JP6950309B2 - Evacuation safety performance evaluation method, evacuation safety performance evaluation system, and program - Google Patents

Description

The present invention relates to an evacuation safety performance evaluation method, an evacuation safety performance evaluation system, and a program.

Generally, when designing a building, the designer examines the evacuation safety performance of the building (whether or not the occupants in the building can safely evacuate). For this study, for example, an evacuation safety verification method is used (see, for example, Patent Document 1). As one of the evacuation safety verification methods, assuming a fire from a room on a certain floor, the evacuation completion time (t _escape ) and the permissible evacuation time (t _crit ) are compared and "t _escape ≤ t _crit " is confirmed. Is required to do.

Here, the evacuation completion time t _escape is the time from the time of the fire to the time when all the occupants on the floor complete the evacuation through the temporary evacuation site, mainly the number of occupants and the walking distance. , Varies according to the number of doorways (doors, etc.). Allowable evacuation time t _crit is the time from the time of a fire to the time when the temporary evacuation site is in a state of bearing for evacuation, and is mainly used for the fire resistance performance of the partition members (partition walls, doors, etc.) of the fire room. It fluctuates according to.

JP-A-2007-334683

If the evacuation completion time t _escape is less than the permissible evacuation time t _crit , it is judged to be safe, but if not, the design is reviewed from the beginning and _{examined until the above conditions (t escape} ≤ t _crit ) are satisfied. Will be repeated. Here, by changing the design, the _{values of both the evacuation completion time t escape} and the permissible evacuation time t _crit may fluctuate, which may lead to many rework and deterioration of design efficiency. ..

The present invention has been made in view of such a problem, and a main object thereof is to improve the efficiency of design.

In order to achieve such an object, the evacuation safety performance evaluation method of the present invention is used.
A method for evaluating evacuation safety performance of a building having a living room, an evacuation facility, and a temporary evacuation site between the living room and the evacuation facility.
This is an evacuation safety performance evaluation method using a computer equipped with a setting unit that sets conditions based on data input and an arithmetic processing unit that performs various arithmetic processing of data.
The target time setting step set by the setting unit and the target time from the time of the fire to the completion of evacuation,
The fire occurrence point setting step in which the setting unit sets the fire occurrence point where the fire occurs, and
The evacuation unit calculates the evacuation completion time, which is the time from the time of the fire to the time when all the occupants of the room complete the evacuation in the evacuation facility through the temporary evacuation site. Completion time calculation step and
A first comparison step in which the arithmetic processing unit compares the target time and the evacuation completion time.
The calculation processing unit calculates the allowable evacuation time, which is the time from the time of the fire to the time when the temporary evacuation site becomes an obstacle to evacuation, based on the fire resistance performance of the partition member at the fire occurrence point. Allowable evacuation time calculation step and
A second comparison step in which the arithmetic processing unit compares the target time and the permissible evacuation time.
Have,
If the permissible evacuation time is less than the target time in the second comparison step, the equipment conditions that do not affect the calculation of the evacuation completion time are changed, and the arithmetic processing unit reviews the permissible evacuation time.
It is characterized by that.
According to such an evacuation safety performance evaluation method, rework can be reduced and design efficiency can be improved.

In such an evacuation safety performance evaluation method, when the evacuation completion time exceeds the target time in the first comparison step, it is desirable to review the target time.
According to such an evacuation safety performance evaluation method, no trouble is required.

In such an evacuation safety performance evaluation method, if the evacuation completion time exceeds the target time even if the target time is reviewed a predetermined number of times, the equipment conditions that do not affect the building plan of the building can be changed. desirable.
According to such an evacuation safety performance evaluation method, the conditions can be easily changed.

In such an evacuation safety performance evaluation method, if the evacuation completion time exceeds the target time even if the target time is reviewed a predetermined number of times, the building plan of the building may be reviewed.
According to such an evacuation safety performance evaluation method, the construction plan can be reviewed before the allowable evacuation time is evaluated.

Further, in order to achieve such an object, the evacuation safety performance evaluation system of the present invention provides evacuation safety performance of a building having a living room, an evacuation facility, and a temporary evacuation site between the living room and the evacuation facility. This is an evacuation safety performance evaluation system that evaluates all of the evacuation safety performance evaluation system, from the time of the fire to the target time from the completion of evacuation, the setting unit that sets the point where the fire occurs, and the time of the fire. The evacuation completion time, which is the time until the person in the room completes evacuation through the temporary evacuation site and into the evacuation facility, and the fire resistance of the partition member at the fire occurrence point from the time of the fire. Based on the performance, the permissible evacuation time, which is the time until the temporary evacuation site becomes a state that hinders evacuation, is calculated, the target time is compared with the evacuation completion time, and the target time and the permissible are allowed. A calculation processing unit for comparing with the evacuation time is provided, and when the allowable evacuation time is less than the target time, the calculation processing unit changes the equipment conditions that do not affect the calculation of the evacuation completion time. Then, the permissible evacuation time is reviewed.

Further, in order to achieve such an object, the program of the present invention is characterized in that the computer executes the evacuation safety performance evaluation method described in any of the above.

According to the present invention, the efficiency of design can be improved.

It is a floor plan (plan view) of the target floor of a building to which the evacuation safety performance evaluation method of this embodiment is applied. It is a flow chart which shows the evaluation method of the evacuation safety performance at the time of a fire in this embodiment. It is a flow chart which shows the evaluation method of the evacuation safety performance at the time of a fire in the comparative example. This is a first modification of the structure of the target floor of a building. This is a second modification of the structure of the target floor of a building. This is a third modification of the structure of the target floor of a building.

=== Embodiment ===
<< About the composition of the building >>
FIG. 1 is a floor plan (plan view) of the target floor of a building to which the evacuation safety performance evaluation method of the present embodiment is applied. As shown in the figure, the building of the present embodiment includes two adjacent living rooms 10 and 12, a corridor 20, and an evacuation facility 30. The space surrounded by the ceiling, floor and walls is called a "room", and the living room is a room that is continuously used for the purpose of living, working, working, gathering, entertainment, etc. Is. A room other than the living room is called a non-living room, and the corridor 20 also corresponds to a non-living room.

The living room 10 and the living room 12 are adjacent to each other in the longitudinal direction of the building. Further, the living room 10 and the living room 12 are adjacent to the corridor 20, respectively. Each of these chambers is partitioned by a partition wall made of non-combustible material. Further, entrances and exits (for example, doors) are provided in the partition walls between the living room 10 and the corridor 20 and between the living room 12 and the corridor 20. In the present embodiment, a fire will occur in the living room 10. In the following description, a room in which a fire occurs (living room 10 in this embodiment) is also referred to as a fire room.

As shown in FIG. 1, the corridor 20 is provided between two living rooms (living rooms 10 and 12) and an evacuation facility 30, and crosses a building (target floor) in the longitudinal direction. The corridor 20 is a temporary evacuation site in the evacuation route from the living room 10 and the living room 12 to the evacuation facility 30.

The evacuation facility 30 is a fire-prevention section on the target floor shown in FIG. The evacuation facility 30 of the present embodiment has an evacuation staircase 32. Further, an entrance / exit is provided between the evacuation facility 30 and the corridor 20.

In the above configuration, it is assumed that a fire breaks out in the living room 10, and a case where a resident evacuates from the living room 10 and the living room 12 will be examined.

<< About evacuation safety performance evaluation method >>
<Comparison example>
Before explaining the present embodiment, first, an evaluation method of a comparative example will be described.

The following calculations and processes can be easily executed using a general data processing device. The data processing device has a normal configuration including an arithmetic processing device (CPU), a data storage device such as a hard disk device, an output device such as a monitor, a data input device such as a keyboard, and a data reading device such as an optical disk drive device. A computer (eg, a personal computer) can be used. Further, the program that executes the following evaluation method may be stored in a data storage device in advance, or the program stored in a data storage medium such as an optical disk may be read by a reading device. .. Alternatively, it may be downloaded from a communication line such as the Internet. This also applies to the present embodiment described later. Further, the main body of the following operations is mainly a data processing device (computer). This data processing device includes a setting unit that sets conditions and the like based on data input, and an arithmetic processing unit that performs various arithmetic processing of data.

FIG. 3 is a flow chart showing a method for evaluating evacuation safety performance in the event of a fire in a comparative example.

First, based on the building plan, the layout of each room on the target floor, evacuation equipment, etc. is designed as shown in FIG. 1 (S200). In addition, a room (fire room) where a fire occurs is set on the designed target floor (S201). Here, the living room 10 is a fire room.

Next, when a fire breaks out in the living room 10, from the time of the fire, the occupants of all the living rooms (in this case, the living room 10 and the living room 12) pass through the corridor 20 and the evacuation facility 30 (evacuation stairs 32). ) Is the time until the evacuation is completed, and the evacuation completion time t _escape is calculated (S202). This calculation is based on the number of people living in the room, walking time, number of entrances (doors), and so on. Specifically, the evacuation completion time t _escape is "time required from the occurrence of a fire to detection", "time to reach the entrance / exit of the living room", "time to eliminate the retention at the entrance / exit of the living room", and "temporary evacuation from the entrance / exit of the living room". It is calculated by the sum of "arrival time to the entrance and exit of the place" and "residence time at the entrance and exit of the temporary evacuation site". The factors of "fire awareness" include "awareness caused by smoke coming overhead", "alarm by operating smoke detector", and "information transmission by human".

_{Further, the permissible evacuation time t crit} is calculated based on the fire resistance performance (including smoke exhaust performance) of the partition members (partition walls and entrances / exits) that partition the fire room (living room 10) (S203). The permissible evacuation time t _crit is the time from the time of the fire to the time when the temporary evacuation site is in a state of bearing support for evacuation. The evacuation bearing state is, for example, a state in which the evacuees have difficulty breathing due to smoke and cannot evacuate. The higher the fire resistance, the longer the permissible evacuation time.

Then, the evacuation completion time t _escape and the permissible evacuation time t _crit are compared, and it is determined whether the evacuation completion time t _escape is equal to or less than the permissible evacuation time t _{crit (S204).}

If the evacuation completion time t _escape is equal to or less than the permissible evacuation time t _crit (YES in S204), it is determined that the evacuation is safe, and the evacuation safety evaluation is completed. On the other hand, if the evacuation completion time t _escape is larger than the permissible evacuation time t _crit (NO in S204), it is determined that it is not safe, the process returns to step S200, and the construction plan is reviewed again.

However, when the construction plan is reviewed, the evacuation completion time t _escape and the permissible evacuation time t _crit may both fluctuate due to changes in the design conditions. For this reason, in the comparative example, there is a possibility that it takes time to finalize the design because there are many rework to the building plan. That is, the efficiency of the design may deteriorate. Therefore, in this embodiment, the rework to the building plan is reduced and the design efficiency is improved.

<The present embodiment>
FIG. 2 is a flow chart showing a method for evaluating evacuation safety performance in the event of a fire in the present embodiment.

First, as in step S200 of the comparative example, the layout of each room on the target floor, the evacuation facility, and the like is designed based on the building plan (S100).

_{In addition, the target time t tar} from the time of the fire to the completion of evacuation is set (S101: corresponding to the target time setting step). The target time t _tar is set in advance by the designer, for example, at an appropriate time (for example, 10 minutes) based on experience.

Next, the fire chamber (corresponding to the fire occurrence point) is set (S102: corresponding to the fire occurrence point setting step) in the same manner as in step S201 of the comparative example. Here, the living room 10 is a fire room.

Further, as in step S202 of the comparative example, when a fire breaks out in the living room 10, the occupants of all the living rooms (living room 10 and the living room 12) pass through the corridor 20 and evacuate equipment from the time of the fire. _{Calculate the evacuation completion time t escape} , which is the time until the evacuation is completed in 30 (evacuation stairs 32) (S103: corresponding to the evacuation completion time calculation step). Since the details of the evacuation completion time t _escape are the same as those in the comparative example, the description thereof will be omitted.

Then, the evacuation completion time t _escape and the target time t _tar are compared, and it is determined whether or not the evacuation completion time t _escape is equal to or less than the target time t _tar (S104: corresponding to the first comparison step).

If the evacuation completion time t _escape is larger than the target time t _tar (NO in S104), _{it is determined whether or not the change of the target time t tar} is the nth time (for example, the fifth time) (S105). At first, since the target time t _tar has not been changed, NO is set in step S105, the target time t _tar is changed (S106), and the process returns to step S102. As a method of changing the target time t _tar, the value may be set so as to increase by a predetermined time (for example, 30 seconds). In this way, _{changing the target time t tar} does not require much effort. When the change of the target time t _tar is repeated n times (for example, 5 times), YES is set in step S105, and it is determined whether or not a large-scale change is necessary (S107). If it is determined that a large-scale change is not necessary (NO in S107), a minor change is made (S108), and the process returns to step S101. Here, a minor change is a change that does not affect the building plan, such as changing the arrangement of entrances and exits, and the conditions can be easily changed.

If it is determined in step S107 that a large-scale change is necessary (YES in S107), the process returns to step S100 and the construction plan is reviewed. For example, a change (large-scale change) is made to increase the number of evacuation stairs 32. As described above, in the present embodiment, the construction plan can be reviewed before _{the allowable evacuation time t crit is evaluated.}

In step S104, if the evacuation completion time t _escape is equal to or less than the target time t _tar (YES in S104), a fire is generated based on the fire resistance performance of the partition wall and the doorway that divide the living room 10 as in step S204 of the comparative example. _{The permissible evacuation time t crit} , which is the time from the occurrence of the above to the time when the corridor 20 is in a state of hindering evacuation, is calculated (S109: corresponding to the permissible evacuation time calculation step).

Then, it is determined whether or not the permissible evacuation time t _crit is equal to _{or longer than the target time t tar} (S110: corresponding to the second comparison step). If the permissible evacuation time t _crit is equal to or longer than the target time t _tar (YES in S110), it is determined that the evacuation time is safe, and the evacuation safety evaluation is completed. On the other hand, if the permissible evacuation time t _crit is smaller than the target time t _tar (NO in S110), the _{equipment conditions that do not affect the calculation of the evacuation completion time t escape} (for example, the fire resistance performance of the partition wall and the entrance / exit) are changed. (S111), step S109 for calculating the _{permissible evacuation time t crit is executed again.}

As described above, in the present embodiment, first, a predetermined target time t _tar is set in advance, and the evacuation completion time t _escape is set to be equal to or less than the target time t _tar. After that, the permissible evacuation time t _crit and the target time t _tar are compared, and if the permissible evacuation time t _crit is smaller than the target time t _{tar, the} equipment conditions that do not affect the calculation of the evacuation completion time t _{escape (} Fire resistance performance, etc.) has been changed. As a result, the evacuation completion time t _escape and the permissible evacuation time t _crit can be examined independently, and rework can be reduced. Therefore, the efficiency of the design can be improved.

=== About other embodiments ===
The above embodiment is for facilitating the understanding of the present invention, and is not for limiting the interpretation of the present invention. It goes without saying that the present invention can be modified and improved without departing from the spirit thereof, and the present invention includes an equivalent thereof. In particular, even the embodiments described below are included in the present invention.

<About floor composition>
The composition of the target floor of the building is not limited to the above-described embodiment, and in addition to the evacuation facility, three or more rooms (including a temporary evacuation site) are provided, and a temporary evacuation site is provided between the living room and the evacuation facility. All you need is.

For example, if the living room (non-fire room) is configured to always enter the evacuation facility through the temporary evacuation site, the room may be sandwiched between the room and the temporary evacuation site.
FIG. 4 is a first modification of the structure of the target floor of the building. In this modification, a living room 12a and a non-living room 12b are provided as a room (non-fire room) that is not a fire room. The living room 12a and the non-living room 12b, and the non-living room 12b and the corridor 20 are each partitioned by a partition wall, and each partition wall is provided with an entrance / exit. In the case of this modification, the occupant of the living room 12a enters the evacuation facility 30 (evacuation stairs 32) through the non-living room 12b and the corridor 20. In this way, the non-living room 12b may be sandwiched between the living room 12a and the corridor 20.

Further, in the above-described embodiment, the fire room is the living room 10, but the fire room does not have to be the living room.
FIG. 5 is a second modification of the structure of the target floor of the building. In this modified example, a non-living room 10'and a living room 12 are provided, and the non-living room 10'is a fire room. In this way, the fire room may be a non-living room. In the case of this example, the occupants will evacuate only from the living room 12 other than the fire room. As described above, the non-living room is a room other than the living room (for example, a warehouse or a machine room).

Further, in the above-described embodiment, the temporary evacuation site (corridor 20) and the evacuation facility 30 are directly connected via the doorway, but other facilities may be provided between the temporary evacuation site and the evacuation facility.
FIG. 6 is a third modification of the structure of the target floor of the building. In this example, a balcony or an annex is provided between the corridor 20 and the evacuation facility 30. In this way, there may be other equipment (balconies, annexes, etc.) between the corridor 20 and the evacuation equipment 30.

<Temporary evacuation site>
In the above-described embodiment, the temporary evacuation site is the corridor 20, but the temporary evacuation site is not limited to the corridor. For example, it may be a lobby.

<About evacuation facilities>
Further, in the above-described embodiment, the evacuation stairs 32 are provided as the evacuation equipment 30, but the evacuation stairs 32 are not limited to this. For example, it may be an outdoor plaza or a terrace.

10 Living room (fire room)
10'Non-living room (fire room)
12 Living room 12a Living room 12b Non-living room 20 Corridor (temporary evacuation site)
30 Evacuation equipment 32 Evacuation stairs

Claims (6)

A method for evaluating evacuation safety performance of a building having a living room, an evacuation facility, and a temporary evacuation site between the living room and the evacuation facility.
This is an evacuation safety performance evaluation method using a computer equipped with a setting unit that sets conditions based on data input and an arithmetic processing unit that performs various arithmetic processing of data.
The target time setting step set by the setting unit and the target time from the time of the fire to the completion of evacuation,
The fire occurrence point setting step in which the setting unit sets the fire occurrence point where the fire occurs, and
The evacuation unit calculates the evacuation completion time, which is the time from the time of the fire to the time when all the occupants of the room complete the evacuation in the evacuation facility through the temporary evacuation site. Completion time calculation step and
A first comparison step in which the arithmetic processing unit compares the target time and the evacuation completion time.
The calculation processing unit calculates the allowable evacuation time, which is the time from the time of the fire to the time when the temporary evacuation site becomes an obstacle to evacuation, based on the fire resistance performance of the partition member at the fire occurrence point. Allowable evacuation time calculation step and
A second comparison step in which the arithmetic processing unit compares the target time and the permissible evacuation time.
Have,
If the permissible evacuation time is less than the target time in the second comparison step, the equipment conditions that do not affect the calculation of the evacuation completion time are changed, and the arithmetic processing unit reviews the permissible evacuation time.
An evacuation safety performance evaluation method characterized by this. The evacuation safety performance evaluation method according to claim 1.
If the evacuation completion time exceeds the target time in the first comparison step, the target time is reviewed.
An evacuation safety performance evaluation method characterized by this. The evacuation safety performance evaluation method according to claim 2.
If the evacuation completion time exceeds the target time even after the target time is reviewed a predetermined number of times, the equipment conditions that do not affect the building plan of the building are changed.
An evacuation safety performance evaluation method characterized by this. The evacuation safety performance evaluation method according to claim 2.
If the evacuation completion time exceeds the target time even after the target time is reviewed a predetermined number of times, the building plan of the building is reviewed.
An evacuation safety performance evaluation method characterized by this. An evacuation safety performance evaluation system that evaluates the evacuation safety performance of a building having a living room, an evacuation facility, and a temporary evacuation site between the living room and the evacuation facility.
A setting unit that sets the target time from the time of the fire to the completion of evacuation and the point where the fire occurs, and
The evacuation completion time, which is the time from the time of the fire to the time when all the occupants of the room complete the evacuation into the evacuation facility through the temporary evacuation site, and from the time of the fire. Based on the fire resistance performance of the section member at the fire occurrence point, the permissible evacuation time, which is the time until the temporary evacuation site becomes in a state where evacuation is hindered, is calculated, and the target time is compared with the evacuation completion time. , And an arithmetic processing unit that compares the target time with the permissible evacuation time.
With
When the permissible evacuation time is less than the target time, the arithmetic processing unit reviews the permissible evacuation time by changing the equipment conditions that do not affect the calculation of the evacuation completion time.
An evacuation safety performance evaluation system characterized by this. A program comprising causing a computer to execute the evacuation safety performance evaluation method according to any one of claims 1 to 4.

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