Quiverとは 意味・読み方・使い方

語源 1

From 中期英語 quiver, from Anglo-Norman quivre, from Old Dutch cocare (source of Dutch koker, and cognate to 古期英語 cocer (“quiver, case”)), from Proto-West Germanic *kokar (“container”), said to be from Hunnic, possibly from Proto-Mongolic *kökexür (“leather vessel for liquids”); see there for more. Replaced early modern cocker, the inherited reflex of that West Germanic word.

The mathematical sense originated as German Köcher in a 1972 paper by Pierre Gabriel; it was likely chosen because a quiver contains arrows, while a digraph contains directed edges (also called "arrows").

名詞

quiver (plural quivers)

1. (weaponry) A container for arrows, crossbow bolts or darts, such as those fired from a bow, crossbow or blowgun.
   • 1598–1599 (first performance), William Shakespeare, “Much Adoe about Nothing”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act I, scene i], line 271:

     Don Pedro: Nay, if Cupid have not spent all his quiver in Venice, thou wilt quake for this shortly.

   • 1786, Francis Grose, A Treatise on Ancient Armour and Weapons, page 39:

     Arrows were carried in quiver, called also an arrow case, which served for the magazine, arrows for immediate use were worn in the girdle.

2. (figuratively) A ready storage location for figurative tools or weapons.

   He's got lots of sales pitches in his quiver.

3. (obsolete) A vulva.
4. (obsolete) The collective noun for cobras.
5. (mathematics) A multidigraph, especially in the context of representation theory.

派生語

語源 2

From 中期英語 quiver, cwiver, from 古期英語 *cwifer, probably related to cwic (“alive”).

形容詞

quiver (comparative more quiver, superlative most quiver)

1. (archaic) Nimble, active.
   • c. 1596–1599 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Second Part of Henry the Fourth, […]. Epilogue.”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act III, scene ii], line 281:

     [...] there was a little quiver fellow, and 'a would manage you his piece thus; and 'a would about and about, and come you in and come you in.

派生語

語源 3

From 中期英語 quiveren, probably from the adjective.

動詞

quiver (third-person singular simple present quivers, present participle quivering, simple past and past participle quivered)

1. (intransitive) To shake or move with slight and tremulous motion.

   Synonyms: tremble, quake, shudder, shiver, flutter

   • c. 1588–1593 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Lamentable Tragedy of Titus Andronicus”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act II, scene iii], line 12:

     The birds chaunt melodie on euerie buſh,
     The ſnakes lies rolled in the chearefull ſunne,
     The greene leaues quiuer with the cooling winde,
     And make a checkerd ſhadow on the ground: [...]

   • 1712 (date written), [Joseph] Addison, Cato, a Tragedy. […], London: […] J[acob] Tonson, […], published 1713, →OCLC, Act I, scene iv, page 2:

     And left the limbs still quivering on the ground.

   • 1851 November 14, Herman Melville, chapter 84, in Moby-Dick; or, The Whale, 1st American edition, New York, N.Y.: Harper & Brothers; London: Richard Bentley, →OCLC, page 410:

     Next moment with a rapid, nameless impulse, in a superb lofty arch the bright steel spans the foaming distance, and quivers in the life spot of the whale.

   • 1919 October, John Galsworthy, chapter VIII, in Saint’s Progress, London: William Heinemann, published December 1919, →OCLC, part III, page 300:

     And the moonlight on the Church seemed to shift and quiver—some pigeons perhaps had been disturbed up there.

派生語

参照

Further reading

• quiver on Wikipedia.Wikipedia

別の表記

• quyver, qwyver, qwywere, qwyvere, whyver

発音

• IPA: /ˈkwivər/

名詞

quiver (plural quivers)

1. A quiver (a receptacle for arrows)
2. (rare, vulgar) A vulva.

派生した語

• English: quiver

参照

• “quiver, n.”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007, retrieved 4 May 2018.

語源 2

From 古期英語 *cwifer, probably related to cwic (“alive”).

別の表記

• quyver, quyvere, cwiver

発音

• IPA: /ˈkwivər/

形容詞

quiver

1. fast, speedy, rapid
2. energetic, vigourous, vibrant

派生した語

• English: quiver

参照

• “quiver, adj.”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007, retrieved 4 May 2018.