JP5484246B2 - Calculation method of parental room ratio in the room in the building - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to a method for calculating a parent room rate in a room in a building without being influenced by the floor area of the room.

  When designing a building that does not comply with the Building Standards Act specifications, such as building smoke evacuation equipment and fire shutters, check the safety through evacuation safety verification and check the “performance evaluation document” of the evaluation organization and the “Minister of the MLIT” Acquire a certificate. The evacuation safety verification at this time consists of room evacuation, floor evacuation, and whole building evacuation as described below.

Residential evacuation: Until people in the room evacuate to the corridor, they should not be affected by the smoke drop.
Floor evacuation: Until everyone on the floor evacuates into the staircase, it should not be affected by smoke drops.
Whole building evacuation: The evacuation route until the residents evacuate to the ground should not be affected by smoke.

Among these, as a safety evaluation method for room evacuation, it is confirmed that the evacuation time is below the limit smoke layer descent time as follows. This evacuation time is the evacuation start time until the occupant in the building notices the fire and starts evacuation when a fire occurs in the building, and the evacuation time from the start of evacuation until moving outside the room. The evacuation action time is composed of an in-room walking time when the occupant walks in the room and an exit passage time when passing through the exit.
Evacuation time = Evacuation start time + Evacuation action time = Evacuation start time + Living room walking time + Exit passage time ≤ Limit smoke layer descent time

As the evacuation start time, for example, the following calculation formula 5 is often used. In addition to this, a method of adding 180 seconds to the calculation formula of Formula 5, a method of calculating the point of time when smoke falls to a height of 10% below the ceiling, and a calculation method of Patent Document 1 are also proposed. .
(Formula 5)
t _start : Evacuation start time (s)
A: Living room floor area (m ² )

Further, the following calculation formula 6 is often used as the walking time.
(Formula 6)
t _travel : Walking time in the room (s)
L: Walking distance (m)
v: Walking speed (m / s) <general office 1.3m / s, general 1.0m / s>
In addition, as the exit passage time, the following formula 7 is often used.
(Formula 7)
t _queue : Exit passage time (s)
p: Population density (person / m ² )
A: Living room floor area (m ² )
N: Effective flow coefficient (person / m · s) <Generally 1.5>,
B _eff : Effective door width (m)

Therefore, the evacuation time is generally expressed by the following formula 8.
(Formula 8)

On the other hand, as the limit smoke layer descent time, the following formula 9 is often used. This formula is also called Tanaka's simple smoke drop method. The limit smoke layer fall time is the time during which smoke accumulates from the ceiling in the living room and the smoke falls from the floor to a certain limit smoke layer height (generally 1.8m). This is calculated as the time limit for evacuation.
(Formula 9)
t _s : smoke layer fall time (s)
ρ _s : Smoke layer density (kg / m ³ ) <Generally considered as an initial fire, 1.0 kg / m ³ is often set>
A _R: room floor area (m ²⁾
k: Coefficient related to the amount of fire plume (-) <Generally 0.08>
Q ₀ : Fire growth rate (kW / s ² ) <Depending on room usage. Generally, office room 0.102, meeting room 0.016, etc.>
Z: Smoke layer height (m)
H _R : Ceiling height (m)

JP 2010-33361 A

  By the way, when a design change of a living room occurs in a building where evacuation safety verification has been acquired by the Minister's certification, the performance evaluation and the Minister's certification must be repeated for each change. Since these applications take months, it is necessary to decide the layout plan of the tenant room several months before the pre-construction inspection, but in reality it is not decided so quickly. This is a problem in determining the layout plan.

  Therefore, after the child room plan in the living room was decided, the evacuation time and smoke fall time were calculated and compared. However, it is inefficient because it repeats plan decision → verification → decision → plan correction.

  For this reason, as shown in FIG. 1, there is an idea of setting in advance a child room rate indicating a floor area ratio of the child room with respect to the entire living room. This child room rate is a method of calculating in advance an upper limit ratio of child room floor area that a child room may be provided to a certain room with respect to the room floor area. As a result, the design efficiency can be improved because the child room floor area that can be designed can be grasped at the plan decision stage.

  In this way, many companies currently use the concept of child room rate, but this child room rate can only be calculated for a certain plan, and the floor area and shape of the room can be specified in advance. I have to leave.

  The present invention has been made in view of the above-described problems, and pays attention to a parent room ratio indicating a floor area ratio of a portion other than a child room with respect to the entire living room, and may depend on a living room floor area in a building. The purpose is to provide a method for calculating the ratio of non-parents.

In order to achieve the above object, the present invention is a method for calculating a parent room rate β of a room in a building when designing a building for evacuation safety, the step of calculating an evacuation time t _e (s), Smoke density ρ _s (kg / m ³ ), floor area A _R (m ² ) of the entire room, coefficient k related to the amount of fire plume, fire growth rate Q ₀ (kW / s ² ), ceiling height H _R ( m) to set the virtual evacuation time t _Se (s) according to the following formula 1;
(Formula 1)

Calculating the virtual smoke layer height Z _e (m) in Equation 1 so that the virtual evacuation time t _Se (s) is equal to or greater than the evacuation time t _e (s); _{s (m),} the virtual smoke layer height Z _{e (m),} using the ceiling height H _{R (m),} the steps of calculating the parent rates in buildings in the room β by equation 2 below,
(Formula 2)
It is characterized by providing. . According to this, since the floor area of the whole room, the parent room, and the child room is not required when calculating the parent room ratio β, the parent room ratio is calculated without being influenced by the floor area of the room in the building. can do. In addition, when smoke is accumulated from the ceiling in the living room and smoke falls from the floor surface to a certain smoke layer height, the smoke layer height at that time is defined as the evacuable time (referred to as the limit smoke layer fall time). It is called the limit smoke layer height.

The evacuation time t _e (s) is the evacuation start time t _st (s) until the occupant in the room notices a fire and starts evacuation, and after the occupant starts evacuation. The evacuation action time t _ac (s) until moving outside the room is added up, and the evacuation start time t _st (s) is the smoke layer density ρ _s (kg / m ³ ), the floor of the entire room Using the area A _R (m ² ), the coefficient k related to the amount of fire plume, the fire growth rate Q ₀ (kW / s ² ), the ceiling height H _R (m), and the coefficient φ of 0.95 or less, It may be calculated. This is convenient because the safe evacuation start time t _st (s) can be calculated regardless of the layout of the parent room and the child room in the room of the building.
(Formula 3)

Further, the evacuation action time t _ac (s) may be calculated by the following equation 4 using the coefficient α and the room floor area A _R (m ² ). This is convenient because the evacuation action time t _ac (s) can be obtained by a simple expression.
(Formula 4)

  Further, the parental room rate calculation system according to the present invention is a system for calculating the parental room rate β of a room in the building at the time of evacuation safety design of the building, the input means for inputting various numerical values, the input Calculation means for calculating the parent room ratio β of the room in the building based on the calculation method according to any one of claims 1 to 3 using each numerical value input by the means, and calculated by the calculation means Output means for outputting the parent room ratio β of the room in the building.

  A computer-readable program according to the present invention causes a computer to function as the parental room rate β calculation system according to claim 4.

  According to the present invention, according to this, since the floor area of the whole room, the parent room, and the child room is not required when calculating the parent room rate β, it is not affected by the floor area of the room in the building. The parental room rate can be calculated. For this reason, for example, even when a design change of a living room occurs in a building where evacuation safety verification has been obtained by the Minister's certification, it is not necessary to repeat the performance evaluation and the Minister's certification for each change. Therefore, the degree of freedom to change the layout according to the customer's request is increased, and the design work efficiency can be improved.

It is the (a) top view and (b) sectional view of the living room concerning this embodiment. It is the (a) whole figure which shows the relationship between the room floor area and time of evacuation start time, evacuation action time, evacuation time, virtual evacuation time, and limit smoke layer descent time, (b) An enlarged view of the area around 200 m ² . It is a figure which shows the relationship between the room floor area and time in evacuation action time. It is a block schematic diagram of a parental room rate calculation system. It is a figure which shows an example of the various numerical values used for this method and system.

  Next, an embodiment of the present invention will be described.

According to the present invention, as shown in FIG. 2, the floor area and time curve of the evacuation time obtained by adding the evacuation start time and the evacuation action time are similar to the floor area and time curve related to the limit smoke layer descent time. Paying attention, virtual evacuation time that is safer than evacuation time is set, and based on these virtual evacuation time and limit smoke layer descent time, the parent room rate consisting only of height conditions is derived. Hereinafter, the derivation of the parent room rate will be specifically described.
<Calculation of evacuation start time>

In this embodiment, the evacuation start time t _st (s) is the smoke layer density ρ _s (kg / m ³ ), the floor area A _R (m ² ) of the entire living room, the coefficient k related to the amount of fire plume, and the fire growth rate Using Q ₀ (kW / s ² ), the ceiling height H _R (m), and the coefficient φ, the calculation is performed according to the following formula 10. The coefficient φ is preferably 0.95 or less, more preferably 0.90 or less (and 0.80 or more).
(Formula 10)

In addition, although the evacuation start time t _st is calculated by the formula 10, the evacuation start time may be calculated by a conventional method or the like. However, according to Equation 10, a safe evacuation start time can be calculated regardless of the layout of the parent room and the child room in the room of the building, which is convenient.
<Calculation of evacuation action time>

The evacuation action time t _ac is composed of a room walk time t _travel when the occupant walks in the room and an exit passage time t _queue when passing through the exit. Since the walking time t _{travel in the} living room is calculated by the above formula 6, and the exit passage time t _queue is calculated by the above formula 7, the evacuation action time t _ac is expressed by the following formula 11.
(Formula 11)

In general, it can be considered that the evacuation action time t _{ac in} Equation 11 is easily affected by the floor area of the room and approximates to Equation 4 below.
(Formula 4)

Therefore, when α is calculated so that the evacuation action time t _ac according to Equation 4 is equal to or greater than the value of Equation 11,
(Formula 12)
It becomes.

On the other hand, the range of the room floor area in which the evacuation action time t _ac can cover the value of Expression 12 is obtained.
(Formula 13)

here,
(Formula 14)
After all,
(Formula 15)
It becomes.

Solving for x,
(Formula 16)
The minimum and maximum floor area of the room is
(Formula 17)
It becomes.

That is, the range of room floor area of interest, as shown in FIG. 3, it is between the minimum and maximum values of A _R. Minimum bounding floor area A _th next this time room floor area A _R, used in Equation 21 below.
<Calculation of evacuation time and virtual smoke layer height>

Evacuation start time and t _st by Equation 10, the evacuation time t _e by the following equation 18 when summing the evacuation time t _ac by Equation 4 is calculated.
(Formula 18)
(A)

On the other hand, the virtual evacuation time t _Se is set by the following formula 1. This is because, as shown in FIG. 2, floor space and time curve of the evacuation start time t _st and evacuation time the sum of t _ac evacuation time t _e is, floor space and time according to the limits of smoke layer fall time t _Ss This is a hypothetical formula that uses Tanaka's simple smoke drop formula of Formula 9 as the base of the limit smoke layer fall time t _Ss for the evacuation time.
(Formula 1)
(B)
t _Se : Virtual evacuation time (s)
ρ _s : Smoke layer density (kg / m ³ ) <Generally considered as an initial fire, 1.0 kg / m ³ is often set>
A _R: the entire room floor area (m ²⁾
k: Coefficient related to the amount of fire plume (-) <generally 0.08>]
Q ₀ : Fire growth rate (kW / s ² ) <Depending on room usage. Generally, office room 0.102, meeting room 0.016, etc.>
Z _e : virtual smoke layer height (m)
H _R : Ceiling height (m)

The virtual evacuation time _{t Se} evacuation time t _e is, _t e _{= t Se} next time floor area _{A R} of the whole room is _{A th,} the evacuation time t _e and the virtual evacuation time as following equation 19 _{t Se} When the virtual smoke layer height Z _e is determined such that the values of the evacuation time t _e and the virtual evacuation time t _Se are reversed with A _th as a boundary.
(Formula 19)

Since the always (a) Evacuation time ≦ (b) virtual evacuation time is room floor area A _th larger range as a boundary, adding the design conditions of the subject surface area of the present invention the boundary floor area A _th or In the range of A _R ≧ A _th , the following Expression 20 is obtained.
(Formula 20)

If this is developed around Ze,
(Formula 21)
Next, be given a boundary floor area A _th in the equation 21, the minimum value of the virtual smoke layer height Z _e is calculated.
(Formula 22)
<Calculation of parental room rate>

The virtual evacuation time t _Se is the following formula 1 as described above.
(Formula 1)

Further, the limit smoke layer lowering time t _Ss is expressed by the following Expression 23. This limit smoke layer descent time t _Ss is the limit smoke layer height of the parent room (the limit height from the floor to the bottom of the smoke) when a fire occurs when a certain room is partitioned by a child room. ) Until the smoke is accumulated.
(Formula 23)
t _Se : Virtual evacuation time (s)
t _Ss : Limit smoke layer descent time (s)
ρ _s : Smoke density (kg / m ³ ) <1.0 kg / m ³ is often considered as an initial fire>
A _R: the entire room floor area (m ²⁾
_ARs : Floor area of parent room (m ² )
k: Coefficient related to the amount of fire plume (-) <generally 0.08>]
Q ₀ : Fire growth rate (kW / s ² ) <Depending on room usage. Office room 0.102, conference room 0.016, etc.>
Z _e : virtual smoke layer height (m)
Z _s : Limit smoke layer height (m)
H _R : Ceiling height (m)

If these virtual evacuation times t _Se = limit smoke layer descent time t _Ss ,
(Formula 24)
It becomes. As shown in FIG. 2, if the limit smoke layer descent time t _Ss that is the same time as the virtual evacuation time t _Se of a floor area (for example, 1,000 m ² ) of an entire living room is seen, It is possible to confirm the lower limit value of the floor area of the parent room (for example, 500 m ² ).

Then, by transforming the equation 24, the floor area A _Rs parent chamber, when determining the ratio between the floor area A _R of the entire room, so that the following equation 25.
(Formula 25)

That is, this area ratio is the ratio of the parent room floor area to the entire floor area of the living room, that is, the parent room ratio β, and is expressed by the following formula.
(Formula 26)

Therefore limit smoke layer height Zs, by substituting each virtual smoke layer height Ze, the ceiling height H _R in formula 26, it is possible to calculate the parent rates in room beta.

In addition, what is necessary is just to set it as (beta) '= 1-beta, when calculating | requiring the ratio of the child room floor area with respect to the whole living room area, ie, child room rate (beta)'.
<Calculation system>

  Next, a calculation system (hereinafter referred to as this system) in which the calculation method of the evacuation start time is applied to a computer will be described.

  As shown in FIG. 4, the system includes a control unit 100 that controls each unit in an integrated manner, an input unit 110 that inputs various data, a calculation unit 120 that calculates a parental room rate β, and various data and calculation. A storage unit 130 for storing results and an output unit 140 for outputting various data and calculation results are provided.

  As shown in FIG. 5, for example, the input unit 110 receives various data such as data related to plan design conditions, data related to the floor, and data set in advance for calculation. It becomes a keyboard and a mouse.

  The calculation unit 120 is configured mainly by a CPU (Central Processing Unit) together with the control unit 100, and calculates a parental room ratio β according to Equation 26 and the like. The program for calculating the parental room ratio β may be downloaded from a recording medium or downloaded from a network such as the Internet.

  The storage unit 130 includes a cache memory, a hard disk, and the like, and stores various data input by the input unit 110, a parental room rate β calculated by the calculation unit 120, and the like.

  The output unit 140 includes a monitor in the case of a PC, for example, and outputs a parental room rate β or the like as a calculation result stored in the storage unit 130.

  Thus, when various data are input to the input unit 110, the calculation unit 120 calculates the parental room ratio β and the like in a predetermined step and outputs it to the output unit 140. At this time, various data, a parental room rate β and the like as calculation results are stored in the storage unit 130 as needed.

The steps by the calculation unit 120 are as follows.
(1) Calculate the evacuation start time t _st (s) using Equation 10.
(2) Calculate evacuation action time t _ac (s) using Equation 4
(3) The evacuation time t _e (s) is calculated by adding the evacuation start time t _st (s) and the evacuation action time t _ac (s).
(4) Smoke density ρ _s (kg / m ³ ), floor area A _R (m ² ) of the entire room, coefficient k related to the amount of fire plume, fire growth rate Q ₀ (kW / s ² ), ceiling height Using H _R (m), set the virtual evacuation time t _Se (s) according to Equation 1.
(5) Calculate the virtual smoke layer height Z _e (m) so that the virtual evacuation time t _Se (s) is equal to or longer than the evacuation time t _e (s).
(6) Using the limit smoke layer height Z _s (m), virtual smoke layer height Z _e (m), and ceiling height H _R (m), calculate the parental room ratio β of the room in the building using Equation 2. Do

  In the present embodiment, the case where the coefficient φ is mainly 0.90 has been described as an example, but other numerical values may be used as long as the numerical value is 0.95 or less.

  Further, although the evacuation start time is calculated according to Formula 10 and the evacuation action time is calculated according to Formula 4, other calculation formulas may be used.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 100 ... Control part 110 ... Input part 120 ... Calculation part 130 ... Memory | storage part 140 ... Output part

Claims (5)

A method for calculating a parent room ratio β of a room in the building when designing a building for evacuation safety,
Calculating the evacuation time t _e (s);
Smoke density ρ _s (kg / m ³ ), floor area A _R (m ² ) of the entire room, coefficient k related to the amount of fire plume, fire growth rate Q ₀ (kW / s ² ), ceiling height H _R ( m) to set the virtual evacuation time t _Se (s) according to the following formula 1;
(Formula 1)
Calculating the virtual smoke layer height Z _e (m) in Equation 1 so that the virtual evacuation time t _Se (s) is equal to or greater than the evacuation time t _e (s);
Using the limit smoke layer height Z _s (m), the virtual smoke layer height Z _e (m), and the ceiling height H _R (m), the parent room ratio β of the room in the building is calculated by the following formula 2. Steps,
(Formula 2)
A method for calculating a parental room rate characterized by comprising: The evacuation time t _e (s) is the evacuation start time t _st (s) until the occupant in the room notices a fire and starts evacuation, and the evacuation time t _e (s) It is the sum of the evacuation action time t _ac (s) until moving,
The evacuation start time t _st (s) is the smoke layer density ρ _s (kg / m ³ ), the floor area A _R (m ² ) of the entire room, the coefficient k related to the amount of fire plume, and the fire growth rate Q ₀ (kW) The calculation method of the parental room rate according to claim 1, wherein the calculation is performed by the following formula 3 using / s ² ), the ceiling height H _R (m), and a coefficient φ of 0.95 or less.
(Formula 3)
The parent room rate calculation method according to claim 2, wherein the evacuation action time t _ac (s) is calculated by the following formula 4 using a coefficient α and a room floor area A _R (m ² ).
(Formula 4)
A system for calculating a parental room ratio β of a room in a building when designing a building evacuation safety,
An input means for inputting various numerical values;
Calculation means for calculating the parent room ratio β of the room in the building based on the calculation method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, using each numerical value input by the input means,
A parent room ratio calculation system comprising: output means for outputting a parent room ratio β of a room in a building calculated by the calculation means.   A computer-readable program that causes a computer to function as the parental room rate β calculation system according to claim 4.