JPS5940189B2 - Dispersant for dispersed fuel - Google Patents

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to a dispersant for dispersed fuel, and more particularly to a dispersant for dispersed fuel for dispersing fine coal powder in hydrocarbon oil.

Petroleum is an energy source that is currently used in large quantities, but because its reserves are limited and consumption is large, there are concerns that it will run out soon.

Nuclear power and coal are said to be the alternatives, but as the use of nuclear power is not progressing as expected, it is essential to make effective use of coal, which exists in abundance around the world, from the perspective of ensuring energy stability. This is necessary, and efforts are being made to develop technologies for coal gasification and liquefaction, but it is expected that it will still take a considerable amount of time for practical application.

On the other hand, distributed fuel has been attracting attention as a technology that could be put to practical use in the very near future.

In other words, fine coal powder is mixed with hydrocarbon oil and a dispersant is added to maintain it in a homogeneous state for a long period of time.

Such dispersed fuels can be combusted in the same way as ordinary liquid fuels, and are particularly promising for thermal power reactors and large boilers that burn large amounts of crude oil or heavy oil, as they can save on crude oil.

However, the dispersion fuel that has been studied so far is one that mixes fine coal powder, hydrocarbon oil, and water to form a gel or thixotropic emulsion (Japanese Patent Publication No. 40-1269, Japanese Patent Application Laid-open No. 51-66302). ), is said to be effective in reducing nitrogen oxides in exhaust gas, etc.
This causes a decrease in combustion efficiency and is disadvantageous in terms of cost for mass transportation.

The present inventors have discovered a dispersant for dispersed fuel that can stably disperse fine coal powder in hydrocarbon oil without adding water as described above.

That is, the present invention involves long-term dispersion of fine coal powder, which consists of a mixture of (a) an α-sulfo fatty acid or a salt thereof or an α-sulfo fatty acid ester or a salt thereof, and (b) a phosphoric acid ester or a salt thereof, into a hydrocarbon oil. This is a dispersant for dispersed fuel for stable dispersion over a period of time.

The α-sulfo fatty acid or its salt used as component a of the dispersant of the present invention is a sulfonated product of a saturated fatty acid derived from synthetic or natural oil or a metal salt or amine salt thereof, and is also used as component a. The sulfo fatty acid ester or its salt is a lower alkyl ester of the above-mentioned sulfonated product, or a metal salt or amine salt thereof.

The saturated fatty acids in this case are, for example, caprylic acid, lauric acid, myristic acid, palmitic acid, stearic acid, behenic acid, hydrogenated coconut oil fatty acid, hydrogenated beef tallow fatty acid, hydrogenated palm oil fatty acid, and isostearic acid.

The lower alkyl esters are methyl, ethyl, propyl, inglovir, n-butyl, inbutyl or amyl esters of the above sulfonates.

On the other hand, the phosphoric acid ester or its salt as component b is a phosphoric acid ester of a monohydric or polyhydric alcohol, i.e., n-octyl alcohol, 2-ethylhexyl alcohol, lauryl alcohol, stearyl alcohol, ethylene glycol, furopylene gellicol. , phosphate esters such as glycerin, pentaerythritol, and sorbitol, as well as compounds with active hydrogen such as these alcohols, alkylphenols, fatty acids, fatty acid amides, fatty acid partial esters of polyhydric alcohols, amines, and alkylene oxides such as ethylene oxide and propylene oxide. There are phosphoric acid esters of compounds added with , or their metal salts and amine salts.

The metal salts of the sulfonated products and their esters and phosphate ester compounds include lithium, sodium, potassium, magnesium, calcium, barium, zinc, aluminum, lead, tin, copper, chromium, manganese,
Various metal salts such as iron, cobalt, and nickel are used, and amine salts include ammonia, methylamine, butylamine, dodecylamine, diptylamine, dimethyldodecylamine, ethylenediamine, diethylenetriamine, monoethanolamine, jetanolamine, triethanolamine, aniline, Various aliphatic and aromatic amine salts such as benzylamine are used.

The dispersant of the present invention can be applied to coal from any production area, and the particle size of the fine coal powder is suitably 1 to 100 microns.

The hydrocarbon oil has a pour point of 50° C. or lower and a boiling point of 30° C. or higher, and may be crude oil, light oil, or heavy oil, and may be from any production area.

In order to produce a fuel composition using the dispersant of the present invention, the dispersant can be thoroughly dissolved in hydrocarbon oil and then mixed with fine coal powder by stirring, or a three-way injection pump can be used to prepare the fuel composition. It is obtained by stirring and mixing at a constant mixing ratio.

The stirrer used for mixing is not particularly limited, but commonly used ones such as an ylcolloid mill, a homogenizer, and an ultrasonic stirrer are preferred.

The composition of the dispersed fuel composition produced by the above method is 10 to 90% by weight of fine coal powder and 10 to 90% by weight of hydrocarbon oil.
% by weight, the dispersant is 0.01 to 5% by weight, preferably the fine coal powder is 40 to 70% by weight, and the hydrocarbon oil is 30 to 5% by weight.
60% by weight, and 0.1-2% by weight of the dispersant.

The mixing weight ratio of (a) α-sulfo fatty acid or its salt or α-sulfo fatty acid ester or its salt and (b) phosphoric acid ester or its salt used as a dispersant is a/b-1/10 ~ A ratio of 10/1 is preferred and shows significantly better dispersion stability than when each is used alone.

Although most of the dispersed fuel compositions obtained using the dispersant of the present invention are in liquid form, some have a thixotropic gel form.

A substance exhibiting a thixotropic gel-like state will maintain its gel-like state even if the container is broken or overturned and spilled, and will not spread over a wide area.

Furthermore, it becomes easily fluid when stirred with a small amount of force, and can be transported through pipes.

Next, the present invention will be explained with reference to Examples and Comparative Examples.

Examples 1 to 20 and Comparative Examples 1 to 23 A dispersant was added to a hydrocarbon oil (C heavy oil from the Middle East: pour point 15°C or crude oil from Indonesia: pour point 35°C or heavy oil from Indonesia: pour point 48°C), Thoroughly dissolve the mixture while heating, add pulverized Hongei charcoal and Datong charcoal (particle size of both 33 to 74μ), and mix vigorously for 5 minutes at 8000 to 110000 rpm using a homogenizer to obtain a dispersed fuel composition. Ta.

The stability of the obtained dispersed fuel composition was measured at a predetermined temperature, and the results are shown in Tables 1 to 5.

The stability was determined to be stable when it could be stirred lightly with a glass rod without resistance, and the number of days until stirring became impossible was measured.

In Comparative Examples, a nonionic surfactant often used as a dispersant, α-sulfo fatty acid or its salt, α-sulfo fatty acid ester or its salt, and phosphoric acid ester or its salt were used individually.

Note (1), (2) Same as Table 1 Note (1), (2) Same as Table 1 As is clear from Tables 1 and 2, the dispersant of the present invention containing both components a and b is used. All of Examples 1 to 20 had a dispersion stability of 3 months or more, and had sufficient practicality in long-term storage such as transportation and tank storage.

On the other hand, the comparative examples using component a and component b alone as shown in Coating 3 and Table 4 achieved a certain degree of stability, but did not reach the performance of the dispersant of the present invention, and as shown in Table 5. In a comparative example using a nonionic surfactant that is commonly used for dispersion, sedimentation and compaction occurred within one day, and dispersion stability could not be obtained.

Claims (1)

[Scope of Claims] 1. Fine coal powder consisting of (a) α-sulfo fatty acid or salt thereof, or α-sulfo fatty acid ester or salt thereof, and (b) phosphoric acid ester or salt thereof, dispersed in hydrocarbon oil. Dispersant for dispersed fuel. The dispersant according to claim 1, wherein the mixing weight ratio of 2a/b is 1/10 to 10/1.