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JPH0443376B2 - - Google Patents
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JPH0443376B2 - - Google Patents

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Publication number
JPH0443376B2
JPH0443376B2 JP8963784A JP8963784A JPH0443376B2 JP H0443376 B2 JPH0443376 B2 JP H0443376B2 JP 8963784 A JP8963784 A JP 8963784A JP 8963784 A JP8963784 A JP 8963784A JP H0443376 B2 JPH0443376 B2 JP H0443376B2
Authority
JP
Japan
Prior art keywords
refractive index
spatial light
light modulation
dielectric
modulation tube
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired
Application number
JP8963784A
Other languages
Japanese (ja)
Other versions
JPS60232649A (en
Inventor
Yoshiharu Ooi
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Hamamatsu Photonics KK
Original Assignee
Hamamatsu Photonics KK
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Hamamatsu Photonics KK filed Critical Hamamatsu Photonics KK
Priority to JP8963784A priority Critical patent/JPS60232649A/en
Priority to US06/727,250 priority patent/US4717893A/en
Priority to GB08511386A priority patent/GB2161020B/en
Publication of JPS60232649A publication Critical patent/JPS60232649A/en
Publication of JPH0443376B2 publication Critical patent/JPH0443376B2/ja
Granted legal-status Critical Current

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Description

【発明の詳細な説明】 (産業上の利用分野) 本発明は、真空容器中に電子源と電気光学結晶
を配置し、電子源から放出される電子を前記結晶
表面に蓄積し、前記結晶に前記蓄積電荷に対応す
る屈折率の変化を生ぜしめ、その屈折率変化をレ
ーザで読み出す空間光変調管に関する。 (従来の技術) まず空間光変調管の基本的な動作と、製造方法
を簡単に説明して、問題に言及する。 第1図は本発明による空間光変調管を示す概略
図であるが、光電面、電極、電気光学結晶等の基
本的配列は従来の装置と異ならないので、第1図
を用いて説明する。 空間光変調管のガラス容器3の内面の光電面4
にインコヒーレント光で照明さた入力パターン1
からの像がレンズ2を介して入射させられる。 光電面4は入射像に対応した光電子を放出す
る。その光電子は加速集束レンズ系5を介してマ
イクロチヤンネルプレート6に入射させられ、数
千倍に増倍される。前記増倍された電子は、
LiNbO3などの電気光学結晶8の表面に蓄積さ
れ、結晶8の屈折率を電荷像に対応して変化させ
る。 レーザ光源10からのレーザ光をハーフミラー
9を介して結晶8に照射すると、レーザ光の像1
1(コヒーレント像)が得られる。 このレーザ光の像11はコヒーレント光並列光
演算を行なうことができる。なお図中7は2次電
子捕集電極である。 このとき、レーザ光の像11の強度は前記電気
光学結晶8の電荷蓄積面8bの反射率に比例す
る。スネルの法則によれば、LiNbO3などの電気
光学結晶では、反射光は入射光強度の15%以下で
ある。 そして入射光の大半は結晶8を通過し、2次電
子捕集電極7やマイクロチヤンネルプレート6に
より反射され、ノイズとしてコヒーレント像11
に重畳される。 このノイズを低減し、レーザ光の像11の強度
を増大させるためにはレーザ光に対する電荷蓄積
面8bの反射率を大きくすれば良い。 前記反射率を増大させるためにレーザ光を反射
し電荷蓄積可能な誘電体多層膜ミラーを前記電荷
蓄積面8bに形成する対策が考えられる。 前述のような空間光変調管を作る場合、通常ガ
ラス容器3中に電極5,6,7,8を組み込んだ
後に光電面4を作成する。 このとき容器を10-7トール程度の高真空にす
ると共に350℃位の高温で加熱して容器中の不要
なガスを追い出す必要がある。 したがつて、空間光変調管に用いられるミラー
は高真空、高温で光学的、機械的に安定かつ長時
間電荷蓄可能な高い表面電気抵抗値を維持する誘
電体多層膜ミラーでなければならない。 一般に波長λ0の光を反射する誘電体多層膜ミラ
ーは、高屈折率誘電体膜を交互に各々膜厚λ0
4nずつ積み重ねた構造である。 ただし、nは誘電体の高・低屈折率である。 従来誘電体多層膜ミラー材料として用いられて
いる誘電体のうち、低屈折率誘電体SiO2と高屈
折率誘電体TiO2あるいはCeO2から成る多層膜ミ
ラーが知られている。 この種の多層膜ミラーは10数層で波長λ0の光に
対し90%以上の反射率が得られるが、ミラーの表
面電気抵抗は蒸着方法、層数にかかわらず10-7
ール程度の高真空で350℃位の高温に加熱すると
低下し、電荷蓄は不可能となる。また、低屈折率
誘電体Al2O3と高屈折率誘電体ZrO2から成る多層
膜ミラーは前記熱処理に伴いはがれが生じ問題と
なつたいた。 発明の詳細な説明の末尾にHe−Neレーザ光
(λ0=632.8nm)用に製造した数種類の多層膜ミ
ラーの熱処理前後の表面の電気抵抗特性をまとめ
て別表1として示す。 別表1から各多層膜ミラーは熱処理前の表面の
電気抵抗特性は1016Ω/□程度であるが、熱処理
後は表面の電気抵抗の低下または劣化がみられ
る。 (発明の目的) 本発明の目的は前述した問題を解決し良好なレ
ーザ光像が得られる空間光変調管を提供すること
にある。 (発明の構成) 前記目的を達成するために、本発明による空間
光変調管は、真空容器内に形成された電子源と、
電子源から放出された電子を蓄積し光学的特性変
化を生ずる電気光学結晶から成る空間光変調管に
おいて、前記電気光学結晶の電荷蓄積面を高真
空、高温で安定かつ電荷蓄積可能な高い表面電気
抵抗値を維持する誘電体多層膜ミラーで被覆して
構成されている。 前記構成によれば、前記目的は完全に達成でき
る。 (実施例) 本発明による空間光変調管の実施例装置の基本
的構成および動作は、先に第1図に関連して説明
したところと異ならない。 本発明ではノイズ光を低減し、より強いレーザ
光像を得るために前記光学結晶の電荷蓄積面に高
真空、高温で安定な誘電体多層膜ミラーを形成す
る。第2図は本発明による空間光変調管に使用す
る電気光学結晶の部分拡大断面図および誘電体多
層膜ミラーの部分をさらに拡大して示した図であ
る。各図において8aはLiNbO3光学結晶8の読
み出し側に形成された透明導電層である。 8bが以下に述べる工程で形成される高屈折率
誘電体ZrO2と低屈折率誘電体SiO2を多層膜材料
として誘電体多層膜ミラーである。 前記多層膜ミラー8bのコーテイングO2が混
入したAr雰囲気中で加熱された光学結晶8の電
荷蓄積面に、高周波スパツタ蒸着方によりZrO2
とSiO2を交互に10数層形成した。 前記工程により形成された誘電体多層膜ミラー
の表面電気抵抗値を10-7トール程度の高真空中
で室温から350℃まで加熱した測定して結果、加
熱温度にかわらず1016Ω/□以上の値を維持し、
多層膜ミラーのはがれは生じなかつた。また光学
的にも安定であることがわかつた。 前記誘電体多層膜ミラーが形成された電気光学
結晶LiNbO3を用いて第1図に関連して説明した
空間光変調管を作成し、前記ガス抜き熱処理を行
つた後、空間光変調管を実際に動作させた。その
結果、電荷像を数10時間以上蓄積することができ
た。 さらに、読み出しレーザ光の反射強度が増大
し、ノイズ光が低減されたことを確認した。 前述した高屈折率誘電体ZrO2と低屈折率誘電
体SiO2を多層膜材料とした誘電体多層膜ミラー
の他にも良い多層膜材料がある。 高屈折率誘電体材料としてHfO2,Ta2O5ある
いはNb2O5を用い前記製法により得られたHfO2
−SiO2,Ta2O5−SiO2およびNb2O5−SiO2誘電
体多層膜ミラーについて高真空中での前記熱処理
後もはがれは無く、1016Ω/□以上の高い表面電
気抵抗値を維持することができる。 そして、前記空間光変調管に使用した結果数10
時間以上の電荷像蓄積が可能で、読み出しレーザ
光反射強度の増大、ノイズの低減が確認された。
上記実施例では、電子源として光電面の場合を示
したが、電子銃を電子源として書込みを行なう形
式の場合も、本発明は同様に適用できる。 (発明の効果) 以上説明したように本発明による空間光変調管
では、電気光学結晶の表面に前述の高真空、高温
度で安定かつ電荷蓄積可能な高い表面電気抵抗値
を維持する誘電体多層膜ミラーを用いている。 したがつて、従来の空間光変調管に比較して2
次電子捕集電極やマイクロチヤンネルプレートか
らの反射ノイズ光が低減された強いレーザ光像を
得ることができる。 したがつて、本発明による空間光変調管には、
結晶表面でのより鮮明な画像演算(加減、論理演
算)が可能となり、新しい分野での広い応用が期
待できる。 【表】
Detailed Description of the Invention (Industrial Application Field) The present invention provides an electron source and an electro-optic crystal that are placed in a vacuum container, and that electrons emitted from the electron source are accumulated on the surface of the crystal. The present invention relates to a spatial light modulation tube that causes a change in refractive index corresponding to the accumulated charge and reads out the change in refractive index with a laser. (Prior Art) First, the basic operation and manufacturing method of a spatial light modulation tube will be briefly explained, and the problems will be mentioned. Although FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram showing a spatial light modulation tube according to the present invention, the basic arrangement of the photocathode, electrodes, electro-optic crystal, etc. is the same as that of conventional devices, and therefore will be explained using FIG. 1. Photocathode 4 on the inner surface of the glass container 3 of the spatial light modulation tube
Input pattern 1 illuminated with incoherent light
The image from the lens 2 is made incident through the lens 2. The photocathode 4 emits photoelectrons corresponding to the incident image. The photoelectrons are made incident on the microchannel plate 6 via the accelerating and focusing lens system 5, and are multiplied several thousand times. The multiplied electrons are
It is accumulated on the surface of an electro-optic crystal 8 such as LiNbO 3 and changes the refractive index of the crystal 8 in accordance with the charge image. When the crystal 8 is irradiated with laser light from the laser light source 10 via the half mirror 9, the laser light image 1
1 (coherent image) is obtained. This laser beam image 11 can be used to perform coherent light parallel light calculation. Note that 7 in the figure is a secondary electron collecting electrode. At this time, the intensity of the laser beam image 11 is proportional to the reflectance of the charge storage surface 8b of the electro-optic crystal 8. According to Snell's law, for electro-optic crystals such as LiNbO3 , the reflected light is less than 15% of the incident light intensity. Most of the incident light passes through the crystal 8, is reflected by the secondary electron collection electrode 7 and the microchannel plate 6, and is reflected as noise in the coherent image 11.
superimposed on In order to reduce this noise and increase the intensity of the laser beam image 11, it is sufficient to increase the reflectance of the charge storage surface 8b with respect to the laser beam. In order to increase the reflectance, a possible measure is to form a dielectric multilayer mirror that can reflect laser light and store charges on the charge storage surface 8b. When making a spatial light modulation tube as described above, the photocathode 4 is usually made after the electrodes 5, 6, 7, and 8 are assembled in the glass container 3. At this time, it is necessary to make the container a high vacuum of about 10 -7 Torr and heat it to a high temperature of about 350°C to drive out unnecessary gas in the container. Therefore, the mirror used in the spatial light modulation tube must be a dielectric multilayer mirror that is optically and mechanically stable under high vacuum and high temperature, and maintains a high surface electrical resistance value capable of storing charge for a long time. Generally, a dielectric multilayer mirror that reflects light with wavelength λ 0 has high refractive index dielectric films alternately each having a film thickness λ 0 /
The structure consists of stacking 4n each. However, n is the high/low refractive index of the dielectric. Among the dielectric materials conventionally used as dielectric multilayer mirror materials, multilayer mirrors made of a low refractive index dielectric SiO 2 and a high refractive index dielectric TiO 2 or CeO 2 are known. This type of multilayer mirror can achieve a reflectance of 90% or more for light with a wavelength of λ 0 with a dozen or so layers, but the surface electrical resistance of the mirror is as high as 10 -7 Torr regardless of the deposition method or the number of layers. When heated to a high temperature of around 350°C in a vacuum, it decreases and becomes impossible to store charge. Further, the multilayer mirror made of the low refractive index dielectric Al 2 O 3 and the high refractive index dielectric ZrO 2 peeled off during the heat treatment, which caused problems. At the end of the detailed description of the invention, the electrical resistance characteristics of the surfaces of several types of multilayer mirrors manufactured for He--Ne laser light (λ 0 =632.8 nm) before and after heat treatment are summarized in Attached Table 1. As shown in Attached Table 1, the surface electrical resistance of each multilayer mirror before heat treatment is approximately 10 16 Ω/□, but after heat treatment, a decrease or deterioration of the surface electrical resistance is observed. (Object of the Invention) An object of the present invention is to provide a spatial light modulation tube that solves the above-mentioned problems and provides a good laser beam image. (Structure of the Invention) In order to achieve the above object, the spatial light modulation tube according to the present invention includes an electron source formed in a vacuum container;
In a spatial light modulation tube made of an electro-optic crystal that accumulates electrons emitted from an electron source and causes a change in optical characteristics, the charge-storage surface of the electro-optic crystal has a high surface electricity that is stable and can store charges at high vacuum and high temperatures. It is constructed by being coated with a dielectric multilayer mirror that maintains the resistance value. According to the configuration, the objective can be completely achieved. (Example) The basic configuration and operation of the embodiment of the spatial light modulation tube according to the present invention are the same as those described above in connection with FIG. 1. In the present invention, in order to reduce noise light and obtain a stronger laser beam image, a dielectric multilayer mirror that is stable under high vacuum and high temperature is formed on the charge storage surface of the optical crystal. FIG. 2 is a partially enlarged sectional view of an electro-optic crystal used in a spatial light modulation tube according to the present invention, and a further enlarged view of a dielectric multilayer mirror. In each figure, 8a is a transparent conductive layer formed on the readout side of the LiNbO 3 optical crystal 8. 8b is a dielectric multilayer film mirror formed in the process described below using a high refractive index dielectric ZrO 2 and a low refractive index dielectric SiO 2 as multilayer film materials. Coating of the multilayer mirror 8b ZrO 2 is deposited on the charge storage surface of the optical crystal 8 heated in an Ar atmosphere mixed with O 2 by high frequency sputter deposition.
Ten layers of SiO 2 and SiO 2 were alternately formed. The surface electrical resistance value of the dielectric multilayer mirror formed by the above process was measured by heating it from room temperature to 350°C in a high vacuum of about 10 -7 Torr, and the result was that it was 10 16 Ω/□ or more regardless of the heating temperature. maintain the value of
No peeling of the multilayer mirror occurred. It was also found to be optically stable. The spatial light modulation tube described in connection with FIG. 1 was created using the electro-optic crystal LiNbO 3 on which the dielectric multilayer mirror was formed, and after the degassing heat treatment was performed, the spatial light modulation tube was actually fabricated. I made it work. As a result, we were able to accumulate charge images for more than several tens of hours. Furthermore, it was confirmed that the reflection intensity of the readout laser beam increased and noise light was reduced. In addition to the above-mentioned dielectric multilayer mirror made of the high refractive index dielectric ZrO 2 and the low refractive index dielectric SiO 2 as multilayer film materials, there are other good multilayer film materials. HfO 2 obtained by the above manufacturing method using HfO 2 , Ta 2 O 5 or Nb 2 O 5 as a high refractive index dielectric material
-SiO 2 , Ta 2 O 5 -SiO 2 and Nb 2 O 5 -SiO 2 Dielectric multilayer mirrors do not peel off even after the above heat treatment in high vacuum, and have a high surface electrical resistance value of 10 16 Ω/□ or more can be maintained. And the result number 10 used in the spatial light modulation tube
It was confirmed that it was possible to accumulate a charge image for more than an hour, and that the readout laser beam reflection intensity increased and noise was reduced.
In the above embodiment, a photocathode is used as the electron source, but the present invention can be similarly applied to a type of writing using an electron gun as the electron source. (Effects of the Invention) As explained above, in the spatial light modulation tube according to the present invention, the electro-optic crystal has a multilayer dielectric layer on the surface of the electro-optic crystal that maintains a high surface electrical resistance value that is stable and capable of accumulating charge in high vacuum and high temperature. A film mirror is used. Therefore, compared to the conventional spatial light modulation tube, the
It is possible to obtain a strong laser beam image with reduced reflected noise light from the secondary electron collecting electrode and the microchannel plate. Therefore, the spatial light modulation tube according to the present invention includes:
This enables clearer image operations (addition, subtraction, logical operations) on the crystal surface, and is expected to have wide applications in new fields. 【table】

【図面の簡単な説明】[Brief explanation of drawings]

第1図は本発明による空間光変調管の基本構成
を示す断面図である。第2図は本発明による空間
光変調管に使用する電気光学結晶の部分拡大断面
図および誘電体多層膜ミラーの部分をさらに拡大
して示した図である。 1…入力パターン、2…レンズ、3…ガラス容
器、4…光電面、5…集束(電子)レンズ系、6
…マイクロチヤンネルプレート、7…2次電子捕
集電極、8…電気光学結晶、8a…透明電極、8
b…電荷蓄積面(誘電体多層膜ミラー)、8c…
膜厚λ0/4nの高屈折率誘電体膜、8d…膜厚
λ0/4nの低屈折率誘電体膜、9…ハーフミラー、
10…レーザ光源、11…レーザ光像。
FIG. 1 is a sectional view showing the basic configuration of a spatial light modulation tube according to the present invention. FIG. 2 is a partially enlarged sectional view of an electro-optic crystal used in a spatial light modulation tube according to the present invention, and a further enlarged view of a dielectric multilayer mirror. 1... Input pattern, 2... Lens, 3... Glass container, 4... Photocathode, 5... Focusing (electronic) lens system, 6
... Microchannel plate, 7 ... Secondary electron collection electrode, 8 ... Electro-optic crystal, 8a ... Transparent electrode, 8
b...Charge storage surface (dielectric multilayer mirror), 8c...
High refractive index dielectric film with a film thickness of λ 0 /4n, 8d...Low refractive index dielectric film with a film thickness of λ 0 /4n, 9... Half mirror,
10... Laser light source, 11... Laser light image.

Claims (1)

【特許請求の範囲】 1 真空容器内に形成された電子源と、電子源か
ら放出された電子を蓄積し光学的特性変化を生ず
る電気光学結晶から成る空間光変調管において、
前記電気光学結晶の電荷蓄積面を高真空、高温で
安定かつ電荷蓄積可能な高い表面電気抵抗値を維
持する誘電体多層膜ミラーで被覆して構成したこ
とを特徴とする空間光変調管。 2 前記電気光学結晶はLiNbO3である特許請求
の範囲第1項記載の空間光変調管。 3 前記誘電体多層膜ミラーは高屈折率誘電体
ZrO2と低屈折率誘電体SiO2とから成る特許請求
の範囲第1項記載の空間光変調管。 4 前記誘電体多層膜ミラーは高屈折率誘電体
HfO2と低屈折率誘電体SiO2とから成る特許請求
の範囲第1項記載の空間光変調管。 5 前記誘電体多層膜ミラーは高屈折率誘電体
Ta2O5と低屈折率誘電体SiO2とから成る特許請求
の範囲第1項記載の空間光変調管。 6 前記誘電体多層膜ミラーは高屈折率誘電体
Nb2O5と低屈折率誘電体SiO2とから成る特許請
求の範囲第1項記載の空間光変調管。
[Claims] 1. A spatial light modulation tube consisting of an electron source formed in a vacuum container and an electro-optic crystal that accumulates electrons emitted from the electron source and causes changes in optical characteristics,
A spatial light modulation tube characterized in that the charge storage surface of the electro-optic crystal is coated with a dielectric multilayer mirror that maintains a high surface electrical resistance value that allows stable charge storage under high vacuum and high temperature. 2. The spatial light modulation tube according to claim 1, wherein the electro-optic crystal is LiNbO 3 . 3 The dielectric multilayer mirror is a high refractive index dielectric
A spatial light modulation tube according to claim 1, comprising ZrO 2 and a low refractive index dielectric SiO 2 . 4 The dielectric multilayer mirror is a high refractive index dielectric
A spatial light modulation tube according to claim 1, comprising HfO 2 and a low refractive index dielectric SiO 2 . 5 The dielectric multilayer mirror is a high refractive index dielectric
A spatial light modulation tube according to claim 1, comprising Ta 2 O 5 and a low refractive index dielectric SiO 2 . 6 The dielectric multilayer mirror is a high refractive index dielectric
A spatial light modulation tube according to claim 1, comprising Nb 2 O 5 and a low refractive index dielectric SiO 2 .
JP8963784A 1984-05-04 1984-05-04 Space light modulation tube Granted JPS60232649A (en)

Priority Applications (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP8963784A JPS60232649A (en) 1984-05-04 1984-05-04 Space light modulation tube
US06/727,250 US4717893A (en) 1984-05-04 1985-04-25 Spatial light modulator
GB08511386A GB2161020B (en) 1984-05-04 1985-05-03 Spatial light modulator

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP8963784A JPS60232649A (en) 1984-05-04 1984-05-04 Space light modulation tube

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
JPS60232649A JPS60232649A (en) 1985-11-19
JPH0443376B2 true JPH0443376B2 (en) 1992-07-16

Family

ID=13976279

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
JP8963784A Granted JPS60232649A (en) 1984-05-04 1984-05-04 Space light modulation tube

Country Status (1)

Country Link
JP (1) JPS60232649A (en)

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
JPS60232649A (en) 1985-11-19

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