips will be described with reference to FIG. FIG. 1 shows a functional block diagram of an X-ray imaging apparatus for round trips according to the present invention.
The present X-ray imaging apparatus for round trip includes an X-ray tube 10, an X-ray movable diaphragm 11 that is attached to the X-ray tube 10 and incorporates an irradiation field lamp 16, and a high voltage that applies a high voltage to the X-ray tube 10. A generation circuit 29, an X-ray irradiation switch 2 having a first-stage SW (imaging preparation switch) 2a and a second-stage SW (imaging switch) 2b for imaging operation, and a recognition circuit 26 for confirming the switch operation of the first-stage SW 2a A shooting preparation circuit 27 that performs filament heating and anode rotation before shooting, a confirmation circuit 28 that outputs a shooting preparation completion signal after a predetermined time, a shooting preparation completion indicator lamp 17 that is turned on when shooting preparation is completed, and during shooting An imaging indicator lamp 18 that is turned on, an imaging buzzer 19 that emits a buzzer sound during imaging, and an irradiation field lamp control circuit 31 that controls the illumination field lamp 16 in the X-ray movable diaphragm 11 to be turned on / off. .
[0014]
The X-ray imaging switch 2 includes a first-stage SW 2a and a second-stage SW 2b. The first-stage SW 2a is a switch for imaging preparation, and the second-stage SW 2b is a switch for imaging. The X-ray imaging switch 2 is connected so that the circuit does not operate unless the second SW2b is pressed after the first SW2a is pressed. The X-ray irradiation switch 2 shown in FIG. 4 can be performed by a two-step operation in which the first-stage SW2a and the second-stage SW2b are concentrically incorporated and one finger moves up and down. Further, a switch for taking a shooting preparation is provided on the side of the handle in a trigger shape, and a switch for shooting is provided on the upper surface of the handle.
The recognition circuit 26 is a circuit that operates when the first-stage SW 2a is being pressed. When the first-stage SW 2a is completely released, the operation is stopped and no output signal is output. The first-stage SW 2a is configured to operate continuously even if ON-OFF is repeated in a short time.
The imaging preparation circuit 27 receives a signal from the recognition circuit 26, sends a signal to the filament circuit of the X-ray tube 10 and supplies a heating current to the filament so that thermionic emission can be easily performed. A signal is sent to the circuit to rotate the rotating anode at a predetermined high speed to increase the heat capacity and to prepare for photographing. The time required for this preparation takes one second or more, and varies depending on the type of the X-ray tube 10. By providing the confirmation circuit 28 until the high voltage is applied to the X-ray tube 10, the high voltage is applied even if the second stage SW2b is operated unless a predetermined time has elapsed after the long time operation of the first stage SW2a. It is not to be done.
The confirmation circuit 28 applies a predetermined current to the filament in the imaging preparation circuit 27, and takes about 1 second or more to reach a state in which thermionic electrons can be emitted and to reach a predetermined rotational speed of the rotating anode. When a predetermined time elapses, it is confirmed that shooting preparation is completed, and a shooting preparation completion signal is output.
[0015]
The photographing preparation completion indicator lamp 17 is a lamp that is turned on by a photographing preparation completion signal output from the confirmation circuit 28 after a predetermined time when the first-stage SW 2a is pressed, and is provided on the operation panel 3 on the upper surface of the apparatus.
The shooting indicator lamp 18 is a lamp that is lit by a shooting signal output from the high voltage generation circuit 29 while a high voltage is applied from the high voltage generation circuit 29 to the X-ray tube 10 and radiates X-rays. It is provided on the operation panel 3 on the upper surface of the apparatus.
The imaging buzzer 19 generates a buzzer sound by an imaging signal output from the high voltage generation circuit 29 while X-rays are emitted from the X-ray tube 10 as in the imaging indicator lamp 18. It is provided on the operation panel 3 on the upper surface.
[0016]
The irradiation field lamp control circuit 31 is connected to the irradiation field lamp 16 in the X-ray movable diaphragm 11 and sends a lighting / extinguishing signal to the irradiation field lamp 16. After a predetermined time after pressing the first stage SW 2a, the irradiation field lamp 16 built in the X-ray movable diaphragm 11 is turned on by an imaging preparation completion signal from the confirmation circuit 28, and the second stage SW 2b is pressed to During imaging in which the line is radiated, the irradiation field lamp 16 continues to be lit by the imaging signal output from the high voltage generation circuit 29, and the imaging signal stops when the imaging ends, and the irradiation field lamp control circuit 31 performs irradiation. The field lamp 16 is turned off and is provided in the X-ray controller 30.
[0017]
The high voltage generation circuit 29 is inputted to the high voltage generation circuit 29 after the DC power source of the battery provided in the X-ray controller 30 is input to the inverter circuit and converted into high frequency alternating current, and is supplied to the cockcroft via the transformer. The voltage is boosted by the circuit, and the high voltage is applied to the X-ray tube 10.
The X-ray tube 10 is a rotary anode X-ray tube, has a small, light and compact shape, and can be expanded and contracted and moved up and down attached to a rotatable support column 8 provided in the carriage 7 shown in FIG. An X-ray movable diaphragm 11 which is attached to the tip of the arm 9 and has an irradiation field lamp 16 built in the X-ray emission port is attached.
[0018]
The X-ray movable diaphragm 11 is a line cone controller that can be attached to the X-ray tube 10 and adjust the X-ray irradiation field 15 and plays a role of reducing exposure dose, improving image quality, and improving system operability. As shown in FIG. 5, the X-ray irradiation field 15 is irradiated with a light flux obtained by reflecting the light of the irradiation field lamp 16 provided in the interior by mirrors 16 a and 16 b and being restricted by the line cone limiting blade 21. The The irradiation field lamp 16 is generally a halogen lamp.
Although there are some which have an opening indicator which consists of a pointer interlocking with the line cone restricting blade 21 and a scale plate representing the X-ray irradiation field 15, the X-ray movable diaphragm 11 has a built-in irradiation field lamp 16.
Further, as shown in FIG. 3, the hand irradiation lamp switch 22 is attached to the side surface of the X-ray movable diaphragm 11, the hand irradiation lamp switch 22 is turned ON, and the operator 1 is placed near the subject 12. The irradiation field 15 is positioned by grasping the handle of the linear movable diaphragm 11 and moving it forward and backward, left and right, and up and down. When the positioning is completed, the hand irradiation lamp switch 22 is turned off. Thereafter, the irradiation field lamp control circuit 31 provided in the X-ray controller 30 controls the illumination field lamp 16 to be turned on / off.
[0019]
Next, operations and operations during photographing of the apparatus will be described with reference to FIGS. FIG. 2 shows an operational flowchart during photographing.
First, the operation handle 5 is operated to move the apparatus to the vicinity of the imaging table 13. Then, the cassette 14 is set on the back surface of the subject 12 on the imaging table 13, the X-ray movable diaphragm 11 is positioned above the imaging region of the subject 12, and the hand provided on the side surface of the X-ray movable diaphragm 11. The irradiation lamp switch 22 is turned on, the irradiation field lamp 16 is turned on, and the irradiation field 15 is determined by the aiming light through the mirrors 16a and 16b. If the irradiation field 15 is determined, the hand irradiation lamp switch 22 is turned off and turned off.
When the first stage SW2a (imaging preparation switch) of the X-ray irradiation switch 2 is pressed at the start of imaging, the recognition circuit 26 recognizes the signal, and the imaging preparation circuit 27 heats the filament of the X-ray tube 10 and turns the rotating anode. Rotates at high speed. When a predetermined time elapses, the confirmation circuit 28 sends a photographing preparation completion signal to the photographing preparation completion indicator lamp 17 of the operation panel 3 so that it is turned on. At the same time, the signal is sent to the irradiation field lamp control circuit 31 and the irradiation field lamp 16 is turned on. Light up. At this time, the irradiation field 15 of the subject 12 is irradiated with light. The surgeon 1 does not need to shift the line of sight to the operation panel 3 and can know that the preparation for imaging has been completed only by gazing at the irradiation field 15 of the subject 1. When the second-stage SW (imaging switch) 2b is pressed, an imaging preparation completion signal from the confirmation circuit 28 is sent to the high voltage generation circuit 29, a high voltage is applied to the X-ray tube 10 and X-rays are emitted. . At the same time, an imaging signal is sent from the high voltage generation circuit 29 to the imaging indicator lamp 18 and the imaging buzzer 19 provided on the operation panel 3 so that the imaging indicator lamp 18 is turned on and a buzzer sound for informing X-ray emission is emitted. . At this time, the irradiation field 15 continues to be irradiated with light. When the photographing is finished, the photographing signal from the high voltage generation circuit 29 is cut off to become a photographing completion signal (a signal after the X-ray emission is finished), the photographing indicator lamp 18 is turned off, and the photographing buzzer 19 stops sounding. At the same time, the signal is sent to the irradiation field lamp control circuit 31, and the irradiation field lamp 16 is turned off. The surgeon 1 does not need to move the line of sight to the operation panel 3 at this time, and can know that the imaging has been completed only by gazing at the irradiation field 15 of the subject 1. Even if the surroundings are noisy and the buzzer sound of the shooting buzzer 19 is difficult to hear, the end of shooting can be confirmed. When the first-stage SW of the X-ray irradiation switch 2 is opened, the imaging preparation completion indicator lamp 17 is turned off, and the imaging is completed.
[0020]
In the above-described embodiment, the case where the X-ray imaging apparatus of the present invention is applied to a roundabout X-ray imaging apparatus has been described. However, the present invention is not limited to a roundabout X-ray imaging apparatus, and is also implemented in a general X-ray imaging apparatus. be able to. In the above-described embodiment, the lighting state of the irradiation field lamp 16 is changed both at the completion of shooting preparation and at the end of shooting. However, only one of them can be implemented. In the above-described embodiment, the irradiation field lamp 16 changes from the unlit state to the lit state at the same time as the preparation for photographing is completed, but “changes from the lit state to the unlit state”, “lit and blinks”. , “Changes in color” can also be applied.
In addition, the irradiation field lamp 16 changes from a lighting state to a light-off state at the same time as the photographing is finished, but “changes from the light-off state to the light-on state”, “lights and blinks”, and “colors change”. It can also be applied to changes in state.
As a method of “changing the color”, a method of using a color filter in the irradiation light path of the irradiation field lamp 16 in the X-ray movable diaphragm 11 and moving the filter to change it may be used.
[0021]
Furthermore, in the above embodiment, the illumination field lamp 16 is controlled to be turned on / off by the hardware of the control circuit, but may be performed by a method of processing these by software.
[0022]
【The invention's effect】
The X-ray imaging apparatus of the present invention is configured as described above, and the X-ray controller is provided with an irradiation field lamp control circuit for an X-ray movable diaphragm. When the first switch of the X-ray irradiation switch is operated, Is heated, and the rotating anode rotates to be ready for imaging, and at the same time, the X-ray irradiation field lamp is turned on and the subject is aimed. When the second switch is operated, a high voltage is applied to the X-ray tube, X-rays are emitted, and the irradiation field lamp is turned off at the same time as the radiographing is completed. As a result, the surgeon only confirms the change in the lighting state of the light field that is aimed at the subject's body surface away from the X-ray movable diaphragm, and the surroundings are noisy and the buzzer sounds. Even if you can't hear it, there is no need to shift your line of sight to whether the operation panel's shooting preparation completion indicator lamp or shooting indicator lamp is lit or extinguished. can do.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing an embodiment in which the present invention is suitable for an X-ray imaging apparatus for round visits.
FIG. 2 is a diagram showing a flowchart of the operation of the X-ray imaging apparatus of FIG.
FIG. 3 is a diagram showing an X-ray imaging state using an X-ray imaging apparatus for round visits.
FIG. 4 is a view showing a two-stage operation type X-ray irradiation switch;
FIG. 5 shows a structure of an X-ray movable diaphragm used by being attached to an X-ray tube device.
FIG. 6 is a block diagram of an imaging circuit of a conventional round X-ray imaging apparatus.
FIG. 7 is a diagram showing a flowchart of an operation at the time of imaging of a conventional round-trip X-ray imaging apparatus.
[Explanation of symbols]
1 ... Surgeon 2 ... X-ray irradiation switch 2a ... First stage SW
2b ... Second stage SW
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 3 ... Operation panel 4 ... Main body 5 ... Operation handle 6 ... Rear wheel 6a ... Front wheel 7 ... Carriage 8 ... Column 9 ... Arm 10 ... X-ray tube 10a ... Focus 11 ... X-ray movable diaphragm 12 ... Subject 13 ... Imaging stand 14 ... Cassette 15 ... Irradiation field 16 ... Irradiation field lamps 16a, 16b ... Mirror 17 ... Shooting preparation completion indicator lamp 18 ... Shooting indicator lamp 19 ... Shooting buzzer 20 ... Lower blade 20a ... Out-of-focus X-ray reduction blade 21 ... Line cone Restriction blade 22 ... Hand irradiation lamp switch 23 ... Case 25 ... Additional filter 26 ... Recognition circuit 27 ... Imaging preparation circuit 28 ... Confirmation circuit 29 ... High voltage generation circuit 30 ... X-ray controller 31 ... Irradiation field lamp control circuit

Claims (2)

Aiming and confirming the X-ray irradiation field with the irradiation field lamp of the X-ray movable diaphragm on the imaging region of the subject, operating the imaging preparation means by operating the first switch of the X-ray irradiation switch, In an X-ray imaging apparatus that performs imaging by applying a high voltage to the X-ray tube by operating the second switch, a means for controlling the irradiation of the irradiation field lamp is provided, and the first switch is operated to make the imaging ready state At the same time, the X-ray imaging apparatus is characterized in that the lighting state of the irradiation field lamp is changed. Aiming and confirming the X-ray irradiation field with the irradiation field lamp of the X-ray movable diaphragm on the imaging region of the subject, operating the imaging preparation means by operating the first switch of the X-ray irradiation switch, In an X-ray imaging apparatus that performs imaging by applying a high voltage to the X-ray tube by operating the second switch, a means for controlling the irradiation of the irradiation field lamp is provided, and the first switch is operated to make the imaging ready state At the same time, the lighting state of the irradiation field lamp is changed, and the X-ray imaging apparatus for round visits is characterized.

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