JPH0255021B2 - - Google Patents

Description

[Detailed description of the invention]

The present invention relates to a granular formulation of alginate which is rapidly soluble in water for fish farming. Farmed fish such as yellowtail and sea bream are raised in relatively large quantities using raw food such as sardines, saury, and mackerel, which can be obtained economically and inexpensively.
These live baits are fed according to the growth period of the farmed fish, in the form of minced meat when the fish are young, and once they have grown to a certain extent, they are fed in the form of whole baits or pieces. Raw feed is a nutritionally balanced feed, but it is not sufficient on its own, and various vitamins, minerals, antibacterial agents, etc. are added for the purpose of promoting growth, disease prevention, treatment, etc. When adding these additives to minced meat,
For example, the additives are sprinkled evenly on fresh fish, thawed fish, frozen fish, etc. and passed through a crusher to ensure that the additives are evenly mixed into the minced fish, but the amount of additives added to live bait is very small. Care is taken to reduce variation in mixing by diluting with appropriate excipients.
Mince itself has a certain degree of cohesiveness, and when fed, it does not immediately disperse in seawater and maintains a certain shape, so most of it is eaten by farmed fish. However, it still dissipates to a considerable extent, resulting in loss of additives and contamination of fish farms. Therefore, sticky substances such as wheat flour, starch, gluten, and natural thickening agents are often used as excipients. If such a sticky excipient is used,
The minced meat is less likely to dissipate, and the additives are effectively ingested. However, when adding additives to whole or cut baits, they are simply sprinkled on the surface. When whole bait or piece bait is fresh or thawed fish, the surface of the bait is wet, and if a sticky excipient is used, it will adhere to the surface of the bait, but if you cast it, the bait will quickly disappear in the seawater. The additives often come off from the body surface, wasting most of the additives, and contaminating fish farms. Furthermore, if the whole bait or cut bait is frozen fish, even sticky excipients will not stick to the bait at all, so additives cannot be used. The method of feeding frozen fish with whole bait or cut bait has started to increase recently because it saves the trouble of thawing, does not contaminate fish farms with red water, etc., and is highly efficient as a feed source. However, as mentioned above, in the case of whole bait or cut bait, regardless of whether it is fresh fish, thawed fish, or frozen fish, additives cannot be added at all, or even if they are added, it is often a waste. Therefore, even for farmed fish that have grown to a certain extent and feed on whole or chopped bait, if it is necessary to administer vitamins or antibacterial agents, the raw bait must be minced.
It is added and mixed with this and administered. Alginic acid is a hydrophilic polymeric substance obtained from brown algae, but when its alkali metal salts such as sodium salts and potassium salts or ammonium salts are dissolved in water to an appropriate concentration, it becomes a viscous water paste-like substance. It becomes a solution. When this solution comes into contact with calcium ions in seawater, calcium alginate is produced and gelled. Attempts have been made to utilize the properties of alginates to add additives to whole baits and chopped baits. In other words, when an additive is mixed with an aqueous solution of sodium alginate, and this solution is sprinkled on the surface of whole bait or cut bait to make it adhere, the sodium alginate reacts with calcium and gels, forming a jelly film. The additives are effectively ingested by farmed fish without being dissipated into seawater. However, since alkali metal salts and ammonium salts of alginic acid are hydrophilic polymeric substances that are highly hydrated, it takes time and effort to prepare a uniform aqueous solution.
For example, when sodium alginate is added to water to prepare an aqueous solution, it immediately becomes lumpy and takes a long time to dissolve. To prevent this, you can use a strong stirrer, add the sodium alginate in very small portions, add the sodium alginate little by little to warm water while stirring with a stirrer, or moisten the sodium alginate with ethanol or propylene glycol before adding it to the water. Addition methods are commonly used. However, these methods require special machines or are complicated to use solvents, and are difficult to implement due to the actual situation of feed preparation in aquaculture farms. Bait casting is carried out by loading live bait onto a fish boat and transporting it to the fish tank, and the amount loaded per boat can range from several tons to more than a dozen tons at a time. The processing and preparation of live bait is carried out on the quayside of the port or on board the ship, with the intention of loading it onto a fishing boat. The time required to cast bait varies depending on the size and number of cages, but it usually takes several hours, so the work to prepare live bait begins early in the morning. Under such conditions, it is extremely inconvenient to prepare a large amount of alginate aqueous solution by a laborious method. The inventors of the present invention conducted extensive research to solve these problems, and found that by forming alginate into granules of an appropriate size using easily water-soluble saccharides, it was possible to quickly dissolve and easily form a uniform solution in cold water. The present invention was completed by discovering that alginate preparations that can be prepared can be obtained. The present invention provides an alkali metal salt of alginic acid and/or
or ammonium salt (hereinafter referred to as alginate)
10-95% by weight and 5-90% by weight of sugar, sugar alcohol, dextrin and/or alpha starch, 180
This is an alginate granule formulation for fish farming that is rapidly soluble in cold water and is characterized by having a particle size of ~1000μ. As the alkali metal salt of alginic acid in the present invention, sodium salt and potassium salt of alginic acid are used. Examples of sugars include lactose, sucrose, glucose, maltose, and oligosaccharides; examples of sugar alcohols include D-sorbitol, mannitol, and maltitol. Dextrin refers to starch decomposition products that are soluble in cold water. These may be used alone or in combination of two or more. As the alginate, sodium alginate is advantageous because it is easily available. Commercially available alginate has a small particle size, with more than 50% having a particle size of 180μ or less. When such alginates are added to water, even if they are added very carefully and in small quantities, the parts that come into contact with the water absorb water, become glue-like, and clump together.
It takes a very long time to get into a sticky state and dissolve. Normally, in order to increase the dissolution rate, it is preferable to reduce the particle size and increase the surface area to increase the contact area with water, but this method has the opposite effect with alginates. Even when finely powdered alginate is added to water, it is difficult to disperse, and the part of the fine powder on the surface that comes into contact with water dissolves immediately, but this acts as a strong glue and the whole powder forms a large lump, creating a highly viscous surface. Since the mixture is covered with a glue-like film, even if it is vigorously stirred, it will not be dispersed into individual particles, but will only dissolve little by little from the surface of the lump. Since the formulation of the present invention has a relatively large particle size of 180 to 1000μ, it has good fluidity in the formulation state. When added to water, it absorbs water from the parts that come into contact with water, just like fine powder, but since the particle size is large and the surface area is small, the entire particle will not dissolve in a very short time, and it can be stirred slowly. Individual particles are dispersed and do not remain in a lumpy state, and a homogeneous solution can be easily obtained in a short time. The particle size of the formulation of the present invention is 180-1000μ,
Even if particles with a size of 180 μ or less are included, as long as they are within 10%, they will not affect the effectiveness much. However, if more than this is included, even gentle stirring will result in a lumpy state. Particles having a particle size of 1000 μm or more have a positive effect on dispersion, but are not preferable because it takes time for the particles themselves to dissolve. The formulation of the invention is obtained by granulating a mixture of alginate and sugar, sugar alcohol, dextrin and/or alpha starch. Granules can be prepared by normal wet granulation methods,
Fluidized bed granulation method, in which powder is suspended and fluidized in the air and then granulated by scattering a liquid; agitation granulation method, in which powder is dispersed and granulated while stirring at high speed; and liquid is granulated by rolling the powder. It is preferable to use a method such as a rolling granulation method in which particles are dispersed and granulated. Sugars, sugar alcohols, dextrins or alpha starch act as binders during the granulation of alginates. Alginate has a strong hydration power, and when water is added during granulation, only the area on which water is applied will absorb water, and because it strongly captures water and does not let it go, it will not disperse uniformly to other areas, so alginate alone cannot be used for granulation. The necessary binding force does not occur. Also, if excessive water is added to create a cohesive force throughout the product, it will become a large lump. The surface of sugar, sugar alcohol, dextrin, or alpha starch dissolves when water is added, creating adhesive strength, so a mixture of these and alginate can be easily made into granules by the above-mentioned granulation method. . sugar, sugar alcohol, dextrin and/or alpha
The amount of starch added is 5 to 90% by weight. If the amount added is less than this, the granulation effect will not be sufficiently exerted, and if the amount added is increased, the granulation property will improve, but since the content of alginate will decrease, it is not economical if it exceeds 90% by weight. In addition to the granulation effect, sugar, sugar alcohol, dextrin, or alpha starch has the effect of preventing alginate particles from coming into contact with each other, and preventing a lumpy state when added to water. The preparation of the present invention is usually used by dissolving it in water to form a viscous alginate aqueous solution, and then adding additives such as vitamins, minerals, antibacterial agents, etc. to prepare a uniform solution or suspension. Alternatively, a method may be adopted in which additives are mixed with the formulation of the present invention and added to water to prepare a uniform solution or suspension. The concentration of the aqueous solution of the formulation of the present invention varies depending on the content of alginate in the formulation of the present invention and the degree of polymerization of the alginate, but the viscosity of the aqueous alginate solution is 200 to
It is preferable that it exhibits a value of about 10,000 centipoise, that is, about 0.6 to 3% as an alginate. The concentration of the aqueous solution used is not limited to this range, and solutions with even higher concentrations can be easily prepared. The prepared solution or suspension is sprinkled on whole bait or chopped bait and cast, and is effectively ingested by farmed fish. It is also effective to mix this liquid with mince and feed it. Example 1 2.5 kg of sodium alginate, 1.25 kg of lactose, and 1.25 kg of D-sorbit were charged into a fluidized bed granulator with a fluidized tank capacity of 20, mixed for 2 minutes, and then water was sprayed as a binding liquid while the powder was suspended and fluidized. Grainy. When the granules reach an appropriate size, stop spraying and dry. The amount of water sprayed is 1290ml.
After drying, the granulated product was allowed to cool and was sieved through a 1000μ sieve, and 2.6% of the particles were found to have a particle size of 1000μ or more.
When we measure the particle size of the part that has passed through, it is 180~
97.2% of the particles were 1000μ, and 2.8% were particles of 180μ or less (Product 1 of the present invention). Example 2 Sodium alginate 0.5Kg and dextrin (trade name Pinedex #3, manufactured by Matsutani Chemical Co., Ltd.) 4.5
Kg is charged into a fluidized bed granulator and granulated in the same manner as in Example 1. The amount of water sprayed is 720ml. When the granulated product was sieved through a 1000μ sieve, 0.4% of the particles were found to have a particle size of 1000μ or more. When measuring the particle size of the part that passed through, 99.5% of the particles were 180-1000μ.
Particles with a size of 180μ or less were 0.5% (product 2 of the present invention). Example 3 Sodium alginate 4.75Kg and alpha starch 0.2Kg
was charged into a fluidized bed granulator, and granulated by spraying a 5% α-starch aqueous solution as a binding liquid. Spray amount of binding liquid
Stop at 1000ml and dry. When the granules were sieved through a 1000μ sieve, 5.2% of the particles were found to have a particle size of 1000μ or more. When measuring the particle size of the part that has passed through,
87.7% of particles are 180-1000μ, particles less than 180μ
It was 12.3%. A formulation was prepared by excluding particles of 180 μm or less (product 3 of the present invention). Example 4 Sodium alginate 2.4Kg, lactose 1.0Kg and D
-Pour 0.6 kg of Sorbit into a stirring granulator with a stirring tank capacity of 24, mix for 5 minutes, and then spray water as a binding liquid while stirring to granulate. Water spray amount is 600ml
It is. The granules were fluidized and dried, and then sieved through a 1000μ sieve, and 6.7% of the particles were found to have a particle size of 1000μ or more. When the particle size of the portion that passed through was measured, 92.1% of the particles were 180 to 1000μ, and 7.9% were particles of 180μ or less. A preparation was prepared by excluding particles of 180 μm or less (invention product 4). Example 5 2.5 kg of potassium alginate, 1.0 kg of lactose, 1.0 kg of D-sorbitol and 0.5 kg of α-starch are charged into a fluidized bed granulator and granulated in the same manner as in Example 1. The amount of water sprayed is 1200ml. When the granules were sieved through a 1000μ sieve, 4.3% of the particles had a particle size of 1000μ or more. When measuring the particle size of the part that has passed through,
96.7% of particles are 180-1000μ, particles less than 180μ
It was 3.3% (product 5 of the present invention). Comparative Example 1 5.0 kg of sodium alginate is charged into a fluidized bed granulator, and water is sprayed as a binding liquid while the powder is suspended and fluidized. Even when the amount of water sprayed reached 2000ml, the particle size hardly increased, so 2500ml
When it becomes dry, stop spraying and let it dry. When the granules were sieved through a 1000μ sieve, 7.2% of the particles had a particle size of 1000μ or more. When measuring the particle size of the part that passed through, 62.3% of the particles were 180-1000μ.
Particles with a size of 180μ or less accounted for 37.7%. A formulation was prepared by excluding particles of 180μ or less (Comparative product 1). Comparative Example 2 4.0 kg of sodium alginate was charged into a stirring granulator, and 5% D-sorbitol aqueous solution was sprayed on the machine while stirring to granulate it. When the spray liquid was stopped at 1800 ml and the granules were fluidized and dried, they were sieved through a 1000 μm sieve, and 21.5% of the particles were found to have a particle size of 1000 μm or more. When the particle size of the portion that passed through was measured, 70.9% of the particles were 180 to 1000μ, and 29.1% were particles smaller than 180μ.
Therefore, a formulation was prepared by excluding particles of 180μ or less (comparative product 2). Experimental Example 1 The granule preparations obtained in Examples 1 to 5 and Comparative Examples 1 and 2 were sieved through a 60-mesh (250 μ) sieve screen, and each 10 g of the granule preparations remaining on the screen was packed into a 500 ml polyethylene bag and air-filled. After filling the tube with enough air to inflate it, it was heat-sealed and shaken vigorously 100 times to give it a shock. Then, the granule preparation treated in this way is
The amount passing through a 60-mesh sieve was determined and used as the pulverization rate. The experiment was repeated twice. The results are shown in the table below. When granulated with alginate alone or with less than 5% binder added to alginate, the granules are easily broken by impact. On the other hand, it is known that the product of the present invention has strong granules that do not break even on impact.

[Table] Experimental example 2 Put 500ml of water in a 1 volume beaker and make a diameter of 4cm.
Using a stirrer with a propeller, keep the water temperature at about 20℃ while stirring at a constant speed (rotation speed 200 rpm).
10 g of the granule formulation of Inventive Product 1 was added in about 2 to 3 seconds. The formulation was dispersed in water without becoming lumpy, and when stirring was continued, it completely dissolved in 10 minutes to obtain a viscous solution. The viscosity of this solution was 510 cp. For comparison, 5 g of commercially available sodium alginate powder (contains 98% particles with a particle size of 180μ or less)
When a dissolution test was conducted in the same manner using
When the powder was added to water, it immediately turned into a lumpy state, and although stirring was continued, a gel-like mass remained even after 2 hours. Experimental Example 3 A dissolution test was conducted in the same manner as in Experimental Example 2 using 10 g of the granule preparation of Invention Product 4, and it was completely dissolved in 10 minutes to obtain a viscous solution. The viscosity of this solution was 1250 cp. When a dissolution test was conducted using 6 g of the granule formulation of Comparative Product 1, the particles adhered to each other in water and formed small clumps, and it took 30 minutes to completely dissolve. In addition, when a dissolution test was conducted using 10 g of a preparation prepared by mixing 85 parts by weight of the granule preparation of Invention Product 4 with 15 parts by weight of particles with a particle size of 180 μ or less obtained in Example 4, most of the particles were dispersed in water. , a part of it remained in a sticky state, and it took one hour to completely dissolve it. Example 6 440 g of the granule preparation of the product 1 of the present invention and 560 g of a preparation of vitamin B ₁ coated with hydrogenated oil were mixed to obtain 1 kg of the preparation. Pour 10 ml of water into a 20-volume stainless steel tank and adjust the rotation speed using a stirrer with a 7 cm diameter propeller.
While stirring at 300 rpm, 450 g of the above formulation was added in 1 minute. The formulation was dispersed in water without becoming lumpy and completely dissolved in 15 minutes, resulting in a viscous suspension. The viscosity of this liquid was 670 cp. 10 ml of this suspension was sprinkled evenly over the surface of 1 kg of frozen sardines. At this time vitamin B ₁
The amount added will be 5mg/Kg. Pour 20ml of artificial seawater into a stainless steel tank, add 1 kg of sardines, stir gently for 1 minute, pull out the sardines, pass through a shredder to mince them evenly, and measure the amount of remaining vitamin B1, which is _41mg / Kg
The recovery rate was 82%. As mentioned above,
It was confirmed that additives could be effectively added to frozen live feed by using the product of the present invention.

Claims (1)

[Claims] 1 Alginic acid alkali metal salt and/or ammonium salt 10 to 95% by weight, sugar, sugar alcohol,
An alginate granule preparation for fish farming which is rapidly soluble in cold water and is characterized by comprising 5 to 90% by weight of dextrin and/or alpha starch and having a particle size of 180 to 1000μ.