JP5129352B2 - プラスチック材料からハウジングを製造する方法 - Google Patents
プラスチック材料からハウジングを製造する方法 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- JP5129352B2 JP5129352B2 JP2011002496A JP2011002496A JP5129352B2 JP 5129352 B2 JP5129352 B2 JP 5129352B2 JP 2011002496 A JP2011002496 A JP 2011002496A JP 2011002496 A JP2011002496 A JP 2011002496A JP 5129352 B2 JP5129352 B2 JP 5129352B2
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- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- housing
- workpiece
- plastic material
- laser beam
- joint
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
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Images
Classifications
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- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
- B29C66/80—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof
- B29C66/81—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps
- B29C66/812—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the composition, by the structure, by the intensive physical properties or by the optical properties of the material constituting the pressing elements, e.g. constituting the welding jaws or clamps
- B29C66/8126—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the composition, by the structure, by the intensive physical properties or by the optical properties of the material constituting the pressing elements, e.g. constituting the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the intensive physical properties or by the optical properties of the material constituting the pressing elements, e.g. constituting the welding jaws or clamps
- B29C66/81266—Optical properties, e.g. transparency, reflectivity
- B29C66/81267—Transparent to electromagnetic radiation, e.g. to visible light
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- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
- B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
- B29C65/14—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using wave energy, i.e. electromagnetic radiation, or particle radiation
- B29C65/16—Laser beams
- B29C65/1629—Laser beams characterised by the way of heating the interface
- B29C65/1635—Laser beams characterised by the way of heating the interface at least passing through one of the parts to be joined, i.e. laser transmission welding
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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- B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
- B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
- B29C65/14—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using wave energy, i.e. electromagnetic radiation, or particle radiation
- B29C65/16—Laser beams
- B29C65/1629—Laser beams characterised by the way of heating the interface
- B29C65/1654—Laser beams characterised by the way of heating the interface scanning at least one of the parts to be joined
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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- B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
- B29C65/14—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using wave energy, i.e. electromagnetic radiation, or particle radiation
- B29C65/16—Laser beams
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- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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- B29C66/1162—Single bevel to bevel joints, e.g. mitre joints
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- B29C66/122—Joint cross-sections combining only two joint-segments, i.e. one of the parts to be joined comprising only two joint-segments in the joint cross-section
- B29C66/1222—Joint cross-sections combining only two joint-segments, i.e. one of the parts to be joined comprising only two joint-segments in the joint cross-section comprising at least a lapped joint-segment
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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- B29C66/01—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
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- B29C66/122—Joint cross-sections combining only two joint-segments, i.e. one of the parts to be joined comprising only two joint-segments in the joint cross-section
- B29C66/1224—Joint cross-sections combining only two joint-segments, i.e. one of the parts to be joined comprising only two joint-segments in the joint cross-section comprising at least a butt joint-segment
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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- B29C66/05—Particular design of joint configurations
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- B29C66/124—Tongue and groove joints
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- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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- B29C66/124—Tongue and groove joints
- B29C66/1244—Tongue and groove joints characterised by the male part, i.e. the part comprising the tongue
- B29C66/12443—Tongue and groove joints characterised by the male part, i.e. the part comprising the tongue having the tongue substantially in the middle
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- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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- B29C66/131—Single flanged joints, i.e. one of the parts to be joined being rigid and flanged in the joint area
- B29C66/1312—Single flange to flange joints, the parts to be joined being rigid
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- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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- B29C66/21—Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint lines, e.g. of the weld lines said joint lines being formed by a single dot or dash or by several dots or dashes, i.e. spot joining or spot welding
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- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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- B29C66/50—General aspects of joining tubular articles; General aspects of joining long products, i.e. bars or profiled elements; General aspects of joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; General aspects of joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
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- B29C66/53—Joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars
- B29C66/534—Joining single elements to open ends of tubular or hollow articles or to the ends of bars
- B29C66/5346—Joining single elements to open ends of tubular or hollow articles or to the ends of bars said single elements being substantially flat
- B29C66/53461—Joining single elements to open ends of tubular or hollow articles or to the ends of bars said single elements being substantially flat joining substantially flat covers and/or substantially flat bottoms to open ends of container bodies
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- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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- B29C66/50—General aspects of joining tubular articles; General aspects of joining long products, i.e. bars or profiled elements; General aspects of joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; General aspects of joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
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- B29C66/65—General aspects of joining tubular articles; General aspects of joining long products, i.e. bars or profiled elements; General aspects of joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; General aspects of joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles with a relative motion between the article and the welding tool
- B29C66/652—General aspects of joining tubular articles; General aspects of joining long products, i.e. bars or profiled elements; General aspects of joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; General aspects of joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles with a relative motion between the article and the welding tool moving the welding tool around the fixed article
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- B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
- B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
- B29C66/73—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset
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- B29C66/7392—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of at least one of the parts being a thermoplastic
- B29C66/73921—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of at least one of the parts being a thermoplastic characterised by the materials of both parts being thermoplastics
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- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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- B29C66/80—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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- B29C66/83—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof characterised by the movement of the joining or pressing tools
- B29C66/836—Moving relative to and tangentially to the parts to be joined, e.g. transversely to the displacement of the parts to be joined, e.g. using a X-Y table
- B29C66/8362—Rollers, cylinders or drums moving relative to and tangentially to the parts to be joined
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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- B29C65/16—Laser beams
- B29C65/1603—Laser beams characterised by the type of electromagnetic radiation
- B29C65/1612—Infrared [IR] radiation, e.g. by infrared lasers
- B29C65/1616—Near infrared radiation [NIR], e.g. by YAG lasers
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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- B29C65/16—Laser beams
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
- B29C65/14—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using wave energy, i.e. electromagnetic radiation, or particle radiation
- B29C65/16—Laser beams
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- B29C66/01—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B29C66/01—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
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- B29C66/0344—Annealing
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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-
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-
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- B29C66/90—Measuring or controlling the joining process
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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- B29C66/90—Measuring or controlling the joining process
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-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
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- B29C66/90—Measuring or controlling the joining process
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- B29C66/9221—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the pressure, the force, the mechanical power or the displacement of the joining tools by measuring the pressure, the force, the mechanical power or the displacement of the joining tools by measuring the pressure, the force or the mechanical power
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- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
- B29C66/90—Measuring or controlling the joining process
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- B29C66/924—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the pressure, the force, the mechanical power or the displacement of the joining tools by controlling or regulating the pressure, the force, the mechanical power or the displacement of the joining tools
- B29C66/9241—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the pressure, the force, the mechanical power or the displacement of the joining tools by controlling or regulating the pressure, the force, the mechanical power or the displacement of the joining tools by controlling or regulating the pressure, the force or the mechanical power
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- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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- B29C66/90—Measuring or controlling the joining process
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- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C71/00—After-treatment of articles without altering their shape; Apparatus therefor
- B29C71/02—Thermal after-treatment
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- B29K2077/00—Use of PA, i.e. polyamides, e.g. polyesteramides or derivatives thereof, as moulding material
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- B29K2995/00—Properties of moulding materials, reinforcements, fillers, preformed parts or moulds
- B29K2995/0018—Properties of moulding materials, reinforcements, fillers, preformed parts or moulds having particular optical properties, e.g. fluorescent or phosphorescent
- B29K2995/0026—Transparent
- B29K2995/0027—Transparent for light outside the visible spectrum
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- B29K2995/00—Properties of moulding materials, reinforcements, fillers, preformed parts or moulds
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- B29L2031/00—Other particular articles
- B29L2031/34—Electrical apparatus, e.g. sparking plugs or parts thereof
- B29L2031/3481—Housings or casings incorporating or embedding electric or electronic elements
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/31504—Composite [nonstructural laminate]
- Y10T428/31855—Of addition polymer from unsaturated monomers
- Y10T428/31935—Ester, halide or nitrile of addition polymer
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Optics & Photonics (AREA)
- Electromagnetism (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Toxicology (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Lining Or Joining Of Plastics Or The Like (AREA)
- Switch Cases, Indication, And Locking (AREA)
- Laser Beam Processing (AREA)
- Manufacture Of Switches (AREA)
- Push-Button Switches (AREA)
- Diaphragms For Electromechanical Transducers (AREA)
- Adornments (AREA)
- Turning (AREA)
Description
色に関して均一の視覚印象を与える必要がある。さらに公報に示されているシートは平面上の互いに溶接される平面を形成する。しかしながら、一般にハウジング部は、特に電気スイッチ等の場合、複雑な形状を有し、ハウジング部が互いに接続される接合部分はこの形状に沿っていなければならないので、一面に限定されない。公報の明細書には複雑な空間の接合部分の製造に関しては何も述べられていない。従って、周知の方法は、特に電気スイッチのハウジング部の溶接に適していない。
直接、作用するようにすることができる。好適には、圧力は接合部分に沿ってレーザービームの動きを追跡するように作用する。レーザービームのこのような動きは、例えば、ロボット又は多軸処理装置が使用される場合、空間的にプログラム可能な方法で容易に達成することができる。特に、ワークピースの個々の位置で区分状の溶接を容易に行うことができる。さらに製造方法は、レーザービーム源の操作パラメータを、圧力及び温度のような接合部分における測定工程パラメータに相当する方法で自動的に制御することによって最適化することができる。
本発明による方法でレーザービームによってワークピース部を溶接するための装置の概略が図1に示されている。装置はレーザービーム源1、例えばNd:YAGレーザー、光システム3に可撓性光ガイド2によって接続されている光の出口を備え、その結果、レーザービーム源1は所望の空間位置に設けることができる。光システム3はワークピースホルダ4上に設けられ、例えば図1の方向矢印5によって示されているように駆動装置による制御装置によって移動可能である。当然、光システム3を可動に設計することもできる。
る。
、特別な場合は、顔料を添加しないことが好都合であることが示された。従って、二つのワークピース部7、8は実質上、可視光線を通さず、ほぼ均等な視覚効果を与えるために黒く着色される。従って、好都合なことにハウジング6の二つのワークピース部7、8は視覚上、同じ印象を与えるので、プラスチック毎に調節を変えていることは目には見えない。
T+A+R=100%
各結合部分12、13で反射されるレーザービーム11の割合は、接合部分10の加熱にあまり影響がないので、プラスチックを調節することによって、できるだけ少なくしておく必要があることも強調しておかなければならない。
2: 光ガイド
3: 光システム
4: ワークピースホルダ
5、5´:方向矢印
6: ハウジング
7: ハウジングベース(第二ワークピース部分)
8: ハウジングカバー(第一ワークピース部分)
9: ショルダ
10: 接合部分
11: レーザービーム
12: 第一結合部分
13: 第二結合部分
14: 吸収領域
15: 熱伝導領域
16: 圧力ローラー
17: 隣接重なりジョイント(更なる形状)
18: くさび形状のジョイント(更なる形状)
19: ショルダ形状の重なりジョイント(更なる形状)
20、20´:突出ショルダ
21: ショルダ形状のジョイント(更なる形状)
22: ショルダ形状のジョイント(更なる形状)
23: 溝状の重なりジョイント
24: 溝
25: 突縁
26: 壁
27: 空胴
28: 区分状の接合部分
29: スナップ接続
Claims (7)
- プラスチック材料からハウジングを製造する方法であって、
前記ハウジングを構成する第1のハウジング部と第2のハウジング部とを準備するステップと、
前記第1のハウジング部上に前記第2ハウジング部を載置し、それらの接合部分にレーザービームを照射するステップとを備え、
前記第1のハウジング部と第2のハウジング部とを準備するステップは、
前記第1のハウジング部を構成するプラスチック材料及び前記第2のハウジング部を構成するプラスチック材料に、顔料を、添加比率を変えて、且つ前記第1のハウジング部と前記第2のハウジング部とが可視光に関して不透過性を有するように添加するステップを含み、
前記第1のハウジング部を構成するプラスチック材料及び前記第2のハウジング部を構成するプラスチック材料の一方のプラスチック材料に添加される顔料は、他方のプラスチック材料に添加される顔料の量よりも少ない量であり、
前記一方のプラスチック材料からなるハウジング部は、前記他方のプラスチック材料からなるハウジング部に比較して、レーザービームに対して高い透過性及び低い吸収性を示し、可視光に対して前記第1のハウジング部と前記第2のハウジング部とは、前記一方のプラスチック材料からなるハウジング部のレーザービームに対する透過性よりも低い透過性を示すことを特徴とする方法。 - 前記第1のハウジング部及び第2のハウジング部の一方を構成するプラスチック材料に添加される顔料の量は1〜2%であり、他方を構成するプラスチック材料に添加される顔料は、前記一方を構成する前記プラスチック材料に添加される顔料の量よりも少ない量である、請求項1記載の方法。
- 前記第1のハウジング部を構成するプラスチック材料と、前記第2のハウジング部を構成するプラスチック材料とは、同じプラスチック材料である、請求項1または2記載の方法。
- 前記プラスチック材料は、スチレン−アクリロニトリル共重合体またはポリアミドからなる、請求項3記載の方法。
- 前記顔料は、黒色の顔料である請求項1〜4のいずれか1項記載の方法。
- 前記レーザービームを照射するときに、圧力ローラにより前記第1のハウジング部と前記第2のハウジング部との接合部に圧力を加えることを特徴とする、請求項1〜5のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 前記圧力ローラが前記レーザービームを透過可能であることを特徴とする請求項1〜6のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
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|---|---|---|---|
| DE4411251 | 1994-03-31 | ||
| DEP4411251.3 | 1994-03-31 |
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| JP2006131580A Division JP4979263B2 (ja) | 1994-03-31 | 2006-05-10 | プラスチックワークピース及びその製造方法 |
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| JP7525339A Pending JPH09510930A (ja) | 1994-03-31 | 1995-03-23 | プラスチックワークピース及びその製造方法 |
| JP2006131580A Expired - Lifetime JP4979263B2 (ja) | 1994-03-31 | 2006-05-10 | プラスチックワークピース及びその製造方法 |
| JP2011002496A Expired - Lifetime JP5129352B2 (ja) | 1994-03-31 | 2011-01-07 | プラスチック材料からハウジングを製造する方法 |
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| JP2006131580A Expired - Lifetime JP4979263B2 (ja) | 1994-03-31 | 2006-05-10 | プラスチックワークピース及びその製造方法 |
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| EP (1) | EP0751865B2 (ja) |
| JP (3) | JPH09510930A (ja) |
| AT (1) | ATE166026T1 (ja) |
| DE (2) | DE19510493A1 (ja) |
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Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JP2011105005A (ja) | 2011-06-02 |
| JPH09510930A (ja) | 1997-11-04 |
| ES2119415T5 (es) | 2005-03-16 |
| DE59502175D1 (de) | 1998-06-18 |
| JP4979263B2 (ja) | 2012-07-18 |
| EP0751865B2 (de) | 2004-07-14 |
| US5893959A (en) | 1999-04-13 |
| EP0751865A1 (de) | 1997-01-08 |
| ATE166026T1 (de) | 1998-05-15 |
| WO1995026869A1 (de) | 1995-10-12 |
| JP2006297939A (ja) | 2006-11-02 |
| EP0751865B1 (de) | 1998-05-13 |
| DE19510493A1 (de) | 1995-10-05 |
| ES2119415T3 (es) | 1998-10-01 |
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