JPS5850507B2 - DC machine armature - Google Patents

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to an armature for a DC machine, and more particularly to a completely new armature for a DC machine that improves rectification.

In the armature of a conventional DC machine, an armature core is provided with a large number of linear slots, and each of these slots is wired with an armature winding consisting of an upper and a lower coil.

The number of coil sides of the upper and lower coils connected to each separate commutator piece is usually about 1 to 5.

FIG. 1 shows a schematic configuration of this type of armature when the coil side is one.

In the figure, 10 is a tooth of the armature core, and 11 is a slot.

12 is an armature winding, 12a1 and 12a2 are upper coils, and 12bl and 12b2 are lower coils.

13 is a commutator, 13a to 13e are commutator pieces, and 15 is a brush.

When the brush 15 is in position A, this is the time when the upper coil 12a0 and the lower coil 12b1 have finished commutating, and the slot leakage magnetic flux φ is caused by the current change d i / d t at this time.
t occurs, and the reactance voltage e r = d 4/d t
=-Ld i/d t (L is the inductance of the rectifier coil) is generated.

When this reactance voltage exceeds the spark generation limit voltage, sparks are generated on the outlet side end face of the brush 15, which affects the performance of the DC machine.

Here, in the case of FIG. 1, since the number of coil sides of the upper coil in the l slot is 1, the commutator 4 is moved at a distance Tβ in the direction of the arrow.
upper coil 12a2. when the brush 15 is at position B after rotating by 12a2. The actance voltage generated in the lower coil 12b2 is the same as the actance voltage generated in the upper coil 12a1 and the lower coil 12b1, and there is no variation between the rectifying coils.

Next, FIG. 2 shows a case where the number of coil sides of the upper coil in one slot is two.

The rectification of the upper coil 12a1 and the lower coil b1 ends when the brush 15 is at the point A, and the rectification of the upper coil 12c and the lower coil 12d ends at the point B, but this occurs during the rectification at points A and B. The actual actance voltage e is different.

That is, when the brush 15 is in position A, the upper coil 12
The slot leakage magnetic flux φt generated by the rectified current of a1 and the lower coil 12b0 is caused by the upper coil 12e and lower coil 12d in the same slot being short-circuited by a brush.
Since the change is suppressed, the generated actance voltage force train becomes smaller.

On the other hand, when the brush 15 is in position B, the upper coil 1
Since there are no short-circuited coils in the same slot, the reactance voltage of the slot leakage magnetic flux φt due to the rectified currents of the lower coil 12c and the lower coil 12d increases.

As a result, the rectification performance is the same as that of the upper coil 12e and the lower coil 12d.
The disadvantage is that it depends on the reactance voltage induced in the

In particular, as the number of coil sides increases, this tendency becomes more pronounced, and the width of the no-spark zone, which determines the quality of rectification performance, becomes narrower.

The purpose of the present invention is to eliminate the above-mentioned drawbacks of the prior art and to
If multiple coil sides are inserted completely into the slot,
To provide an armature for a DC machine that can improve rectification performance by equalizing the inductance of each rectifier coil.

To achieve this objective, the present invention divides the slots of the rotor core in the axial direction into integral multiples of the number of coil sides, and the circumferential position of each division is calculated by dividing the slot pitch by the number of coil sides. It is characterized in that the armature windings are wound at different pitches so that the coil sides pass through different positions within each section of the slot.

An embodiment of the present invention will be described below with reference to FIGS. 8 to 6.

FIG. 1 and FIG. 2 are a longitudinal side view and a longitudinal front view of the upper half of an example of a DC motor to which the present invention is applied.

In these figures, 1 is the yoke, 2' and 3 are the field core and commutator core fixed to the yoke 1, and 4 and 5 are the field core 2.
and a field winding and a commutator winding wound around the commutator core 3, respectively, and 6 is an end bracket attached to both open ends of the yoke 1, and the stator is It is configured.

7 is a shaft supported by the end bracket 6 via a bearing 8; 9 is an armature core fixed to the shaft 7; a large number of teeth 10 and slots 11 are provided on the outer periphery of the armature core;
is formed.

12 is an armature winding wound in the slot 11, 13 is a commutator fixed to the shaft 7, and each of these parts 7 to
13 constitutes a rotor.

A brush holder 14 is attached to the end bracket 6 and holds the brush 15 in sliding contact with the commutator 13.

When power is supplied from the outside to the armature winding 12 via the brush 15 and the commutator 13 and at the same time an exciting current is passed through the field winding 4 to generate main magnetic flux, this main magnetic flux and the armature winding 12 A driving force is generated due to the interaction with the current flowing through the armature winding 12. At this time, the current flowing through the armature winding 12 is connected to the commutator section where a part of the armature winding 12 is connected. This is reversed within the period from when the short circuit begins to be short-circuited by the brush 15 until the short-circuit ends.

At this time, a reactance voltage e is generated beside the current change d i / d t and the inductance L of the rectifier coil short-circuited by the brush 15, but as mentioned above, if this (direct) exceeds the spark generation limit voltage, Then, intense sparks are generated from the brush 15.

In order to compensate for this reactance voltage, a commutating pole consisting of a commutating pole iron core 3 and a commutating pole winding 5 is provided, but even with such compensation means, the inductance of each rectifying coil in the L slot as described above is It is difficult to compensate for all the differences in reactance voltage due to the difference.

Therefore, in this embodiment, an armature structure as shown in FIGS. 5 and 6 is used.

That is, when the number of coil sides is 2 as in this embodiment, the armature core 9 is divided into two parts along the stacking thickness direction, that is, the axial direction, and each of the two divided core parts is connected to one side. Teeth 10a1, 10a2 and slot 11 of iron core part
a1 to 11a3 and teeth 10b to 1 of the other iron core part
The 0b3 button and the slots 11b1 to 1''1b3 are arranged so that the circumferential positions thereof are shifted from each other by -slot pitch.

It is best to use the space between the two cores as a ventilation duct.

The armature winding 12 is, for example, an upper coil 12a inserted into a slot 11a2 in one of the iron cores.

12c, the upper coil 12a is located at the left position I of the slot (slot) 11 a2, and the upper coil 12
c is in the right position H, but in the other core part slot 1
1a2 and the circumferential position are respectively inserted into two slots 11b2 and 11b3 whose circumferential positions are shifted by -slot pitch in opposite directions, and the upper coil 12a is inserted at the left position of the slot 11b2, that is, one side is connected to the O iron core part. The other core portion is wound so that the coil positions are reversed within the slot.

Although a part of the upper coil has been described, other upper coils and lower coils can be wound in the same manner.

In the armature configured as described above, as shown in FIG. 7, when the brush 15 is at the position A, the slot leakage magnetic flux due to the rectified current of the upper coil 12a and the lower coil 12b is the same as that of the upper coil 12a and the lower coil 12b.

12b is the slot) In 11a, the upper coil 12c and lower coil 1 are in the left position ■ and in the right position ■ in the same slot.
2d is short-circuited by the brush 15, but in the slot 11b, the upper coil 12a and the lower coil 1
Since 2b is at the right position ■, it becomes larger.

On the contrary, in the case of the brush position B where the upper coil 12c and the lower coil 12d finish commutating, the slot leakage flux is large in the slot 11a because the upper coil 12c and the lower coil 12d are in the right position ■, but in the slot 11b Upper coil 1
2c and the lower coil 12d are in the left position ■, and the upper coil 12a and the lower coil 12 are in the right position ■ in the same slot.
Since b is short-circuited, the slot leakage magnetic flux is reduced.

As a result, the actance voltages induced in the upper coil 12a and lower coil 12b, and in the upper coil 12c and lower coil 12d become the same.

That is, since the slot leakage magnetic flux of each rectifier coil is the same, it is possible to equalize the inductance and the reactance voltage that depends on the inductance, and the non-spark zone area of each rectifier coil can be made the same.

゛In the embodiments shown in Figures 5 and 6, the case where the number of coil sides is 2 was described, but what about coils? When the number of sides is 3, the armature structure shown in FIGS. 8 and 9 may be used.

That is, the armature core 9 is divided into three parts along the stacking thickness direction, and the first and third parts are divided into three parts. Second. Each third core part includes teeth 10a1 to 10a3h and slots 11a1 to 11a3 of the first core part, and teeth 10b1 to 10b3 and slots 11b1 to 1 of the second core part.
1b3 and teeth 10c1 to 10c of the third core part
3 and the slots 11c1 to 11C3 are arranged so that the positions in the circumferential direction of the slots 11c1 to 11c3 are shifted by -slot positions, respectively.

The armature winding 12 is, for example, an upper coil 12a inserted into a slot N1a2 in the first core portion.

To explain about 12c and 12e, slot 11a2
Inside these upper coils 12a, 12c.

12e are located at the left position ■, center position ■, and right position ■, respectively, but in the second core part, the upper coil 12ae 12
c is the center position ■ and right position ■ of the slot 11b2, and the upper coil 12e is the left position ■ of the other slot 11b3.Furthermore, in the eighth iron core part, the upper coil 12a is the center position ■ and the right position ■
1c2, the upper coils 12c and 12e are located at the left position (■) and the center position (■) of the slot 11c3, that is, the upper coils 12a to 12c are located at each position I, II, in the slot of the first to third iron core portions. It is wound so that it passes all the way through III.

Note that the other upper coils and lower coils are wound in the same manner.

Therefore, even in the case of this embodiment in which the number of coil sides is 3, the slot leakage flux of each rectifier coil is the same as in the case of the above embodiment in which the number of coil sides is 2, and the same effect can be obtained. can.

Further, in each of the above embodiments, the case where the coil sides are stacked horizontally has been described, but the same can be applied to the case where the coil sides are stacked vertically as shown in FIGS. 10 to 12.

That is, for example, if we look at the upper coils 12a and 12c inserted into the slot 11a2 of one of the iron cores, within the slot 11a2, the upper coil 12a is at the uppermost position ■ in the same slot, and the upper coil 12c is at the upper position H. , in the other core part, different slots 11b2 and 11
b3 respectively, and the upper coil 12a is inserted into the slot 11.
b2 upper position ■, upper coil 12C is slot 11b3
It will be the uppermost position.

In other words, the position 1.000 and the other iron core portion are at position 1.000 in the slot. The wires are wound so that lI are opposite to each other.

Note that the lower coils 12b and 12d are similarly wound so that their positions within the slots, the box lower position (2), and the lowermost position (2) are reversed.

In this vertical stacking, the rectification state when the number of coil sides is 2 is the first
It is shown in Figure 8.

Also in this embodiment, as can be seen from FIG. 13, the upper coil 12a and the lower coil 12 at the brush position A
The slot leakage magnetic fluxes of the rectifying coil consisting of B and the rectifying coil consisting of the upper coil 12c and lower coil 12d at brush position B are the same in one shift, and the same effect as in the case of horizontal stacking can be obtained.

Above, the number of coil sides of the upper coil and lower coil is 2 or 3, and the coil sides are horizontally stacked and vertically stacked (11 cases).However, even if the number of coil sides increases, the armature core A similar effect can be obtained by increasing the number of axial divisions and sequentially shifting the position of the armature winding in each core portion using the same method as described above.

As described above, according to the present invention, the non-spark zone area of each rectifier coil can be made the same, and the overall non-spark zone can be significantly increased.

Furthermore, since the positions of the teeth of the armature core are sequentially shifted in the axial direction, magnetic vibration and noise due to the influence of slot ripple can be reduced.

[Brief explanation of drawings]

Figures 1 and 2 are explanatory diagrams showing each rectification state when the number of coil sides of a conventional armature is 1 and 2,
4 and 4 are a longitudinal side view and a longitudinal front view of the upper half of an example of a DC machine to which the present invention is applied, and FIGS. 5 and 6 are main points of an armature according to an embodiment of the present invention. 7 is an explanatory diagram showing the rectification state of the armature shown in FIGS. 5 and 6; FIGS. 8 and 9 are related to other embodiments of the present invention; FIG. A sectional view and a side view of the main parts of an electric snorer, FIG. 10 is a side view of the main parts of an armature according to still another embodiment of the present invention, FIG. 11 is a sectional view taken along the line X-X in FIG. 10, 12 is a sectional view taken along the line Y--Y in FIG. 10, and FIG. 13 is an explanatory diagram showing the rectifying state of the armature shown in FIGS. 10 to 12. 9... Armature core, 10.10a1 to 10a3
゜10 bl ~ 10b3, 10c1 ~ 10c3
...Teeth, 11, 11a1-11a3.
11b1-1 l b3. 11 c, ~11 c3
”-slot, 12...armature winding, 12a,
12c= 12e'=・°゛Top coil, 12b, 12
d, 12f...Lower coil O

Claims (1)

[Claims] 1. A rotor core having a large number of slots, and an armature winding consisting of an upper coil and a lower coil having a plurality of coil sides wound in the slots of the rotor core. In the coil, the slot is divided into sections in the axial direction into integral multiples of the number of coil sides, and the circumferential position of each section is varied by a pitch equal to the slot pitch divided by the number of coil sides. An armature for a DC machine, characterized in that the armature winding is wound so that a side passes through different positions in each section of the slot. 2. A DC machine according to claim 1, characterized in that the divided positions of the slots correspond to ventilation ducts, and the coil sides are bent by the ventilation ducts and inserted into each division of the slots. armature.