JPH0676582B2 - Soil conditioner and its manufacturing method - Google Patents

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION [Industrial field of application] The present invention is embedded in soil to improve porosity, improve soft soil having rich air permeability, and slowly supply fertilizer, Moreover, the present invention relates to a soil improving material in which these actions last for a long period of time. INDUSTRIAL APPLICABILITY The present invention is used for the maintenance of street trees and fruit trees, and the improvement of soil that has lost elasticity due to excessive use of inorganic fertilizers.

[Conventional technology]

Conventionally, roadside trees, which have been hardened with concrete leaving only a small amount of exposed soil, have been difficult to grow vigorously due to lack of supply of air, water and nutrients. Therefore, a method of embedding a material having a function of improving soil such as mulch and peat moss and slowly supplying nutrients into the soil around the trunk has been adopted.

On the other hand, the present inventor proposed in Japanese Patent Publication No. 63-52848 a plant implant material in which palm shells are squeezed in a direction substantially perpendicular to the fibers and cut into chips. This planting material is used for potting materials such as lanterns and chrysanthemums after being dipped in water to be swollen, or mixed into soil as a soil improving material.

[Problems to be solved by the invention]

However, the method of mixing the soil conditioner into the soil requires time and labor for excavating the soil deeply, and it is difficult to maintain it frequently. So you can easily bury it in the soil,
Moreover, there has been a demand for a soil conditioner having a long-lasting action.

[Means for solving problems]

The present invention aims to solve the above problems, the structure is to dry the wood part of the plant cut into chips, without adding other binders, the interfiber material of the wood part develops adhesive strength. By applying heat and pressure to the extent that it is molded, a tubular body having a through hole in the center is characterized, and further, a spiral rotor having a central rod protruding at the tip is rotated at high speed, From the base of the spiral rotator, supply the wood part of the plant that has been cut into chips and dried, heat and pressurize the interfiber substances of the plant to develop an adhesive force, and bond them together to form a tube from the end of the spiral rotator. It is characterized in that the molded body of is continuously obtained.

The wood part of the plant according to the present invention is a pulp part of a palm and a palm trunk part of a palm or a palm part of another plant which is obtained by removing seeds and seed shells from palm fruits, and is cut into chips. To use. The tubular soil-improving material of the present invention has large chips that are sufficiently dried and compression-bonded so that cracks soon occur in the soil and separate, but even in that state, the shape of the large chips is maintained, water absorption, and dehydration. The effect of introducing air into the soil due to the pulsation whose size changes each time is repeated and improving the air permeability and water permeability is great, and the effect lasts for 3 to 5 years without being corroded. The size of the tip is preferably about 5 to 20 mm in diameter, and may be square or round. In reality, it is preferable to use a material that has been primary dried in advance.

For primary drying, air drying, sunlight, hot air, and other usual drying means are used. It may be dried as it is, but it is particularly preferable that it is squeezed in a direction substantially perpendicular to the fiber direction. In this way, after being pressed and cut, the porous structure peculiar to palm shell is not destroyed, and cells are simply compressed between the fibers. Therefore, when water is absorbed again, the original porous structure is reproduced, and a soil improving material having water retention is obtained.

When molding the wood part of the plant, heat and pressure are applied. By heating and pressurizing, the interstitial substance of fibers mainly composed of lignin in the wood part is softened to exhibit tackiness, and sufficient binding property can be obtained without adding other tackifier. Therefore, the pressure and temperature to be applied are sufficient so that the adhesive force of the fiber interstitial material is developed. The heating temperature is 300 ° C to 450 ° C. 300 ° C
When it is below, sufficient tackiness is not exhibited, and when it exceeds 450 ° C, the porous structure of the wood is destroyed. However, it does not matter if the tissue is locally carbonized if it is localized.

The apparatus for producing such a molded body is not particularly limited,
Any ordinary heating and pressing machine may be used. In molding, sufficiently dried secondary chips are used so that the adhesive effect of the fiber interstitial material is exhibited. 95% dry residue
It is preferably about 99% by weight, and requires strong heat drying. The apparent density of the obtained molded body is 1.1 to 1.5.
It is about g / cm ³ .

The shape of the molded body is tubular with a through hole in the center. Since the molded body is heated and pressed and has sufficient strength in the vertical direction, it can be embedded in the soil simply by driving it from above.
Alternatively, a fine hole may be bored in the soil and a soil improving material may be inserted into the fine hole. A tubular body with a through hole in the center of the rod will perform fertilization and soil improvement at the same time if a fertilizer or pesticide suitable for the state, type and environment of the plant is placed in the through hole and buried. be able to. The through holes do not have to be at the central position in the strict sense, and they may be unevenly distributed.

A more preferable shape is that the tubular body is cut into a certain length, one end of the through hole is closed, this closed portion is integrated with the tubular body, and the diameter is gradually reduced so that the pencil core is sharpened, and the sharpened tip is sharpened. It has a bent shape. Such a pointed shape has little resistance when embedded in the soil.

The material to be clogged needs to be a material that does not adversely affect the soil. Furthermore, it is necessary that the hardness be such that it is integrated with the compact and sharpened, and that it is first embedded in the soil. Specifically, a piece of wood having a diameter matching the through hole may be inserted. Further, powder of plant tissue such as palm shell may be bound with a plant-derived paste such as starch.

Further, if the through holes are filled with fertilizer or other chemicals, further effects are expected. Examples of other agents include plant hormones and alkaline substances for acidic soil, and acidic agents for alkaline soil. As described above, one end of the tubular molded body is closed and sharpened, then the inside of the through hole is filled with fertilizer and other chemicals suitable for the soil and crop, and the other end is closed. Can be done at the same time.

[Action]

Since the soil improving material of the present invention, which is obtained by drying and heat-molding a chip-shaped cut product made of a woody part of a plant, is hard, it penetrates into the soil even by hammering it like a pile. It naturally absorbs water in the soil and swells, and the porosity of the original chip-like plant tissue is restored, giving the soil softness. Moreover, since this action is gradually performed, the action lasts for a long period of 2-3 years. Further, since it is a natural plant by nature, the slowly decomposed decomposition product acts as a fertilizer component.

Furthermore, since the wood part of the plant that has been cut into chips is used as the raw material, when water is absorbed, cracks form along the bonding surface of the original chips, swelling without breaking the tubular shape, and further swelling. However, the state of the chip remains for a long time, and the action of introducing air into the soil is sustained by the pulsation in which the volume changes by repeating swelling and water absorption depending on the water content in the soil.

Further, since it is formed in a tubular shape having a through hole, it is possible to fill the inside of the through hole with a chemical such as a fertilizer or an insecticide. Fertilizers and chemicals to be supplied to plants are not always in a fixed amount, but are supplied according to various conditions such as soil properties, condition, environment, plant condition and type, and cannot be determined in advance. When a through hole to be inserted is provided as in the present invention, a required amount of fertilizer or pesticide can be effectively applied during use. Further, these agents pass through cracks or gaps in the swollen soil conditioner and gradually penetrate, so that the action continues.

〔Example〕

The coconut shell was compressed to about 1/5 in the direction orthogonal to the fiber direction and primary dried. Then, this was cut into about 1 cm square, kept at 100 ° C. for about 1 hour, and secondarily dried until the water content became 2% to obtain raw material chips.

This raw material chip was supplied to the heat and pressure molding machine shown in FIG. In FIG. 1, 1 is a motor, 2 is a transmission means, and drives a helical rotating body 3 having a center rod body 4 at its tip. The spiral rotator 3 rotates at a high speed and supplies the raw material from a hopper 5 provided at the base thereof. The raw material slowly moves inside the outer cylinder 6 toward the discharge port 8. The rotation of the spiral rotator was high, and the diameter of the outer cylinder 6 was narrowed near the discharge port via the squeeze portion 7, so the raw material was pressurized and contracted.

The heating method is not particularly limited, but in the present example, the base portion of the center rod body 4 was heated. Therefore, the raw material supplied from the homper 5 was heated by the center rod 4 while being rotationally mixed, and the temperature of the chips was raised to about 350 ° C. In the vicinity of contact with the central rod body 4, the raw material was sufficiently heated, pressurized and bound, and the molded body 9 was continuously obtained from the discharge port 8. The molded body 9 has a through hole having the same diameter as the central cylinder body 4,
The outer diameter was equal to.

According to this example, a tubular molded body having an outer diameter of 3.5 cm and a through hole diameter of 1.5 cm was obtained, and the apparent density was about 1.3 g / cm ³ .

This tubular molded body 9 was cut into about 40 cm. Palm shell powder 90
A paste prepared by kneading 10 parts by weight of starch with respect to parts by weight of hot water at 60 ° C. was filled into one end of the through hole 10 of the molded body and dried and solidified to form a closed portion 11 as shown in FIG. After solidification
As shown by the thick line in FIG. 2, this portion was sharpened and sharpened like a pencil lead to form the insertion end 12. From the other end, a mixed fertilizer of potassium phosphate and ammonium sulfate was filled, and at the other end, the same material as the closing part 11 was filled to form a closing part 13. Reference numeral 14 is a fertilizer filled in the through hole 10. The soil improving material of the present invention thus obtained was filled in a non-water-absorbent plastic bag and stored and conveyed.

A hole having a depth of 60 cm was formed at the root of the roadside tree, and 6 soil improving materials of the present invention taken out from the plastic bag were embedded in the hole. When excavated and observed after about 3 months, a large number of cracks were generated on one surface and swollen to an outer diameter of about 4.5 cm, but a cylindrical outer shape was maintained. A part of the compact was mixed into the surrounding soil to improve it into soft soil. Further, the fertilizer inside the molded body was slightly decreased.

〔The invention's effect〕

INDUSTRIAL APPLICABILITY Since the present invention is easy to bury in soil and corrodes for a long period of 3 to 4 years after burial, the effects of soil improvement and fertilization can be maintained for a long period of time.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a side view with a partial cutout showing one embodiment of an apparatus for obtaining a molded product of the present invention, and FIG. 2 is a sectional view of one embodiment of the present invention. In the drawings, reference numeral 1 is a motor, 2 is transmission means, 3 is a spiral rotating body, 4 is a center rod body, 5 is a hopper, 6 is an outer cylinder, 7 is a squeezing portion, 8 is a discharge port, 9 is a molded body, 10 Is a through hole, 11 and 13 are closed portions, 12 is an insertion end, and 14 is fertilizer.

Claims (2)

[Claims] 1. A wood part of a plant cut into chips is dried and heated and pressed to an extent that the interfiber material of the wood part develops an adhesive force without adding another binder, to thereby mold the wood part. A soil conditioner having a tubular body having a through hole in the central portion. 2. A spiral rotor having a center rod protruding from its tip is rotated at high speed, and a wood portion of a plant cut and dried into chips is supplied from the base of the spiral rotor, and heated and pressed to heat the plant. A method for producing a soil improving material, characterized in that an interfiber material is made to exhibit an adhesive force and is bound to each other to continuously obtain a tubular molded body from the tip of a spiral rotating body.