JP4595462B2 - Computer system for evaluating evacuation safety performance, program, and recording medium recording the program - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to an evacuation safety performance evaluation method, an evacuation safety performance evaluation program, a recording medium recording the program, a calculation process diagram, an evacuation safety, which are used in a building design stage or a plan change or usage change stage of an existing building. Related to performance evaluation calculation sheet or blueprints and buildings with confirmed evacuation safety performance.

  In general, when designing a building, the designer examines the evacuation safety performance of the building, that is, examines whether or not the building occupant can safely evacuate from the building. This study is done by calculating the smoke layer descent time, which is the time from when a fire breaks out in the building room until it becomes impossible to evacuate, and comparing this calculated value with the evacuation completion time, which is the time required for evacuation. . Then, it is determined that the room is safe only when the smoke layer descent time is longer than the evacuation completion time. Otherwise, the redesign of the room is repeated until the above condition is satisfied.

  At present, as a method for calculating the smoke layer descent time, for example, “evacuation safety verification method (Ministry of Construction, Decree No. 1441 or No. 1442)” and “Smoke flow property calculation model (BRI2002: Two programs, “Smoke flow prediction calculation program in two-layer zone building” are presented.

  In the former evacuation safety verification method, a simplified formula is shown in the abovementioned No. 1441 or 1442. The smoke layer descent time can be calculated simply by substituting the specific numerical values of the buildings under consideration into several input parameters constituting the simplified formula, so that the evacuation safety performance can be easily evaluated.

  However, this evacuation safety verification method is a method in which the evacuation completion time and the smoke layer descent time are independently obtained, and the magnitude is compared to judge the safety. That is, it is a parallel evaluation method. For this reason, it is an evaluation method that cannot consider the smoke layer density, which is important when calculating the smoke layer fall time.

In addition, the smoke layer descent time calculation formula in this evacuation safety verification method assumes a growing fire source in which the combustion range of combustibles increases over time, and the smoke layer density is fixed at 0.7 [kg / m ³ ]. Therefore, the smoke layer fall time is often calculated to be shorter than actual. In other words, only the smoke layer descent time deviated to a shorter time than the actual situation could be calculated, and the degree of freedom in designing the room was significantly limited. In particular, it could not be used for studying small rooms with a small floor area, where smoke is likely to descend in a short time.

  On the other hand, the latter smoke flow property calculation model (BRI2002) is a program that is widely used in current evacuation safety performance evaluation, and can be accurately predicted. However, this smoke flow property calculation model is composed of a plurality of differential equations and a large number of input parameters, and these differential equations must be solved, and the calculation is complicated and takes a long time to calculate. It was difficult. In addition, because it has a large number of input parameters, the calculation results change sensitively to the input values, so it is appropriate for the actual situation if you are not a profession who is familiar with this smoke flow property calculation model. A reasonable smoke layer fall time could not be calculated.

  In addition, Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 2000-334055 also describes a safety evaluation method for buildings. However, this does not evaluate the safety of evacuation from the fire room, but evaluates whether or not the space to escape is appropriate as an evacuation site. Therefore, it cannot be evaluated whether or not the evacuation area can be reached. Moreover, it is an evaluation method regarding an escalator that is not currently recognized as an evacuation passage, and the calculation method of the smoke layer lower end height, the smoke layer temperature, etc. is not specifically shown.

  Evacuation safety performance evaluation is performed while feedback of verification results to the design at the building design stage. Therefore, it is preferable that the designer performs the evacuation safety performance evaluation, not the expert. However, it is difficult for designers to perform evacuation safety performance evaluation using the smoke flow property calculation model (BRI2002). Under the present circumstances, an expert performs an evaluation, conveys the information to the designer, and feeds it back to the design. Yes. However, according to this method, it takes time to exchange information, and information may not be transmitted accurately.

  The present invention has been made in view of such problems, and provides an evacuation safety performance evaluation method capable of predicting the smoke layer lower end height at the time of completion of evacuation that is more realistic even if not an expert. For the purpose.

In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides:
A computer system for evaluating evacuation safety performance in the event of a building fire in a building design stage, or in a plan change or application change stage of an existing building,
Necessary data acquisition means for acquiring data necessary for evaluating evacuation safety performance from the design content or the changed content;
An evacuation start time calculating means for calculating an evacuation start time of an evacuation target person ;
Evacuation completion time calculating means for calculating the evacuation completion time of the evacuation subject using the evacuation start time ;
Using the evacuation completion time calculated by the evacuation completion time calculating means, a fire source heat generation speed calculating means for calculating the heat source heat generation speed at the time of evacuation completion ;
The evacuation completion time calculated by the evacuation completion time calculating means, the fire source heat generation speed at the time of evacuation completion calculated by the fire source heat generation speed calculating means , the height that hinders evacuation, the ceiling area of the evacuation target room, and , Smoke layer density calculating means for calculating the smoke layer density at the time of evacuation completion based on the thermal inertia of the ceiling component material ,
The evacuation completion time calculated by the evacuation completion time calculating means, the heat source heat generation speed at the time of evacuation completion calculated by the fire source heat generation speed calculating means, and the evacuation completion time calculated by the smoke layer density calculating means Using the smoke layer density, the smoke layer lower end height calculating means for calculating the smoke layer lower end height at the time of evacuation completion ,
Evacuation safety performance judging means for judging whether or not the smoke layer lower end height at the time of evacuation completion calculated by the smoke layer lower end height calculating means is equal to or higher than a height that hinders evacuation ;
It is provided with.

  That is, the present invention calculates the smoke layer lower end height based on the evacuation completion time, and compares the smoke layer lower end height and the smoke layer height allowable value for evacuation safety at the time of evacuation completion, thereby providing evacuation safety performance. An evaluation is performed. Therefore, it should be called a serial evaluation method. Here, the smoke layer density, which has been indispensable when using the simple expression related to the height of the smoke layer lower end, is calculated, and more accurate evacuation safety performance evaluation can be performed.

  On the other hand, the evacuation safety performance evaluation in the Ministry of Construction's 2000 Decree No. 1441 (hereinafter referred to as Declaration No. 1441) extracts input data from drawings as shown in FIG. In this method, the evacuation completion time and the smoke layer descent time are calculated independently (step S2 and step S3) and compared (step S4). Such a conventional method should be called a parallel evaluation method as described above, and has the problems already described.

Moreover, since it is based on the simple prediction formula which does not require special expertise as shown by description of the following embodiment, evacuation safety performance evaluation is attained even if it is not an expert. In addition, these simple prediction formulas can be programmed in advance in spreadsheet software such as EXCEL, so you can easily enter them on the computer screen and check the evaluation results instantly. The time required for performance evaluation is greatly reduced.
Also, the smoke layer lower end height greatly depends on the smoke layer density, and when the smoke layer density is low (= high smoke layer temperature), the smoke (gas) expands, so the smoke layer density is high (= smoke layer temperature). The smoke layer descends faster than in the case of low). Therefore, in order to accurately predict the smoke layer lower end height, it is essential to predict the smoke layer density. In the evacuation safety performance evaluation of the present invention, the smoke layer lower end height is calculated based on the evacuation completion time, the heat source heating rate at the time of evacuation completion, the area of the ceiling material, the thermal inertia of the ceiling material, etc. It is possible to predict a high smoke layer density.

  In one embodiment, the evacuation start time of the evacuation subject is calculated based on the time when the smoke layer lower end height reaches the height at which the evacuation subject notices the presence of smoke formed under the ceiling. The

  As a comparison, considering the conventional evaluation method, No. 1441, for example, the calculation formula for the evacuation start time of non-fire room residents is uniformly 3 regardless of the presence of smoke or emergency broadcast. Requests to add minutes. For this reason, it was difficult to predict the evacuation completion time according to the actual situation.

  In addition, people in non-fire rooms are thought to be aware of fires through emergency broadcasts, etc., but they do not always move immediately to evacuation behavior, but move to evacuation behavior only when smoke can be visually confirmed. It is considered a thing. Therefore, by using the evacuation start time calculation method based on the smoke layer lower end height, it is possible to predict the evacuation completion time that is more realistic.

によって算出される。なお、火災室の在館者の避難開始時間を算出する場合は、前記式において、A_c＝0、A_r＝0として、H_lim1を火災室在館者が天井下に形成される煙の存在に気付く煙層下端高さとすればよい。 In this case, as an example, the time when the bottom of the smoke layer reaches the height at which the evacuation target notices the presence of smoke formed under the ceiling is considered the evacuation start time of the non-fire room residents,

Is calculated by When calculating the evacuation start time for the people in the fire room, it is assumed that A _c = 0 and A _r = 0 in the above formula, and H _lim1 is the smoke _generated by the person in the fire room under the ceiling. What is necessary is just to be the smoke layer lower end height which notices existence.

  Further, in general, the evacuation completion time of the evacuated subject is the evacuation start time of the evacuated subject, the time required for the evacuated subject to reach the exit leading to the evacuation site, and the exit where the evacuated subject communicates with the evacuation location. Calculated based on the time required to pass.

  In addition, by calculating the heat source heat generation rate at the time of evacuation completion based on the evacuation completion time, fire growth rate, and the time required for the combustion to spread to the entire surface of the combustible material, It is possible to predict the near heat source heat generation rate.

によって算出される。 In this case, as an example, the heat source heat generation rate at the time of completion of the evacuation is

Is calculated by

  Also, by using the simple prediction formula, the smoke layer density can be calculated with the same ease as the simple prediction formula for the smoke layer lower end height, so that the merit of the simple prediction formula can be fully exhibited.

によって算出される。なお、火災室の避難完了時点の煙層密度を算定する場合は、前記式において、At=0，Ar=0とすればよい。 In this case, as an example, the smoke layer density at the time of completion of the evacuation is

Is calculated by In addition, when calculating the smoke layer density at the time of evacuation completion of the fire room, it is sufficient to set At = 0 and Ar = 0 in the above formula.

  In one embodiment, the smoke layer lower end height at the time of completion of the evacuation is the evacuation completion time of the evacuation subject, the smoke layer density at the time of evacuation completion, the fire growth rate, and the combustion has spread to the entire surface of the combustible material. It is calculated on the basis of the floor area and the ceiling height of the space divided vertically for each portion having a different ceiling height, the time required for the combustion rate to spread over the entire surface of the combustible material, and the time required for the combustion to expand.

  In this way, by calculating the smoke layer bottom height based on the floor area and the ceiling height of the space divided vertically for each part with different ceiling height, the smoke layer bottom height that matches the actual room shape. It is possible to predict the length.

  Also, the fire source (growth fire source + steady fire) predicted from the evacuation completion time, fire growth rate, heat generation rate when combustion spreads over the entire surface of the combustible material, and the time required for combustion to expand over the entire surface of the combustible material By calculating the smoke layer lower end height based on the source), it becomes possible to predict the smoke layer lower end height in accordance with actual fire conditions.

によって算出される。 In this case, as an example, the smoke layer lower end height at the time of completion of the evacuation is

Is calculated by

  As an example, the present invention can be implemented as a program that is installed in the computer system 10 and executes the above-described evacuation safety performance evaluation method. The program can be recorded on a recording medium and distributed. Distribution on the Internet is also possible.

  Further, according to the present invention, a building with the same conditions as the design drawing or the building whose safety has been confirmed by the above-described evacuation safety performance evaluation method can be easily safe without evaluating the evacuation safety performance. To be understood.

  Furthermore, the present invention is very effective even when viewed only as a calculation process diagram describing the calculation process of the evacuation safety performance evaluation method described above or as an evacuation safety performance evaluation calculation sheet showing the calculation results. To be understood.

  With the configuration as described above, according to the evacuation safety performance evaluation method according to the present invention, it is possible to predict the smoke layer lower end height at the time of completion of evacuation, which is more actual, without being an expert.

  Embodiments according to the present invention will be described below in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. In general, various calculation formulas are used when implementing the evacuation safety performance evaluation method. Of course, since the calculation formula is not an exact solution of the model, various modifications and omissions are made. Of course, the calculation formula itself is devised, but what is important is the procedure and method, and the present invention can be implemented even if it does not exactly match the following calculation formula. Ultimately, the scope of the present invention is defined by the claims.

  Details of the derivation of the calculation formula are complicated and omitted, but the basics of the derivation are described in many reference books and papers. For example, as such materials, “Introduction to Building Fire Safety Engineering” (Yoshiyoshi Tanaka, 1993, published by Nippon Building Center, in particular, pages 232-235), 2001 version “Explanation and calculation examples of evacuation safety verification method and "Explanation" (edit: Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism Housing Bureau Building Guidance Division, Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism Institute of Architecture, Japan Architectural Council, Japan Architecture Center), JP 2003-330996.

  FIG. 5 shows a list of simple prediction formulas for the smoke layer lower end height during the initial fire. This is a new expression obtained by the inventor's research and is a very useful formula for obtaining the smoke layer lower end height and the smoke layer fall time. Here, the smoke layer lower end height is calculated as the smoke layer lower end height z at a certain time t, and the smoke layer lowering time is calculated as the time t required for the smoke layer lower end to descend to a certain height z. The

  Here, the case where the ceiling height is constant and the case where it partially differs (see FIG. 6) are considered as the shape of the fire room. In addition, as an assumed fire source, a fire source whose heat generation rate is constant regardless of time (steady fire source), a fire source whose heat generation rate increases in proportion to the square of time (growth fire source), a growth fire source, A fire source (composite fire) that combines a steady fire source is considered. The meanings of the variables used in these simple prediction formulas are the same as those described below.

  Basically, the following calculation formulas are derived by appropriately modifying this simple prediction formula. The detailed explanation of the simple prediction formula of FIG. 5 is “Simple prediction formula of smoke layer lower end height at the time of initial fire” (The Architectural Institute of Japan Environmental Sciences Collection, No. 581, p1-p8, July 2004) It is published in.

  Hereinafter, the basic flow of the procedure of the evacuation safety performance evaluation method according to the embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to the flowchart of FIG. It is evaluated that the fires assumed in the building rooms are not exposed to harmful evacuation smoke until the residents (generally evacuated people) evacuate to the exit that leads to the evacuation site. To do.

  First, in step S101, data necessary for evaluating evacuation safety performance is extracted from a design drawing or the like. Here, data such as floor area, ceiling height, occupant density, combustible amount, interior type, etc. are extracted.

  Next, in step S102, the evacuation start time of the evacuation target person is calculated. In particular, the evacuation start time here is calculated as the time required for the evacuation target person to notice the presence of smoke formed under the ceiling based on the extracted data extracted in step S101.

Next, in step S103, the evacuation completion time t _escape is calculated. In particular, based on the evacuation start time calculated in step S102, the evacuation completion time t _escape is calculated as the sum of the time required to reach the exit leading to the corridor and the time passing through the exit leading to the corridor. .

Next, in step S104, the fire source heat generation rate Q _f is calculated. In particular, the calculation of the heat source heat generation rate Q _f here is performed based on the extracted data extracted in step S101 and the evacuation completion time t _escape calculated in step S103.

Next, in step S105, the smoke layer density at the time of evacuation completion is calculated. In particular, the smoke layer density is calculated here by using the extracted data extracted in step S101, the evacuation completion time t _escape calculated in step S103, and the heat source heat generation rate at the evacuation completion time calculated in step S104. Performed on the basis of Q _f .

Next, in step S106, the smoke layer lower end height at the time of completion of evacuation is calculated. In particular, the calculation here is based on the extracted data extracted in step S101, the evacuation completion time t _escape calculated in step S105, and the smoke layer density ρ at the evacuation completion time calculated in step S103. Done.

  Finally, in step S107, it is determined whether the smoke layer lower end height z at the evacuation completion time calculated in step S106 is equal to or higher than the smoke layer height that hinders evacuation. If the smoke layer lower end height z is equal to or higher than the smoke layer height that hinders evacuation, it is determined that the building occupant can safely evacuate from the building. However, if the smoke layer lower end height z is lower than the smoke layer height that hinders evacuation, it is determined that the evacuation safety performance of the building is insufficient.

  If it is determined that the evacuation safety performance of the building is insufficient, the design content is reviewed, the correction is made, and the evacuation safety performance evaluation method is performed again. If it is confirmed that the person in the building can safely evacuate from the building, the design drawing is used as a safe building.

Next, the detail of the concrete processing method of each step of the said evacuation safety performance evaluation method is demonstrated. First, in step S101, data necessary for evaluating evacuation safety performance is extracted from a design drawing or the like (see FIG. 2). This is assigned to the following variable, for example. In addition to this, there is necessary data to be extracted, but for the convenience of description, it will be shown later with appropriate duplication accompanying the formula using it.

  Next, in step S102, calculation of the evacuation completion time will be described. For this, for example, it is possible to use the method defined in the No. 1441. The evacuation start time can be calculated on the assumption that evacuation starts when the smoke accumulated under the ceiling can be visually confirmed.

For this purpose, an evacuation start time t _start is calculated. The evacuation start time of the people in the fire room is calculated by the following formula in accordance with the bill 1441.

Similarly, when it is considered that evacuation starts when the smoke accumulated under the ceiling can be visually confirmed, that is, when calculating from the bottom height of the smoke layer, the evacuation start time of the people in the fire room is Is calculated by the following equation.

Here, it is difficult to predict the smoke layer density ρ at the stage of step S102, but if the smoke layer density is 1.2 kg / m ^{3 at} room temperature (20 ° C.), it is assumed that it is sufficient and safe. The entrainment factor k is 0.076kg / in "Simple prediction formula of smoke layer lower end height at the time of initial fire" (The Architectural Institute of Japan Environmental Science Collection, No.581, p1-p8, July 2004) kJ ^1/3 / m ^5/3 / s ^2/3 may be used. The fire growth rate α is, for example, the value α _f calculated according to the calorific value per square meter of the loadable combustible material specified in the Decree No. 1441. Can be calculated by adding the value α _m calculated according to the above, that is, α = α _f + α _m . H _lim1 is the smoke layer bottom height that people in the fire room notice the presence of smoke formed under the ceiling, but when smoke equivalent to 10% of the fire room ceiling height is formed under the ceiling Considering that the residents notice the presence of smoke, it is desirable to set the fire room ceiling height to about 90% (0.9H _f ).

On the other hand, the evacuation start time of the person in the non-fire room is calculated by the following formula in accordance with the bill No. 1441. Here, A _floor is the floor area of the floor.

When it is considered that evacuation starts when the smoke accumulated under the ceiling can be visually confirmed, that is, when calculating from the bottom height of the smoke layer, the evacuation start time of the non-fire room residents is Is calculated by the following equation.

Here, as the smoke layer lower height H _lim1 begin to Mokemuri hallway etc. from the fire chamber, but to the upper height H _fD door located between the fire chamber and the corridor, etc. are generally, It is desirable to set 0.9H _fD in consideration of a certain smoke layer thickness, and the smoke layer bottom height H _lim2 that starts to leak from the corridor etc. to the attached living room is the height of the door between the corridor etc. and the attached living room Although for the upper height H _rD is generally similar it is desirable to 0.9H _rD reasons. Also, the smoke layer bottom height H _lim3 that the residents in the attached room notice the presence of smoke formed under the ceiling is set to 0.9H _r for the same reason as the evacuation start time of the people in the fire room described above. Is desirable.

  However, here, the evacuation is started before the combustion spreads over the entire surface of the combustible material. That is, the fire source is treated as a growth fire source rather than a combined fire source. This is sufficient for many. When the evacuation start time becomes long, it is necessary to calculate as a combined fire source. However, the calculation formula is complicated and there is no particular difficulty.

  Next, in step S103, calculation of the evacuation completion time will be described. The evacuation completion time is calculated by (evacuation start time + walking time + door passing time). Here, the evacuation start time is calculated as described above. The walking time is the time required for the person in the building to reach the exit leading to a safe place such as a corridor, and is a value obtained by dividing the walking distance to the exit by the walking speed. The door passage time is calculated as a value obtained by dividing the number of people passing through the door (number of people to be evacuated) by the passage speed of the door (number of people passing through the door per unit time).

Next, calculation of the heat source heat generation rate at the time of completion of evacuation performed in step S104 is calculated by the following equation.

Here, the exothermic temperature Qc when the combustion spreads over the entire surface of the combustible material is obtained by multiplying the heat generation rate q "per unit area of the combustible material and the combustible surface area A _fuel . The unit area of the combustible material The heating rate q "per hit was calculated as, for example, the combustion-type control factor χ = ∞ in the fire resistance verification method (Ministry of Construction, 2000 No. 1443) (hereinafter referred to as No. 1443) The case value can be 48 kW / m ² . In addition, as the combustible material surface area A _fuel , for example, it is possible to use a calculation method defined in the No. 1443.

Next, the smoke layer density at the time of completion of evacuation performed in step S105 can be calculated by the following equation.

Here, the smoke layer height H _lim that hinders evacuation is, for example, 1.8 m as stipulated in No. 1441. In addition, for the thermal inertia (λρc) ^1/2 of the ceiling constituent material, for example, a calculation method defined in Building Standard No. 1433 can be used.

Next, the calculation of the smoke layer lower end height at the time of completion of evacuation performed in step S106 is performed according to the flow shown in FIG. 3, and the calculation formula of the smoke layer lower end height there is as follows. .

  Unlike the calculation of the evacuation start time, here, the fire source is treated as a combined fire source, not as a growth fire source. This is because, since the evacuation completion time is longer than the evacuation start time, the growth fire source usually cannot obtain sufficient accuracy. In addition, it is assumed that the ceiling height of the fire room is not constant, and there are n consecutive spaces (hereinafter referred to as divided spaces) divided vertically for each portion having a different ceiling height. However, it goes without saying that it is possible to cope with the case where the ceiling height of the fire room is constant.

First, in step S201, the evacuation completion time t _escape calculated in step S103 is compared with the time t _c required for the combustion to expand over the entire combustible surface. If the evacuation completion time t _escape is longer than the time t _c required for the combustion to spread over the entire combustible surface, t _c = t _escape is set for convenience in step S202.

Next, in step S203, a variable m indicating the number of repetitions of the process is set to 1. This variable m also indicates the position of the divided space, and numbers 1 to n are assigned in order from the divided space having a high ceiling. In step S204, the smoke layer lower end height z at the evacuation completion time t _escape is calculated. Here, it is evaluated whether or not the smoke layer enters the (m + 1) th divided space from the first divided space.

Next, in step S206, the smoke layer lower end height z obtained in step S204 is compared with the ceiling height H _{m + 1} of the m + 1-th (that is, adjacent divided space) divided space. If the smoke layer lower end height z is equal to or higher than the ceiling height H _{m + 1} of the (m + 1) th divided space, it is determined that the smoke layer does not reach the (m + 1) th divided space, and the smoke layer lower end height is determined. Z is fixed and the process is terminated.

If it is determined in step S204 that the smoke layer lower end height z is lower than the ceiling height H _{m + 1 of the} m + 1-th divided space, m is incremented in step S207, and the smoke layer lower end height z is determined in step S204. Is recalculated. In step S206, recalculation is repeated until z ≦ H _{m + 1} .

  If it is determined in step S205 that all the divided spaces have been evaluated, the smoke layer lower end height z has been determined, and the process ends. If the divided space remains, the process goes to step S206 to repeat the process.

  Finally, returning to step S107, the smoke layer lower end height calculated in step S106 is evaluated based on whether or not there is an obstacle to evacuation. If the smoke layer lower end height is equal to or higher than the smoke layer height that hinders evacuation, it is evaluated that a building occupant can safely escape from the building. However, if the smoke layer lower end height is lower than the smoke layer height that hinders evacuation, it is evaluated that the evacuation safety performance of the building is insufficient. The smoke layer height that hinders evacuation is, for example, 1.8 m as stipulated in No. 1441.

  The evacuation safety performance evaluation method according to the embodiment of the present invention is effective when at least its calculation algorithm is implemented as a program installed in a computer system.

  FIG. 7 is a block diagram of the basic configuration of such a computer system 10. In FIG. 1, a computer system 10 is composed of a main body 11 and a storage device 12. As the storage device 12, various storage devices such as a hard disk and a magnetic disk can be used. A program for executing the evacuation safety performance evaluation method according to the embodiment of the present invention is installed in such a storage device 12. Such programs can be implemented in languages that require relatively little expertise, such as spreadsheet macros and script languages. Of course, you may implement by another compilation language.

  Such a program is stored in a portable storage medium 15 that is commercially available and distributed, and can be executed by setting the storage medium in the computer system 10. As the portable storage medium 15, various types of media such as a CD-ROM, a floppy disk, an optical disk, and a magneto-optical disk can be used.

  Such a program can also be executed via the network 14 using the application service provider 13.

  According to the smoke layer falling time calculation method according to the present invention as described above, it is possible to use an evacuation safety performance evaluation method based on a simple prediction formula that does not require special expertise. In addition, calculation formulas and discriminants can be programmed in advance in spreadsheet software such as EXCEL, so that input and evaluation results can be confirmed on a personal computer screen. Furthermore, it is possible to perform evacuation safety performance evaluation even for designers and general users who have no specialized knowledge.

  In addition, the present invention is implemented as a calculation process diagram describing the calculation process of the evacuation safety performance evaluation method described above, and it is easily understood that even if this calculation process diagram is used in practice, it is very effective. Is done.

  Further, the present invention is implemented as an evacuation safety performance evaluation calculation sheet showing the calculation result of the evacuation safety performance evaluation method described above, and even if this evacuation safety performance evaluation calculation sheet is referred to in the field, it is very effective. It is easy to understand.

  As described above, the present invention has been described with reference to the embodiment. However, for those skilled in the art, the present invention is not limited to the embodiment described in the present application, and many modifications and implementation examples are described in the above embodiment of the present invention. It is clear that this can be done.

It is a flowchart which shows the basic flow of the procedure of the evacuation safety performance evaluation method which concerns on embodiment of this invention. In the evacuation safety performance evaluation method according to the embodiment of the present invention, a part of data necessary for calculating the evacuation start time is shown in the figure. It is a flowchart which shows calculation of the smoke layer lower end height in the evacuation safety performance evaluation method which concerns on embodiment of this invention at the time of evacuation completion. It is a flowchart which shows the parallel type evaluation method which concerns on the conventional evacuation safety performance evaluation method. A list of simple prediction formulas for the smoke layer lower end height during an initial fire is shown. A specific example of the space divided vertically for each part having a different ceiling height is shown. It is a block diagram which shows the basic composition of the computer for implement | achieving this invention.

Explanation of symbols

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 10 Computer system 11 Main body 12 Storage device 13 Application service provider 14 Network 15 Portable storage medium

Claims (11)

A computer system for evaluating evacuation safety performance in the event of a building fire in a building design stage, or in a plan change or application change stage of an existing building,
Necessary data acquisition means for acquiring data necessary for evaluating evacuation safety performance from the design content or the changed content;
An evacuation start time calculating means for calculating an evacuation start time of an evacuation target person ;
Evacuation completion time calculating means for calculating the evacuation completion time of the evacuation subject using the evacuation start time ;
Using the evacuation completion time calculated by the evacuation completion time calculating means, a fire source heat generation speed calculating means for calculating the heat source heat generation speed at the time of evacuation completion ;
The evacuation completion time calculated by the evacuation completion time calculating means, the fire source heat generation speed at the time of evacuation completion calculated by the fire source heat generation speed calculating means , the height that hinders evacuation, the ceiling area of the evacuation target room, and , Smoke layer density calculating means for calculating the smoke layer density at the time of evacuation completion based on the thermal inertia of the ceiling component material ,
The evacuation completion time calculated by the evacuation completion time calculating means, the heat source heat generation speed at the time of evacuation completion calculated by the fire source heat generation speed calculating means, and the evacuation completion time calculated by the smoke layer density calculating means Using the smoke layer density, the smoke layer lower end height calculating means for calculating the smoke layer lower end height at the time of evacuation completion ,
Evacuation safety performance judging means for judging whether or not the smoke layer lower end height at the time of evacuation completion calculated by the smoke layer lower end height calculating means is equal to or higher than a height that hinders evacuation ;
A computer system for evaluating evacuation safety performance in the event of a fire in a building. The evacuation start time of the evacuation subject is calculated based on the time when the smoke layer lower end height reaches the height at which the evacuation subject notices the presence of smoke formed under the ceiling. Item 2. A computer system for evaluating evacuation safety performance in the event of a fire in a building according to item 1 . The time until the bottom of the smoke layer reaches the height at which the evacuee notices the presence of smoke formed under the ceiling,

The computer system for evaluating evacuation safety performance at the time of fire of a building according to claim 2, calculated by : The evacuation completion time of the evacuation subject is the evacuation start time of the evacuation subject, the time required for the evacuation subject to reach the exit leading to the evacuation site, and the evacuation subject passing through the exit leading to the evacuation site The computer system for evaluating evacuation safety performance at the time of fire of a building according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the computer system is calculated based on a time required . The heat source heat generation rate at the time of completion of the evacuation is calculated based on an evacuation completion time of the evacuation subject, a fire growth rate, and a heat generation rate when combustion spreads over the entire surface of the combustible material. The computer system for evaluating evacuation safety performance at the time of fire of a building according to any one of claims 1 to 4 . The heat source heat generation rate at the time of the evacuation completion is

The computer system for evaluating evacuation safety performance at the time of fire of a building according to claim 5, wherein the computer system is calculated by : The smoke layer density at the time of evacuation completion is

The computer system for evaluating evacuation safety performance at the time of fire of a building according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the computer system is calculated by : The smoke layer lower end height at the time of evacuation completion is the evacuation completion time of the evacuation subject, the smoke layer density at the time of evacuation completion, the fire growth rate, the heat generation rate when the combustion spreads over the entire surface of the combustible, time required for combustion to the entire surface is enlarged, claim from claim 1, characterized in that calculated on the basis of the floor area and ceiling height of the vertically divided space for different parts of the ceiling height 8. The computer system for evaluating evacuation safety performance at the time of fire of a building according to any one of 7 . The smoke layer bottom height at the time of the evacuation completion is

The computer system for evaluating evacuation safety performance at the time of fire of a building according to claim 8 , wherein the computer system is calculated by : (A) A program for causing a computer system to function as a computer system for evaluating evacuation safety performance in the event of a building fire in a building design stage, or in a plan change or usage change stage of an existing building,
(B) the computer system;
Necessary data acquisition means for acquiring data necessary for evaluating evacuation safety performance from the design content or change content,
Evacuation start time calculation means for calculating the evacuation start time of the evacuation target person,
Evacuation completion time calculating means for calculating the evacuation completion time of the evacuation subject using the evacuation start time;
Fire source heat generation rate calculating means for calculating the heat source heat generation rate at the time of evacuation completion using the evacuation completion time calculated by the evacuation completion time calculation unit;
The evacuation completion time calculated by the evacuation completion time calculating means, the fire source heat generation speed at the time of evacuation completion calculated by the fire source heat generation speed calculating means , the height that hinders evacuation, the ceiling area of the evacuation target room, and , Smoke layer density calculating means for calculating the smoke layer density at the time of evacuation completion based on the thermal inertia of the ceiling component material,
The evacuation completion time calculated by the evacuation completion time calculating means, the heat source heat generation speed at the time of evacuation completion calculated by the fire source heat generation speed calculating means, and the evacuation completion time calculated by the smoke layer density calculating means Using the smoke layer density, the smoke layer lower end height calculating means for calculating the smoke layer lower end height at the time of completion of evacuation, and
Evacuation safety performance judging means for judging whether or not the smoke layer lower end height at the time of evacuation completion calculated by the smoke layer lower end height calculating means is not less than a height that hinders evacuation,
A program characterized by functioning as A recording medium on which the program according to claim 10 is recorded.

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