JP6643566B2 - Backup power supply and vehicle equipped with it - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to a backup power supply device used for various vehicles and a vehicle equipped with the same.

  2. Description of the Related Art In recent years, some vehicles have a backup power supply device that supplies power to specific devices mounted on the vehicle when the battery mounted on the vehicle is damaged due to an accident and cannot supply power.

  Such a conventional power generator will be described with reference to FIG.

  FIG. 4 is a block diagram illustrating a conventional backup power supply device 100 and a usage pattern thereof. The backup power supply device 100 includes a capacitor 11, a step-down circuit 12, and a step-up circuit 13. The input terminal 14 is connected to the step-down circuit 12. The output terminal 15 is connected to the booster circuit 13.

  The step-down circuit 12 is provided in the charging path of the capacitor 11 and steps down the power input from the input terminal 14. Then, the capacitor 11 is charged with electric power. The booster circuit 13 is provided on an output path of the capacitor 11. The booster circuit 13 boosts the power charged in the capacitor 11 and outputs the boosted power to the output terminal 15.

  The input terminal 14 is connected to a battery 21 mounted on an automobile. The output terminal 15 is connected to a door unlocking device 22 mounted on a vehicle.

  For example, if an accident occurs in a car and the battery 21 is damaged, the battery 21 cannot supply power to the door unlocking device 22. When such a situation occurs, the backup power supply device 100 supplies the electric power charged in the capacitor 11 to the door lock release device 22. Thereby, the door lock release device 22 can release the door lock of the automobile using the power from the backup power supply device 100 even when the power supply from the battery 21 is lost. As prior art document information related to this application, for example, Patent Document 1 is known.

WO 2013/125170

  In the conventional backup power supply device 100 described above, the step-down circuit 12 and the step-up circuit 13 are configured independently. As shown in Patent Document 1, the step-down circuit 12 and the step-up circuit 13 generally have a coil and a switching element, respectively. In addition, there is a demand for a small and high-output backup power supply.

  An object of the present invention is to provide a compact backup power supply device with a reduced number of components.

The present invention includes a terminal portion used for both the input and output of the power, and the electric double layer capacitor, and to the electric double layer capacitor from the terminal unit connected in this order, the current detection part and the first switching element A series body, a coil, a second switching element connected between a connection point of the series body and the coil, and a ground, an output rectifying element connected in parallel to the series body, and a current flowing through the current detection component. A signal corresponding to the current and the charging power of the electric double layer capacitor are detected, and the charging current to the electric double layer capacitor and the charging power of the electric double layer capacitor are controlled by operating the first switching element. And when the occurrence of a vehicle accident is detected, the output of the electric power charged in the electric double layer capacitor by operating the second switching element. Comprising a Gosuru controller, and a charging path to said electric double layer capacitor from the terminal unit, and a step-down circuit which operates with the series body, the said the first switching element of said series body coil, but Used as an output path from the electric double layer capacitor to the terminal portion, a booster circuit operated by the second switching element and the coil, and connected in a forward direction from the booster circuit to the terminal portion. The above-mentioned output rectifying element is used.

  In this case, since the components constituting the step-down circuit unit and the booster circuit unit can be shared, the number of components can be reduced. Thereby, a small backup power supply device can be realized.

  According to the present invention, there is obtained an advantageous effect that a small backup power supply device can be provided by sharing components constituting a step-down circuit and a step-up circuit.

Block diagram of a backup power supply according to an embodiment of the present invention Block diagram of the backup power supply Block diagram illustrating a usage mode of the backup power supply. Block diagram illustrating a conventional backup power supply and its usage pattern

  An embodiment of the present invention will be described below with reference to FIGS.

(Embodiment)
1 and 2 are block diagrams of a backup power supply 200 according to an embodiment of the present invention. As shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, the backup power supply device 200 includes a capacitor 40 and a step-up / step-down circuit 50. As shown in FIG. 2, the step-up / down circuit 50 includes a step-down circuit unit 50A that performs a step-down operation and a step-up circuit unit 50B that performs a step-up operation. The step-down circuit unit 50A has a first switching element 51 and a coil 53. The booster circuit section 50B includes a second switching element 52 and a coil 53. That is, the coil 53 is one of the components of the step-down circuit unit 50A and also one of the components of the step-up circuit unit 50B. That is, the backup power supply device 200 forms the step-down circuit unit 50A and the step-up circuit unit 50B by sharing the coil 53. Thereby, the backup power supply device 200 can be reduced in size with a reduced number of components.

  Hereinafter, the configuration, use mode, operation, and the like of the backup power supply device 200 will be described in detail.

  As shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, the backup power supply device 200 includes a terminal unit 30, a filter unit 42, a step-up / down circuit 50, a capacitor 40, and a control unit 41. The step-up / step-down circuit 50 is connected to the terminal unit 30 via the filter unit 42. Further, the step-up / step-down circuit 50 is connected to the capacitor 40 and the control unit 41, respectively. The terminal section 30 has an input terminal 31 and an output terminal 32, and both are connected at a connection point 33a. Further, a rectifying element 33 is connected between the input terminal 31 and the connection point 33a such that the input terminal 31 side is an anode and the connection point 33a side is a cathode. The rectifier 33 is preferably a diode. This prevents the power output from the step-up / step-down circuit 50 from being output to the input terminal 31 during the output operation of the backup power supply device 200 described below. Further, the filter unit 42 disposed between the terminal unit 30 and the step-up / step-down circuit 50 is a filter circuit configured using, for example, a coil or a capacitor, and suppresses noise such as harmonics generated from the backup power supply device 200. .

  Note that an electric double layer capacitor (EDLC) is preferably used as the capacitor 40. The electric double layer capacitor (EDLC) is preferable as the capacitor 40 because it has a large capacity, can be rapidly charged, and has a long charge / discharge cycle life. In addition, since the electric double layer capacitor (EDLC) has a lower withstand voltage than the voltage (generally, 12 V or 24 V) of the battery 61 of the vehicle, a plurality of electric double layer capacitors (EDLC) are arranged in series. What is necessary is just to comprise the capacitor 40.

  Here, the control unit 41 controls the operation of the step-up / step-down circuit 50 so that the step-up / step-down circuit 50 functions as either a step-up circuit or a step-down circuit. That is, the backup power supply device 200 operates in either a charging operation (step-down operation) or an output operation (step-up operation). When performing a charging operation, the backup power supply device 200 steps down the power input from the input terminal 31 by the step-up / step-down circuit 50 and charges the capacitor 40. On the other hand, when performing the output operation, the power charged in the capacitor 40 is boosted by the step-up / down circuit 50 and output to the terminal unit 30 (output terminal 32).

  Next, a usage mode of the backup power supply device 200 will be described. The backup power supply device 200 is used by being mounted on an automobile 60 as shown in FIG. FIG. 3 is a block diagram illustrating a use mode of the backup power supply device 200.

  The backup power supply device 200 has an input terminal 31 connected to the battery 61 of the automobile 60. On the other hand, the output terminals 32 are connected to motors 72 of a plurality of doors 70 provided on the automobile 60, respectively. Note that FIG. 3 shows only one door 70 for simplification of the description. Further, in FIG. 3, the illustration of the filter unit 42 is omitted, and the configuration of the terminal unit 30 is also simplified, and only the input terminal 31 and the output terminal 32 are illustrated.

  The backup power supply device 200 charges the capacitor 40 with the power of the battery 61 of the automobile 60. When the power supply from the battery 61 is lost due to, for example, an accident occurring in the automobile 60 and the battery 61 being damaged, the backup power supply device 200 transfers the power charged in the capacitor 40 to the door 70. To the motor 72. Thereby, even when the power supply from the battery 21 is lost, the vehicle 60 can release the lock of the door 70 using the power from the backup power supply device 100.

  As shown in FIG. 3, a door 70 of the automobile 60 is provided with a door lock mechanism 71, a motor 72, a door knob 73, and a mechanical key 74. The door lock mechanism 71 locks or unlocks the door 70 in response to driving of the motor 72. When the door 70 is unlocked, the driver or the like can open the door 70 by operating the door knob 73.

  A driver or the like can manually lock or unlock the door 70 by manually operating the door lock mechanism 71 from inside the vehicle. Further, the driver or the like can operate the door lock mechanism 71 from outside the vehicle via the mechanical key 74 by using the key. As a result, the driver or the like can lock or unlock the door 70 from outside the vehicle.

  The motor 72 is connected to the vehicle control unit 62 of the automobile 60. The vehicle control unit 62 is a control device for controlling predetermined devices of the automobile 60, and is connected to the battery 61 and the output terminal 32 of the backup power supply device 200 and is supplied with power.

  When the vehicle 60 reaches a predetermined speed, the vehicle control unit 62 activates the motor 72. At this time, the motor 72 is driven using the electric power supplied from the battery 61. The door lock mechanism 71 locks the door 70 by driving the motor 72. That is, the vehicle 60 automatically locks the door 70 when traveling at a predetermined speed or higher.

  Then, when an accident occurs in the automobile 60, the vehicle control unit 62 activates the motor 72 to unlock the door 70. At this time, for example, even if the battery 61 is damaged due to an accident, the backup power supply device 200 outputs the power charged in the capacitor 40 and supplies the power for driving the motor 72. In other words, even when an emergency such as an accident occurs and the power supply from the battery 61 is lost, the motor 72 supplies power from the backup power supply device 200 and starts up from the vehicle control unit 62. The motor 72 can be driven. Thereby, for example, even if the passenger of the automobile 60 is fainted due to an accident and the door 70 cannot be unlocked from the interior of the vehicle, the door 70 is automatically unlocked. The door 70 can be opened from outside the vehicle.

  Note that the backup power supply device 200 also supplies power to the vehicle control unit 62 when power supply from the battery 61 is lost. Thus, the vehicle control unit 62 can start the motor 72 even when the power supply from the battery 61 is lost.

  Next, a detailed configuration of the step-up / step-down circuit 50 will be described with reference to FIG.

  As shown in FIG. 2, the step-up / down circuit 50 includes a step-down circuit unit 50A that performs a step-down operation, a step-up circuit unit 50B that performs a step-up operation, a current limiting unit 54, a rectifying element 56, and a smoothing capacitor 55. Have.

  The step-down circuit unit 50A is a part of a step-down circuit described later, and includes a first switching element 51 and a coil 53. The booster circuit section 50B is a part of a booster circuit to be described later, and includes a second switching element 52 and a coil 53. That is, the step-down circuit unit 50A and the step-up circuit unit 50B are configured to share the coil 53. Thus, the backup power supply device 200 can be reduced in size by reducing the number of components constituting the step-down circuit and the step-up circuit. Note that the first switching element 51 and the second switching element are configured by, for example, FETs, and are connected to the control unit 41, respectively.

  As shown in FIG. 2, the step-up / step-down circuit 50 includes a current limiting unit 54, a first switching element 51, and a coil 53 connected in series from the filter unit 42 side between the filter unit 42 and the capacitor 40. I have. Further, the capacitor 40 is connected to the coil 53 of the step-up / step-down circuit 50. The second switching element 52 has one end connected between the first switching element 51 and the coil 53 and the other end connected to the short-circuit side. One end of the smoothing capacitor 55 is connected between the filter unit 42 and the current limiting unit 54, and the other end is connected to the short-circuit side. It should be noted that the smoothing capacitor 55 suppresses a voltage fluctuation during the output operation.

  The current limiting unit 54 is a current detecting component including a resistance unit such as a resistance element having a predetermined resistance value, and is connected to the control unit 41. Thereby, the control unit 41 detects a signal 54a corresponding to a current flowing through the current limiting unit 54 by detecting a voltage applied to both ends of the current limiting unit 54 and the like. Then, the control unit 41 controls the operation of the first switching element 51 according to the magnitude of the current flowing through the current limiting unit 54, and adjusts the magnitude of the current flowing through the current limiting unit 54 during the charging operation. . That is, the control unit 41 adjusts the charging current. This prevents an excessive current from flowing to the electronic components constituting the backup power supply device 200 during the charging operation, thereby preventing damage.

The rectifying element 56 is connected between the filter section 42 and the coil 53 so as to straddle the current limiting section 54 and the first switching element 51. In other words, the current limiting unit 54 and the first switching element 51 are connected in parallel. The rectifying element 56 is connected such that the coil 53 side is an anode and the filter unit 42 side is a cathode. That is, at the time of the output operation of outputting the electric power charged in the capacitor 40, the current flows through the rectifying element 56. The rectifying element 56 is composed of, for example, a diode.

  The control unit 41 is connected to the input terminal 31 and detects a signal 31a corresponding to the voltage of the input terminal 31. Further, the control unit 41 is connected between the coil 53 and the capacitor 40, and detects a signal 40a corresponding to the power charged in the capacitor 40. As described above, the step-up / step-down circuit 50 and the backup power supply device 200 are configured.

  The terminal section 30 is connected in series to the step-up / step-down circuit 50 via the filter section 42. Therefore, the filter unit 42 configures both the charging path and the output path of the backup power supply device 200. Thus, the filter unit 42 can be configured as a filter circuit that alone suppresses noise during both the charging operation and the output operation. That is, in the case of the backup power supply device 200, it is not necessary to form a filter circuit in each of the charging path and the output path, and the number of components can be reduced and the size can be reduced.

  As shown in FIG. 3, the input terminal 31 of the terminal unit 30 is connected to the battery 61 of the automobile 60. The output terminal 32 of the terminal unit 30 is connected to a motor 72 for unlocking the door 70.

  Next, the operation of the backup power supply device 200 during charging will be described with reference to FIG.

  The control unit 41 detects a signal 31a corresponding to the voltage of the battery 61. When the voltage of the battery 61 is higher than a predetermined threshold, the controller 41 determines that the battery 61 is normal, and operates the step-up / step-down circuit 50 as a step-down circuit. That is, the control unit 41 controls the first switching element 51 to operate the step-up / step-down circuit 50 as a step-down circuit. Thus, the backup power supply device 200 performs a charging operation.

  The step-down circuit of the backup power supply device 200 is a circuit including the step-down circuit unit 50A, and is a so-called step-down DC-DC converter including the current limiting unit 54, the first switching element 51, the coil 53, and the second switching element 52. is there. At this time, the coil 53 functions as a choke coil. Note that a step-down circuit may be configured by using a diode instead of the second switching element 52. However, if the second switching element 52 is configured by an FET, the control of the control unit 41 is controlled by the second switching element 52. Since it can function as a diode without requiring it, it can be substituted. This is desirable because the number of components of the backup power supply device 200 can be reduced and the size can be reduced. During the charging operation, the control unit 41 does not control the second switching element 52 because it is not necessary to operate the second switching element 52. That is, during the charging operation, the control unit 41 controls only the first switching element 51.

  The power output from the battery 61 is charged to the capacitor 40 via the input terminal 31, the filter unit 42, the current limiting unit 54, the first switching element 51, and the coil 53 as a charging path. The first switching element 51 performs a switching operation at a high cycle by the control unit 41. Therefore, the DC current of the battery 61 is converted by the first switching element 51 into a pulse wave or the like. Then, the current output from the first switching element 51 is smoothed by the self-induction of the coil 53. As described above, the power of the battery 61 is stepped down, and the capacitor 40 is charged.

  The control section 41 detects a signal 54a corresponding to the current flowing through the current limiting section 54. Then, the control unit 41 controls the operation of the first switching element 51 so that the current flowing through the current limiting unit 54 does not exceed a predetermined value. That is, by controlling the current at the time of charging, the electronic components constituting the backup power supply device 200 are prevented from being damaged by overcurrent.

  Then, the control unit 41 detects a signal 40 a corresponding to the power charged in the capacitor 40 and controls the operation of the first switching element 51 so that the capacitor 40 is not charged with excessive power. That is, the capacitor 40 is prevented from being in an overcharged state, and the damage of the capacitor 40 and the shortening of the life are suppressed.

  Next, the operation of the backup power supply device 200 at the time of output will be described with reference to FIG.

  The control unit 41 detects a signal 31a corresponding to the voltage of the battery 61. For example, when an accident occurs in the automobile 60 and the battery 61 is damaged, the battery 61 cannot supply predetermined power, and the voltage drops below a predetermined threshold. That is, when the voltage of the battery 61 is smaller than the predetermined threshold, the control unit 41 determines that an abnormality has occurred in the battery 61 and operates the step-up / step-down circuit 50 as a step-up circuit. That is, the control unit 41 controls the second switching element 52 to operate the step-up / step-down circuit 50 as a step-up circuit. Thereby, the backup power supply device 200 performs an output operation.

  The step-up circuit of the backup power supply device 200 is a circuit including the step-up circuit unit 50B, and is a so-called step-up DC-DC converter including a coil 53, a second switching element 52, a rectifying element 56, and a smoothing capacitor 55. At this time, the coil 53 functions as a step-up coil. That is, the coil 53 functions as a choke coil during charging and functions as a boosting coil during output. In other words, the coil 53 constitutes both the charging path and the output path of the backup power supply device 200. As described above, the backup power supply device 200 has a configuration in which the coil 53 is shared by both the step-up circuit and the step-down circuit, so that the coil, which is a large component, can be reduced. Therefore, the backup power supply device 200 can be made compact and useful.

  Here, in the above-described output operation, since the first switching element does not need to be operated, the control unit 41 does not control the first switching element 51. That is, during the output operation, the control section 41 controls only the second switching element 52.

  As described above, the second switching element 52 constituting the booster circuit is connected between the coil 53 and the rectifying element 56. With this configuration, a closed loop is formed by the capacitor 40, the coil 53, and the second switching element 52. When the second switching element 52 is switched at a high cycle, a current flows from the capacitor 40 to the coil 53. Thus, the coil 53 generates an electromotive force by self-induction. The power boosted by the coil 53 is output from the output terminal 32 via the rectifying element 56 and the filter unit 42. That is, the electric power charged in the capacitor 40 is output from the output terminal 32 using the coil 53, the rectifying element 56, and the filter unit 42 as output paths. Note that the smoothing capacitor 55 suppresses a change in the output voltage during the output operation.

  Here, as shown in FIG. 2, the backup power supply device 200 has a configuration in which the rectifying element 56 is connected so as to straddle the current limiting section 54 and the first switching element 51, so that a large current can be easily taken out. ing. The reason will be described below.

  For example, even when the rectifying element 56 is not configured, the backup power supply device 200 can configure a booster circuit and can output the power charged in the capacitor 40. In this case, the power boosted by the coil 53 is output from the output terminal 32 using the first switching element 51, the current limiting unit 54, and the filter unit 42 as output paths. Note that the first switching element 51 is configured by an FET, and functions as a diode without requiring the control of the control unit 41.

  At this time, the electric power charged in the capacitor 40 passes through the current limiting unit 54 having a resistance component. Therefore, the output current decreases due to the voltage drop in the current limiting unit 54.

  On the other hand, a plurality of motors 72 are connected in parallel to the backup power supply device 200 in order to unlock all the plurality of doors 70 of the automobile 60. Then, an inrush current flows through the motor 72 at the start of driving. That is, in order to drive the motor 72, an instantaneous large current is required. Therefore, it is desirable that the backup power supply device 200 can extract a large instantaneous current in order to drive the plurality of motors 72 all at once. The backup power supply device 200 having the rectifying element 56 can be configured to reduce the internal resistance in the output circuit, prevent an unnecessary voltage drop, and take out a large current. Furthermore, an electric double layer capacitor (EDLC) is preferable as the capacitor 40 because of its excellent instantaneous large current output.

  In the backup power supply device 200, the control unit 41 controls the operations of the first switching element 51 and the second switching element 52 and detects the signals 31a, 54a, and 40a. There is no limitation on the number or quantity. That is, a control system control unit that controls the operations of the first switching element 51 and the second switching element 52 and a detection system control unit that detects the signals 31a, 54a, and 40a may be respectively configured.

  Further, as described above, when the step-up / step-down circuit 50 functions as a step-down circuit, only the first switching element 51 is operated without operating the second switching element. On the other hand, when functioning as a booster circuit, only the second switching element 52 is operated without operating the first switching element 51. Therefore, the control unit 41 does not need to control the first switching element 51 and the second switching element 52 together. That is, a control IC having only one control channel can be used for the control unit 41, and the configuration can be simplified. This point is also effective for miniaturization.

  The backup power supply device according to the present invention is realized in a small size by sharing components constituting a step-down circuit and a booster circuit, and is useful as a backup power supply device used for various automobiles.

30 terminal unit 31 input terminal 31a, 40a, 54a signal 32 output terminal 33, 56 rectifying element 33a connection point 40 capacitor 41 control unit 42 filter unit 50 step-up / down circuit 50A step-down circuit unit 50B step-up circuit unit 51 first switching element 52 first 2 switching element 53 coil 54 current limiting unit 55 smoothing capacitor 60 automobile 61 battery 62 vehicle control unit 70 door 71 door lock mechanism 72 motor 73 door knob 74 mechanical key 200 backup power supply

Claims (4)

A terminal unit used for both input and output of power ,
An electric double layer capacitor,
A series body of a current detection component and a first switching element, sequentially connected from the terminal portion to the electric double layer capacitor, a coil,
A second switching element connected between the connection point of the series body and the coil and ground, an output rectifier element connected in parallel to the series body,
A signal corresponding to a current flowing in the current detection component and a charging power of the electric double layer capacitor are detected, and the first switching element is operated to charge the electric double layer capacitor and the electric double layer. Controlling the charging power of the capacitor, and detecting the input voltage at the terminal portion and operating the second switching element when the input voltage is smaller than a threshold value, the power charged in the electric double layer capacitor. A control unit for controlling the output of
With
As the charging path from the terminal portion to the electric double layer capacitor, the series body, a step-down circuit that is operated by the first switching element and the coil of the series body, is used,
As an output path to the terminal unit from the electric double layer capacitor, a boosting circuit which operates by the said and said second switching element coils, direction connected the output as a forward from the booster circuit to the terminal portion A rectifying element is used,
Backup power supply. Further comprising a filter circuit provided between the terminal unit and the series body,
The backup power supply device according to claim 1, wherein the filter circuit forms a common path for the charging path and the output path. An input terminal, an output terminal, and a connection point connected to the input terminal and the output terminal,
The input terminal and the connection point, an anode is connected to the input terminal, a cathode is connected via an input rectifying element connected to the connection point, respectively, a terminal portion,
An electric double layer capacitor,
From the connection point of the terminal portion to the electric double layer capacitor in order, a series body of a current detection component and a first switching element, a coil,
A second switching element connected between a ground and a connection point between the series body and the coil, an output rectifying element connected in parallel to the series body,
A signal corresponding to a current flowing in the current detection component and a charging power of the electric double layer capacitor are detected, and the first switching element is operated to charge the electric double layer capacitor and the electric double layer. Controlling the charging power of the capacitor, and detecting the input voltage at the terminal portion and operating the second switching element when the input voltage is smaller than a threshold value, the power charged in the electric double layer capacitor. A control unit for controlling the output of
Has,
As a charging path from the terminal portion to the electric double layer capacitor, the series body, a step-down circuit that is operated by the first switching element and the coil of the series body,
A booster circuit operated by the second switching element and the coil as an output path from the electric double-layer capacitor to the terminal portion, and the output connected in a forward direction from the booster circuit to the terminal portion. A backup power supply device using a rectifying element;
A battery connected to the input terminal;
A motor connected to the output terminal for unlocking the door of the door,
The backup power supply,
Charging the power of the battery through the input terminal;
An automobile that outputs electric power for driving the motor through the output terminal. A vehicle control unit connected to the output terminal for controlling the motor is further provided.
The backup power supply device, when the control unit detects an input voltage at the terminal unit and outputs power for driving the motor through the output terminal when the input voltage is smaller than a threshold value, and outputs the power to the vehicle control unit. The vehicle according to claim 3, which supplies electric power.

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