JP5044261B2 - Animal feed - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to an animal feed and an animal breeding method using the same. More specifically, the present invention relates to an animal feed characterized by containing a specific porous carrier and a specific microorganism mixture.

  Conventionally, in the livestock industry, it has been a big problem to improve the quality of meat while maintaining the health of domestic animals such as livestock and promoting the fattening of animals in order to improve productivity. Further, in raising animals such as livestock, there is a problem that bad odor is generated from manure excreted by the domestic animals, which causes pollution. Furthermore, when compost is produced from manure excreted by domestic animals, it is also a major problem to prevent malodor generated in the composting fermentation process.

  Attempts to solve these issues or problems have been made for some time. For example, in order to improve the meat quality of livestock and enhance the breeding of livestock, feed for livestock obtained by mixing and fermenting lactic acid bacteria and livestock blood has been proposed (see Patent Document 1). However, in the present invention, it is necessary to secure sufficient livestock blood, and there is a problem of infection by pathogenic substances.

  It has been reported that the odor of manure excreted by livestock is reduced by adding fermented products such as legumes, cereals and potatoes to fermented livestock by adding lactic acid bacteria and yeast. However, effects on fattening and meat quality of livestock are not clear (see Patent Document 2).

  Moreover, although it has been reported that the feed containing a microorganism such as actinomycetes and lactic acid bacteria and zeolite suppresses the dung odor of livestock, the effect on fattening and meat quality of livestock is not clear (see Patent Documents 3 and 4). ).

  There has been a proposal to improve the intestinal environment of livestock by using animal feed including teacups, and to improve livestock fattening and reduce manure odor. It is not clear what effect this has on (see Patent Document 5).

  By using an animal feed additive containing lactic acid bacteria and yeast, the fattening rate of animals has been improved, and a decrease in fecal odor has been reported (see Patent Document 6). However, it is not clear how the meat quality is improved and what kind of effect is exerted on the malodor generated in the process of composting manure.

  In addition, animal feed containing plum fruits has been proposed to improve livestock fattening and improve meat quality, but it is not clear what effect it has on odor and odor generated during composting fermentation of manure. No (see Patent Document 7).

  In this way, various feeds or feed additives have been proposed in order to promote fattening of breeding animals, improve meat quality, and suppress malodours generated in the process of composting fermentation of dung odors and manure of domestic animals. . However, no animal feed or animal breeding method that satisfies all these requirements has been reported so far.

JP 2005-198536 A Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 11-104222 JP-A-9-252728 Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 11-285348 JP 2006-121942 A JP 2001-149023 A JP 2003-235467 A

  The present invention provides an animal feed that improves meat quality while promoting fattening of domestic animals such as livestock, and suppresses malodours generated in the process of composting fermentation of feces and urine of domestic animals. The purpose is to provide compost (organic fertilizer) rich in water.

  The first invention is selected from the group consisting of a microorganism belonging to the genus Bacillus and a microorganism belonging to the genus Clostridium, and a group consisting of shirasu, shirasu balloon, perlite, vermiculite, pumice, and plant carbide to achieve the above object. An animal feed comprising at least one porous carrier is provided.

  The second invention is the animal feed according to claim 1, wherein the microorganism belonging to the genus Bacillus is from Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus rikenformis, Bacillus circulans, Bacillus polymixer, Bacillus azotofixance and Bacillus macerans. And at least one microorganism selected from the group consisting of Clostridium cellulolyticum, Clostridium aerotolerance, Clostridium acetobutylicum and Clostridium pasterianum. The present invention relates to an animal feed characterized by being a species of microorganism.

  A third invention relates to an animal breeding method for feeding an animal with the feed according to claim 1 or 2 and raising the animal.

  The fourth invention relates to the breeding method according to claim 3, wherein the animal is a cow, pig or chicken.

  The fifth invention relates to an organic fertilizer obtained by fermenting manure obtained from an animal bred by the breeding method according to claim 4 for 20 to 50 days.

  Feeding the feed of the present invention to domestic animals promotes animal fattening and improves meat quality. Furthermore, since the dung odor of domestic animals is suppressed, it is possible to suppress the occurrence of pollution due to bad odor.

  By feeding the domestic animal with the feed of the present invention, when producing compost from manure excreted by the domestic animal, malodor generated during the composting fermentation process can be prevented, and further, compost having excellent nutrients ( Organic fertilizer) is obtained.

  The mixed microorganism used in the present invention is a microorganism belonging to the genus Bacillus and a microorganism belonging to the genus Clostridium.

  The microorganism belonging to the genus Bacillus is at least one microorganism selected from the group consisting of Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus rikenformis, Bacillus circulans, Bacillus polymixer, Bacillus azotophyxans and Bacillus macerans. Is preferred.

  The microorganism belonging to the genus Clostridium is preferably at least one microorganism selected from the group consisting of Clostridium cellulolyticum, Clostridium aerotolerance, Clostridium acetobutylicum and Clostridium pasterianum.

  The above-mentioned microorganisms are bacteria that are generally used for test research, and are commercially available, or readily available that are deposited at microorganism depositing institutions and microorganism preservation institutions. The group of microorganisms used in the present invention preferably includes lipopeptide-producing bacteria, cellulase-producing bacteria and nitrogen-fixing bacteria. Specifically, for example, Bacillus subtilis ATCC No. which is a lipopeptide and cellulase-producing bacteria. . 21332 and 6051 and Bacillus rikenformis ATCC No. 39307 and 14580, Bacillus circulans ATCC No. 9500, Bacillus polymixer ATCC No. 842, Clostridium cellularity cam ATCC No. 35319 and Clostridium Aerotolerance ATCC No. 43524, Bacillus azotofixans ATCC No. 35681, Bacillus macerans ATCC No. 8244, Clostridium acetobutylicum ATCC No. 8 824 and Clostridium pasterianum ATCC No. It is preferred to use a strain such as 6013.

  The proportion of each microorganism in the mixed microorganism used in the present invention is not particularly limited, but it is preferable to add an equal amount by dry cell weight.

  The animal feed of the present invention can be produced by mixing a microorganism suspension obtained by suspending microorganisms in a culture solution with a porous carrier, and allowing the porous carrier to absorb the microorganism suspension. Preferably, the microorganism can be produced by culturing the microorganism in a culture solution, spraying the culture solution in which the microorganism is suspended onto the porous carrier, and absorbing the culture solution together with the microorganism on the porous carrier.

  In producing the animal feed of the present invention, the microbial suspension or microbial culture solution / porous carrier (weight ratio) is preferably 0.02 to 0.5, more preferably 0.05 to 0.3. .

  The culture solution of microorganisms is not particularly limited, but from the economical viewpoint, it is preferable to use a culture solution in which molasses and water are mixed. The molasses concentration in the culture solution is preferably 2 to 20% by weight, more preferably 5 to 15% by weight.

  When culturing microorganisms, it is preferable to add 0.2 g to 1.0 g of dry mixed microorganisms in which each microorganism is mixed in an equal amount by dry weight per liter of culture solution, and 0.5 g to 0.7 g is added. Is more preferable. This is preferably cultured at 10 to 40 ° C. for 2 to 7 days.

  The porous carrier used in the present invention is at least one porous carrier selected from the group consisting of shirasu, shirasu balloon, pearlite, vermiculite, pumice and plant carbide. The average particle diameter of the porous carrier is preferably 10 μm to 1 mm, more preferably 20 to 800 μm. If the average particle size is less than 10 μm, the water absorption tends to decrease, and the voids where microorganisms are adsorbed and fixed tend to decrease. When the average particle diameter exceeds 1 mm, there is a tendency to cause feeding avoidance in domestic animals.

  Shirasu is a white, sandy volcanic ejecta that forms the Shirasu plateau and is widely distributed in southern Kyushu. The mineral composition of Shirasu is mainly composed of volcanic glass and plagioclase, and pyroxene, quartz, magnetite, etc. as minor components. The true specific gravity of Shirasu is in the range of 2.3 to 2.5, and the average is 2.39. The chemical composition contains about 70% by weight of silicic acid, about 14% by weight of alumina, and about 8% by weight of alkali oxide.

  A shirasu balloon is a porous and spherical product produced by rapidly heating a shirasu at 800 to 1200 ° C. and foaming it. It is a lightweight material because of its low specific gravity, and is an environmentally friendly material that is colorless and harmless and has excellent chemical resistance.

  Perlite is obtained by pulverizing volcanic glass such as obsidian, nacre, pine sebite, and heating and expanding it rapidly.

  Vermiculite is obtained by pulverizing a meteorite and rapidly heating and expanding it.

  Pumice is a kind of volcanic debris and is porous.

  The plant carbide is obtained by carbonizing a plant such as charcoal or activated carbon. The charcoal is obtained by carbonizing bamboo or wood, and is obtained by carbonizing stem branches or seeds such as stalks of Gramineae mushrooms and Gramineae moss, birch, birch, pine pine, beech moths, etc. It is what was done. Of the charcoal, white charcoal is preferred. White charcoal is charcoal produced only by the built-in kiln charcoal production method and the fire extinguishing method outside the kiln defined by the Japanese Agricultural Standards, and is fired at a high temperature of 1000 ° C. or higher.

  The activated carbon is obtained by activating carbonized materials such as sawdust, wood chips, plant fiber of coconut shells, lignite or petroleum, and then activating.

  The breeding animal that feeds the feed of the present invention is not particularly limited, but cows, pigs or chickens with a large supply amount of meat are preferable.

  The feed of the present invention is mixed with feed that is normally fed by 0.1 to 0.5% by weight, preferably 0.2 to 0.3% by weight, and fed to a domestic animal (100% by weight as a whole). ).

  The feed of the present invention is preferably fed over the entire breeding period of the domestic animals. In the case of cattle and pigs, it is preferable to feed from just after birth to just before slaughter, and in the case of chickens from just after hatching to just before slaughter.

  The fertilizer of the present invention is produced by depositing manure obtained from animals, leaving it for several tens of days in a state where it is not directly exposed to wind and rain, and performing at least one turnover during the standing period. be able to. The production site can be anywhere, for example, it can be produced on concrete and soil. It can be of any shape so that the accumulated manure is not directly exposed to the wind or rain, but it can also be stored in a covered room or covered with a water-impermeable sheet, for example a vinyl sheet But you can.

  The generation of ammonia causes germination problems and early growth problems, so it usually takes several months to half a year to make animal manure compostable. However, since the compost (organic fertilizer) of the present invention has almost no new generation of ammonia, the newly obtained animal manure is fermented as it is for 20 to 50 days without damaging the roots even after sowing and planting. It can be used organic fertilizer. If the fermentation period is shorter than 20 days, ammonia may remain to some extent, which may inhibit plant growth. When it is longer than 50 days, nutrients such as nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium are decreased, and the efficacy as a fertilizer tends to be decreased.

  EXAMPLES Hereinafter, the present invention will be specifically described with reference to examples, but the present invention is not limited thereto.

Production Example 1
The microorganisms listed in Table 1 were mixed in equal amounts by dry weight to prepare dry mixed microorganisms. 0.3 g of this dry mixed microorganism was added to a culture solution containing 55 g of molasses in 500 mL of water and cultured at 18-23 ° C. for 4 days. This was sprayed and absorbed on 10 kg of shirasu (water content 0% to 5%) having a particle size of 20 μm to 1 mm to produce feed A.

Production Example 2
Feed B was produced in the same manner as in Example 1 except that 5 kg of Shirasu Balloon WB-601 (manufactured by Axes Chemical Co., Ltd.) having an average particle size of 141.92 μm was used instead of Shirasu.

Production Example 3
The microorganisms listed in Table 1 were mixed in equal amounts by dry weight to prepare dry mixed microorganisms. 0.3 g of this dry mixed microorganism was added to a culture solution containing 55 g of molasses in 500 mL of water and cultured at 18-23 ° C. for 4 days. Shirasu Balloon WB-601 (Axes Co., Ltd.) having 0.7 kg of finely pulverized charcoal (manufactured by Mori Construction Co., Ltd.) obtained by carbonizing wood and 80 g of the obtained culture broth was obtained. Chemical product) 0.4 kg of mixture was sprayed and absorbed to produce feed C.

Example 1
A breeding test was conducted using 23 Japanese black cattle (female). During the first half of the breeding period, 180 kg of general bran (made by Showa Sangyo Co., Ltd.), 135 kg of increased production bran (manufactured by Nisshin Flour Milling Co., Ltd.), 45 kg of corn (manufactured by Nisshin Flour Milling Co., Ltd.), defatted soybean (Nisshin Flour Milling Co., Ltd.) )) 20 kg, pressure pen wheat (Takenouchi Flour Mills Co., Ltd.) 36 kg and Yamato 73 (Zenno Co., Ltd.) 80 kg blended, and feed C produced in Production Example 3 was further blended 1.1 kg Was fed. Next, in the latter half of the breeding period, 135 kg of general bran (produced by Showa Sangyo Co., Ltd.), 90 kg of increased production bran (produced by Nisshin Flour Milling Co., Ltd.), 20 kg of A feed (produced by Nishida Seiwa Co., Ltd.), soybean flakes (Kato) 20 kg of oil refinery), 135 kg of pressure pen wheat (manufactured by Takenouchi Flour Milling), 45 kg of corn meal (manufactured by Fukuyama Flour Milling) and 40 kg of Yamato 73 (manufactured by Zenno Nori) Feed containing 1.1 kg of feed C was fed. The whole breeding period was from September to 2 years, and the body weight at the start of the breeding test and as a beef cattle was measured. The measurement results are shown in Table 2.

Comparative Example 1
Breeding was carried out in the same manner as in Example 1 except that 27 (Japanese black breed, female) were used and the feed not containing the feed C was fed. The total breeding period was from 1 year to 2 years. Table 3 shows the weights at the start of the breeding test and at the time of shipment as beef cattle.

  According to Table 2 and Table 3, the ratio of the average body weight at the time of shipment / the average body weight at the start of the breeding test was 2.86 in Example 1 and 2.67 in Comparative Example 1. This shows that fattening performance improves by feeding the feed of the present invention.

Example 2, Comparative Examples 2-5 and Reference Examples 1-3
Example 2 is continued until black beef cattle (female) are mixed with 0.25% by weight (100% by weight as a whole) of feed B produced in Production Example 2 in normal feed until they are shipped as beef cattle. Fed. In Comparative Examples 2 and 3, normal feed was fed to Japanese black beef (female). In the reference example, steers of Japanese black cattle are bred with normal feed.

  Table 4 shows the carcass weight and meat quality results obtained after slaughter at the same time. The meat quality is rated according to standards established by the Japan Meat Rating Association.

  According to Table 4, it can be seen that in Example 2 fed with the feed of the present invention, a clearly higher carcass weight was obtained compared to Comparative Examples 2 and 3. It can also be seen that the proportion of the number of heads whose meat quality is classified into grades 4 and above is clearly higher in Example 1 than in Comparative Examples 4 and 5.

  Steering of bulls is performed for the purpose of promoting fattening (Reference Examples 1 to 3). Comparing Example 2 and Reference Examples 1 to 3 in Table 4, it can be seen that the carcass weight in Example 2 is comparable to Reference Examples 1 to 3.

  It was clear by sensory test that the odor of cow dung during the breeding period in Example 1 was remarkably reduced as compared with the cow dung of the group not fed the feed of the present invention.

Production Example 4
A feed containing 0.25% by weight (100% by weight as a whole) of the feed B produced in Production Example 2 in a normal feed was fed to Japanese black cattle (female) and reared. The surface of the feces 10t excreted by the wagyu beef was sealed with a vinyl sheet and fermented for 31 days from July 20, 2005 to August 20, 2005 to produce an organic fertilizer D. The turnover was performed once on the 21st day after the start of fermentation.

  In Production Example 4, compost was not sludged during fermentation, and the generation of malodor was also suppressed (Feed B addition group). On the other hand, the feces excreted by Japanese black beef (female) fed with the feed not containing the feed D was fermented in the same manner as in Production Example 4, resulting in a sludge-like form in the vinyl sheet, resulting in a bad odor (No additive group).

  About the said feed B addition group and the non-addition group, the ammonia concentration in the vinyl sheet during fermentation was measured on the 1st, 10th, 20th and 30th days after the start of fermentation. For the measurement, a gas tech detector tube type gas meter (scale range: 1 to 30 ppm, manufactured by Gastec Co., Ltd., product number GV-100S) was used. The results are shown in Table 5.

  The analysis results of organic fertilizer D are shown in Table 6. The analysis was conducted at Kagoshima Prefectural Environmental Measurement Center.

  The three elements necessary for crops, nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, are 2.5% for raw cow dung, 4.1% phosphorus, 0.3% potassium, and 5.0% nitrogen for raw chicken dung. , Phosphorus 4.7%, Potassium 2.3%, Pig dung raw 4.3% Nitrogen, Phosphorus 4.9%, Potassium 0.6% (Fertilizer manual, 4th edition, Rural Culture Association) However, since the conventional compost takes too much time to produce, the content of these three elements is very low. However, according to Table 6, since the fertilizer of the present invention has a short fermentation period, it is possible to obtain a very excellent fertilizer having a three-element content higher than that of ordinary compost.

Example 3 Ogura cultivation On March 11, 2 t of organic fertilizer D (Production Example 4) was introduced into a 300 tsubo field, and Ogura seeds were sown on March 25. Germination occurred 7 days after sowing, and a Tachigalen solution (manufactured by Sankyo Agro Co., Ltd.) was sprayed 3 times for 60 days after germination. Thereafter, until the harvesting, the insecticide Afarm emulsion (manufactured by Syngenta Japan Co., Ltd.) was sprayed once. Ogura was harvested from June 9 to August 22. The average yield per day was 2500-3000. Compared to the case where normal compost was introduced into the field, when organic fertilizer D was introduced, the amount of tatigalenic solution used was ½ and the amount of afarm emulsion used was ３. The yield increased by 20%.

Example 4 Red Cabbage Cultivation On September 19, 4 t of organic fertilizer D (Production Example 4) was introduced into a 400 tsubo field, and on September 30, red cabbage seedlings were transplanted. The field was cultivated in the previous year, but no continuous cropping problems occurred. Moreover, despite the absence of pesticides, there was no disease or pest damage. The growth of red cabbage was good, and without using chemical fertilizer, it was able to harvest as much as the previous year.

Example 5 Broad bean cultivation On August 19, 8 t of organic fertilizer D (Production Example 4) was introduced into a 1000 tsubo field, and broad bean seedlings were transplanted on September 3. The core was fixed on September 20, and broad beans were harvested from November 25 to December 30. The amount of broad bean harvested during this period was 2t, which was much higher than usual. In addition, the disinfectant bisdaisen wettable powder (manufactured by Dow Chemical Japan Co., Ltd.) was sprayed only once without using the insecticide afarm emulsion, but damage caused by continuous cropping disorder, root rot, aphids, etc. There were few.

Claims (5)

Mixing microorganisms, including microorganisms belonging to the microorganisms and Clostridium genus Bacillus, as well as animal feed, characterized by containing Shirasu and / or Shirasubaru down as the porous carrier. The microorganism belonging to the genus Bacillus is at least one microorganism selected from the group consisting of Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus lichenformis, Bacillus circulans, Bacillus polymixer, Bacillus azotophyxans and Bacillus macerans, 2. The microorganism belonging to the genus Clostridium is at least one microorganism selected from the group consisting of Clostridium cellulolyticum, Clostridium aerotolerance, Clostridium acetobutylicum and Clostridium pasterianum. Animal feed. An animal rearing method in which the feed according to claim 1 or 2 is fed to an animal and reared. The breeding method according to claim 3, wherein the animal is a cow, pig or chicken. An organic fertilizer obtained by fermenting manure obtained from an animal bred by the breeding method according to claim 4 for 20 to 50 days.