JPH0374726B2 - - Google Patents

Description

[Detailed Description of the Invention] [Industrial Application Field] The present invention relates to a retaining wall in which a front plate is laminated and fixed to the front part of a structure formed by connecting and fixing several types of steel shapes in civil engineering work. This relates to construction methods.

[Prior Art] One of the most common types of civil engineering work is retaining wall construction for earth retaining, bank protection, waterways, etc. Conventionally, there are various construction methods of this kind, such as the gravity method, structural method, interstitial stone method, concrete sheet pile method, and terre arme method, but these methods require experienced professionals such as masons and temporary frame carpenters. In addition to requiring a lot of work, it was difficult to shorten the construction period, the construction costs were high, and there were many problems after completion, and they were especially vulnerable to disasters such as floods and earthquakes.

Therefore, the present inventor proposed a retaining wall construction method disclosed in Japanese Patent Publication No. 57-52456 in order to eliminate the above-mentioned drawbacks.

[Problems to be Solved by the Invention] However, in the retaining wall construction method disclosed in the above-mentioned Japanese Patent Publication No. 57-52456, the retaining frame of a predetermined shape constituting the structure is bonded and fixed with steel materials in advance by factory processing. There is a problem that the process is complicated because it needs to be formed, and the formed restraining frame must be transported to the construction site, so the transportation cost is high because the restraining frame is relatively heavy. However, there was a problem in that the construction cost was very high.

The present invention aims to solve such problems.

[Means for solving the problems] In order to solve the above problems, the present invention provides a T-shaped steel,
Using standardized steel shapes such as scalene type steel, underground beams are drilled into upright plates with connecting holes planted in the substrate, and connecting holes are protruded between the substrates. Pillar material drilled in an upright board, bracing material drilled at both ends of a vertical board with through holes for connection installed vertically on the board, and vertical board with through holes for connection installed vertically on the board. Reinforcement beams that are longer than the underground beams drilled in the ground, and a front plate with a concave cross section by pouring concrete into the reinforcing section, which is made of flat steel with connecting holes drilled at both ends, are constructed at the factory. After forming these in advance by processing and transporting them to the construction site, multiple underground beams are horizontally fixed at predetermined intervals at the base of the construction site, and then the pillars are placed on top of the underground beams for each connection. Insert bolts into the through-holes and secure them with nuts, and then install the bracing materials between the underground beams and columns through the through-holes for each connection, and secure them with nuts as necessary. Depending on the situation, reinforcing beams are inserted into the columns and fixed with nuts by inserting bolts through the connecting holes, and an independent or continuous anchor member is formed by pouring concrete behind the reinforcing beams. , at least one stage of underground beams or reinforcing beams is made to protrude rearward to form a structure, and a plurality of front plates are installed in front of the pillars of the structure adjacent to each other, each with a through hole for connection. It is characterized by the fact that bolts are inserted through them and they are fixed with nuts and stacked.

[Operation] According to the present invention having the above-mentioned characteristics, underground beam materials, pillar materials, bracing materials, reinforcing beam materials, and front plates processed in advance at a factory are transported to the construction site, and predetermined according to the conditions at the construction site. A structure with a certain height and width is formed, and the rear front plate is laminated and fixed to the front of the pillars of the structure. Because of its protruding shape, this serves as the bottom plate in the retaining wall's indestructible principle and maintains its strength.

[Example] In general, in a retaining wall, the force acting on the back surface of the retaining wall due to load or pressure is a force acting on the back surface of the retaining wall W in the direction of the arrow as shown in Fig. 1, and the magnitude of the force is The force increases as the length of the arrow increases, and as shown in Figure 1, the force is concentrated at about one-third of the bottom surface. The principle of the retaining wall W not to fall is shown in Fig. 2. When a person presses the retaining wall W with the fixed bottom plate B with his/her hand, the more the force is applied, the more the retaining wall W is pressed against the bottom plate B by the foot. A force equivalent to the pressing force against the wall W is applied, and the respective forces cancel each other out, so that the retaining wall W does not collapse. The present invention is realized by utilizing the principle that the retaining wall W does not collapse.

An example of the implementation of the construction method of the present invention will be explained in detail with reference to the drawings.The present invention involves fixing an underground beam material 1 of a predetermined length with foundation concrete, sacrificial concrete, pine log anchors, etc. A pillar material 2 of a predetermined length is planted and fixed on the material 1, and a brace material 3 is connected and fixed between the underground beam material 1 and the pillar material 2 to form a structure 4, and this structure 4 is fixed to a predetermined length. A plurality of front plates 7 are fixedly installed at intervals at a construction site, and a plurality of front plates 7 formed by pouring concrete 6 into reinforcement parts 5 are stacked and fixed on the front surface of each of these structures 4. do.

The underground beam material 1 constituting the structure 4 has an upright plate 8
However, in the embodiment, it is formed by inverting the T-shaped steel 9'. That is,
The underground beam material 1 is formed by boring through holes 11 at equal intervals in an upright plate 8 planted at right angles to the center of a base plate 10.

Further, the column 2 constituting the structure 4 is also formed of a section steel 13 having an upright plate 12, but in the embodiment, it is formed by standing a T-shaped steel 13'.
That is, the pillar material 2 has through holes 15 formed at equal intervals on both sides of the base plate 14, and one side of the pillar material 2 is formed in the center of the base plate 14 so as to be lower than the base plate 14 by the height H of the upright plate 8 of the underground beam material 1. An upright plate 12 with a protruding portion 12a protruding toward the ground is provided to protrude at right angles, and through holes 16 are erected from the end of the protruding portion 12a at the same intervals as the through holes 11 of the upright plate 8 of the underground beam material 1. It is formed by perforating the plate 12.

Furthermore, the bracing material 3 constituting the structure 4
It is also made of a steel profile 18 having a vertical plate 17, but in this embodiment it is made of a scalene profile steel 18'. That is, the bracing material 3 is formed by punching through holes 20 at both ends of a vertical plate 17 that is perpendicularly disposed from one end edge of the substrate 19.

The underground beams 1, pillars 2, and braces 3 that make up the structure 4 must be galvanized and rust-proofed.

The structure 4 consists of underground beams 1, pillars 2, and braces 3 of a predetermined length depending on the width, height, etc. of the construction site.
Fig. 3 is an exploded perspective view showing the basic connection state, in which the protrusion 12a of the column 2 is connected and fixed to the upright plate 8 of the underground beam 1. The upright plate 12 of the column material 2 is slidably contacted with the through hole 11 of any of the upright plates 8 of the underground beam material 1 of a predetermined length.
The bolts 2 are inserted into each of the through holes 11 and 16a by aligning them with the through holes 16a drilled at the ends of the protruding parts 12a.
1 and fix it with a nut 22. And 1
Although only the real brace members 3 may be used, it is preferable to use two brace members 3 symmetrically as shown in FIG.
The upright plate 8 of the underground beam 1 and the upright plate 12 of the column 2 are sandwiched between each vertical plate 17, and the through hole 20 bored in the vertical plate 17 of each brace 3 and the underground beam The through holes 11 and 20 are made to match one of the through holes 11 drilled in large numbers in the upright plate 8 of the column 1 and one of the through holes 16 bored in large numbers in the upright plate 12 of the pillar material 2, respectively. Insert the bolt 21 into the through holes 16 and 20 and tighten the nut 2.
2, the column 2 is planted on the underground beam 1 at a right angle or inclined at a predetermined angle, and the brace 3 is used to fix the column 2 to the underground beam 1 at a predetermined angle. The structure 4 shown in FIG. 4 is formed by being securely held in place, and at the construction site, it is planted and fixed in the local soil in the form shown in FIG.

It is preferable that the front plate 7 stacked and fixed on the front side of the plurality of structures 4 has a substantially concave cross section, and FIG. 6 is a perspective view showing a preferable example thereof, and FIG. FIG. 3 is a perspective view showing the state of the reinforcement section 5. FIG.

That is, the expanded metal 23 is bent into a concave shape, reinforcing round bars 24 are arranged and fixed in the upper longitudinal direction, and flat bars 25 are stretched and fixed on both side edges of the round bars 24. A through hole 26 having approximately the same diameter as the through hole 15 is drilled in the center of the flat bar 25, and concrete 6 is poured into the reinforcing portion 5 to expose a portion of each flat bar 25 and form a concave cross section. A front plate 7 is formed. The height H' of this front plate 7 needs to match the spacing between the through holes 15 of the pillar material 2. As a result, a plurality of front plates 7 are stacked on the front part of the pillars 2 of the structure 4 fixed at the construction site at the same intervals as the length L of the front plates 7 as shown in FIGS. 8 and 9. , the through holes 26 of each flat bar 25 of the front plate 7 and the substrates 1 of the adjacent pillars 2 of each structure 4.
4, and insert the bolts 27 by hand through the openings 28 on the lower surface of the flat bar 25 of the front plate 7. It is fixed at 29.

If necessary, for example, if it is necessary to make the column 2 higher, or if only a short underground beam 1 can be fixed to the local soil, the internal friction angle of the local soil,
It is necessary to fix the reinforcing beam member 30, which penetrates deeply into the so-called angle of repose, to the column member 2. An anchor member 32 having an enlarged portion 31 is provided at the rear end of this reinforcing beam member 30.
is formed by pouring concrete at the construction site, and the reinforcing beam 30 is parallel to the underground beam 1 and protrudes rearward from the rear end of the underground beam 1, as shown in FIG. In this way, the front end of the reinforcing beam 30 is fixed to a predetermined position of the column 2, and thereby the reinforcing beam 30 plays the role of the bottom plate B in the retaining wall principle shown in FIG. 2. It is.

The reinforcing beam material 30 does not need to be particularly limited, but it is recommended that it is preferably formed of a shaped steel 34 having a vertical plate 33.
It is formed of shaped steel 34'. That is, the reinforcing beam material 30 is placed in the center of the base plate 35, which is longer than the underground beam material 1, and the front side is at the height of the upright plate 12 of the column material 2.
A vertical plate 33 with a protrusion 33a protruding from the substrate 35 by an amount H'' is vertically installed, and the protrusion 33
Upright plates 12 of the pillar material 2 at the same intervals from the end of a.
It is formed by drilling a large number of through holes 36 having the same diameter as the through hole 16 drilled in .

In addition, it is recommended that the anchor member 32 fixed to the reinforcing beam 30 has an enlarged portion 31 that increases the contact area with the soil in order to prevent it from coming off or shaking when buried in the soil. Depending on the soil quality of the site, independent anchor members 32 may be formed on the reinforcing beams 30 with cast-in-place concrete as shown in FIG. 11, or several reinforcing beams 30 may be formed as shown in FIG. Continuous anchor member 3
It is necessary to appropriately select whether to form part 2 with cast-in-place concrete.

When the reinforcing beam material 30 is fixed to a predetermined position of the pillar material 2 as shown in FIG.
a into sliding contact with the upright plate 12 of the pillar material 2, and the upright plate 12
Match one of the many through holes 16 drilled in the reinforcing beam material 30 with the through hole 36 drilled in the protrusion 33a of the hanging plate 33 of the reinforcing beam 30, insert the bolt 37, and fix with the nut 38. do.

Further, if necessary, the bracing material 3 is fixed between the column material 2 and the reinforcing beam material 30 in the same way as the reinforcement material 3 is connected and fixed to the underground beam material 1 and the column material 2. That is, the first
As shown in Fig. 1, only one brace 3 may be used as described above, but preferably two braces 3 are arranged symmetrically with the vertical plate 17 facing upward, and each vertical plate 17 supports the column 2. Upright board 12 and vertical board 33 of reinforcing beam material 30
are sandwiched between the through holes 20 drilled in the vertical plate 17 of each brace 3, any of the multiple through holes 16 drilled in the upright plate 12 of the column 2, and the vertical plate of the brace 3. By aligning the through hole 20 drilled in 17 with one of the many through holes 36 drilled in the vertical plate 33 of the reinforcing beam material 30, the through holes 16, 20 and the through holes 20, 3 are aligned.
A bolt 39 is inserted through the hole 6 and fixed with a nut 40.

To explain the operation of the embodiments, the present invention is based on the above-mentioned theory of the principle of retaining walls not collapsing, and as mentioned above, at the construction site, underground The structure 4 is formed by connecting and fixing the beams 1, the columns 2, and the braces 3, but the underground beams 1 located at the lower level with respect to the columns 2 always protrude rearward, and are not necessary. Accordingly, the reinforcing beam 30 connected and fixed to the structure 4 will protrude rearward from the underground beam 1. That is, in the present invention, it is necessary that at least one stage of the underground beam 1 or the reinforcing beam 30 protrudes rearward. The underground beam material 1 or the reinforcing beam material 30 that protrudes rearward in one step serves as the bottom plate B in the retaining wall principle shown in FIG. 2.

There are three possible combinations of the positions of the underground beams 1 or reinforcing beams 30 that protrude rearward. First, as shown in Fig. 12, there is an underground beam 1 protruding backwards at the bottom (base shape);
The second type has a reinforcing beam 30 that protrudes rearward in the center as shown in FIG.
As shown in FIG. 14, the reinforcing beam 30 is provided in the upper part and protrudes backward (upper side shape).

These three types of forms are used when constructing a retaining wall upright.
It can be used in any case of slope construction, and the structure 4 is fixed to the construction site with an interval of the length of the front plate 7, but the structure 4 and the reinforcing beams 30 are fixed at the construction site. Depending on the situation and construction purpose, work such as foundation, backing concrete, backing chestnut stone paving, and anchor work is completed and fixed, and then the front plate 7 is laminated and fixed on the front part of the pillar material 2 of the structure 4. The retaining wall construction work was then completed.

[Effects of the Invention] Since the present invention is as described above, all of the members constituting the structure, such as underground beams, columns, braces, and reinforcing beams, can be formed from standardized steel shapes. It is inexpensive, and each of the above-mentioned components can be separated and transported to the construction site in a relatively lightweight state, so transportation costs are low, and each component can be connected and assembled to form a structure. Moreover, since the front plate is not high in height, it is easy to transport, and it is also easy to laminate and fix the retaining wall to the structure, which not only shortens the construction period of the retaining wall, but also reduces the construction cost. It has the excellent effect of being inexpensive.
In addition, since the structure has at least one stage of underground beams or reinforcing beams that protrudes rearward, the underground beams or reinforcing beams that protrude rearward are used to prevent the retaining wall from collapsing. In principle, it can serve as a bottom plate and increase the strength of the retaining wall. Furthermore, according to the present invention, not only upright walls but also walls that are close to upright can be easily constructed, so that a large amount of road width can be obtained, and a large usable area can also be obtained in a residential area.

[Brief explanation of drawings]

The figure shows an example of the construction method of the present invention, and
Figure 1 is an explanatory diagram showing the magnitude of the force on the retaining wall;
Figure 2 is an explanatory diagram of the principle of retaining walls, Figure 3 is an assembled and disassembled perspective view of the structure, Figure 4 is an assembled perspective view of the structure, and Figure 5 is the structure planted and fixed at the construction site. Fig. 6 is a side view showing the state, Fig. 6 is a perspective view of the front plate, Fig. 7 is a side view showing the state.
The figure is a perspective view of the reinforcement section that makes up the front plate, Figure 8 is a perspective view showing the front plate and reinforcing beams fixed to two structures, and Figure 9 is a perspective view of the front plate attached to the structure. FIG. 10 is a side view showing a state where the structure is planted and fixed at the construction site and the reinforcing beams are fixed; FIG. 11 is an enlarged perspective view of the main parts;
FIGS. 12 to 14 are schematic explanatory diagrams showing each form of the structure. In the figure, 1 is underground beam material, 2 is column material, 3 is bracing material, 4 is structure, 5 is reinforcement part, 6 is concrete, 7 is front plate, 8 is upright plate, 9 is shaped steel, 10 is a substrate, 11 is a through hole, 12 is an upright plate, 13 is a shaped steel,
14 is a substrate, 15 and 16 are through holes, 17 is a vertical plate,
18 is a shaped steel, 19 is a substrate, 20 is a through hole, 21 is a bolt, 22 is a nut, 25 is a flat steel, 26 is a through hole,
27 is a bolt, 29 is a nut, 30 is a reinforcing beam material,
31 is an ampulla, 32 is an anchor member, 33 is a hanging plate, 34 is a molded steel, 35 is a substrate, 36 is a through hole, 37
is a bolt, 38 is a nut, 39 is a bolt, and 40 is a nut.

Claims (1)

[Claims] 1 Using standardized steel shapes such as T-type steel and scalene type steel, underground beams are drilled into upright plates with connecting holes planted in the base plate, and connecting through holes are installed between the base plate and the base plate. Posts are drilled in upright plates protruding from the base plate, braces are drilled at both ends of the vertical plates with through holes for connection vertically placed on the base plate, and through holes for connection are vertically installed on the base plate. Reinforcement beams longer than the underground beams were drilled on the vertical plates, and concrete was poured into the reinforcing sections with connecting holes drilled at both ends of the reinforcing beams. After forming a concave front plate and horizontally fixing multiple underground beams at predetermined intervals at the base of the construction site, install pillars on top of the underground beams into the through holes for each connection. Insert the bolts and secure them with nuts and plant them, and insert the bolts into the connecting holes between the underground beam materials and the column materials and fix them with nuts, and then attach the reinforcement materials to the column materials as necessary. Insert bolts into each connection hole and secure the reinforcing beams with nuts.Furthermore, form an independent or continuous anchor member by pouring concrete behind the reinforcing beams, and at least A structure is formed by making one stage of either the beam material or the reinforcing beam material protrude rearward, and a plurality of front plates are installed in front of the pillar materials of the structure adjacent to each other, and bolts are inserted through the through holes for each connection. A retaining wall construction method characterized by inserting and fixing with nuts and stacking.