Symbolとは 意味・読み方・使い方

語源

From French symbole, from Latin symbolus, symbolum (“a sign, mark, token, symbol, in Late Latin also a creed”), from Ancient Greek σύμβολον (súmbolon, “a sign by which one infers something; a mark, token, badge, ticket, tally, check, a signal, watchword, outward sign”), from συμβάλλω (sumbállō, “I throw together, dash together, compare, correspond, tally, come to a conclusion”), from σύν (sún, “with, together”) + βάλλω (bállō, “I throw, put”).

発音

• enPR: sĭmbəl, IPA: /ˈsɪmbəl/
• 韻: -ɪmbəl
• ハイフネーション: sym‧bol
• Homophone: cymbal

名詞

symbol (plural symbols)

1. A character or glyph representing an idea, concept or object.

   "$" is the symbol for dollars in the US and some other countries.

   Chinese people use word symbols for writing.

2. A thing considered the embodiment or cardinal exemplar of a concept, theme, or other thing.

   The lion is the symbol of courage; the lamb is the symbol of meekness or patience.

3. (linguistics) A type of noun whereby the form refers to the same entity independently of the context; a symbol arbitrarily denotes a referent. See also icon and index.
4. A summary of a dogmatic statement of faith.

   The Apostles, Nicene Creed and the confessional books of Protestantism, such as the Augsburg Confession of Lutheranism are considered symbols.

5. (crystallography) The numerical expression which defines a plane's position relative to the assumed axes.
6. (obsolete) That which is thrown into a common fund; hence, an appointed or accustomed duty.
   • 1651–1653, Jer[emy] Taylor, ΕΝΙΑΥΤΟΣ [Eniautos]. A Course of Sermons for All the Sundays of the Year. […], 2nd edition, London: […] Richard Royston […], published 1655, →OCLC:

     They do their work in the days of peace […] and come to pay their symbol in a war or in a plague.

7. (obsolete) Share; allotment.
   • 1651–1653, Jer[emy] Taylor, ΕΝΙΑΥΤΟΣ [Eniautos]. A Course of Sermons for All the Sundays of the Year. […], 2nd edition, London: […] Richard Royston […], published 1655, →OCLC:

     The persons who are to be judged […] shall all appear to receive their symbol.

8. (programming) An internal identifier used by a debugger to relate parts of the compiled program to the corresponding names in the source code.
9. (telecommunications) A signalling event on a communications channel; a signal that cannot be further divided into meaningful information.

派生語

関連する語

• diabolical
• symbolic
• symbolize
• symbolism

動詞

symbol (third-person singular simple present symbols, present participle symboling or symbolling, simple past and past participle symboled or symbolled)

1. To symbolize.
   • 1877, Alfred Tennyson, Harold: A Drama, London: Henry S. King & Co., →OCLC, Act V, scene i, page 128:

     […] They told me that the Holy Rood had lean'd / And bow'd above me; […] / [I]f it bow'd, whether it symbol'd ruin / Or glory, who shall tell?

参考

• punctuation

Further reading

• “symbol”, in Webster’s Revised Unabridged Dictionary, Springfield, Mass.: G. & C. Merriam, 1913, →OCLC.
• William Dwight Whitney, Benjamin E[li] Smith, editors (1911), “symbol”, in The Century Dictionary […], New York, N.Y.: The Century Co., →OCLC.