U. N.とは 意味・読み方・使い方

発音

• IPA: /ʌn/
• 韻: -ʌn

代名詞

'un (plural 'uns)

1. (colloquial) One (a thing).

   Give me one of those round 'uns.

2. (colloquial, facetious or dialect) One (a person).

   We've got a clever 'un here!

3. (Cornwall) Him or her.
   • 1866, Higham, Dial., 14:

     Tom Trevarton had a piece of hoggan weth un.

別の表記

• 'n, un
• (uncommon, in some compounds, e.g. youngin, youins) in(s), 'in(s)

派生語

アナグラム

• NU, Nu, nu

語源 1

From 中期英語 un-, from 古期英語 un-, from Proto-West Germanic *un-, from Proto-Germanic *un-, from Proto-Indo-European *n̥-. Cognate with Scots un-, on- (“un-”), North Frisian ün-, Saterland Frisian uun-, West Frisian ûn-, on-, Dutch on-, Low German un-, on-, German un-, Danish u-, Swedish o-, Norwegian u-, Icelandic ó-. More distant cognate with Latin in-, Ancient Greek ἀ- (a-) (whence English a-, modern Greek α- (a-)) and Sanskrit अ- (a-).

Doublet of in- and a-.

別の表記

• on-

接頭辞

un-

1. (added to adjectives or past participles) not

   ‎un- + ‎educated → ‎uneducated (“not educated”)

2. (added to nouns) lack of

   ‎un- + ‎conformity → ‎unconformity (“lack of conformity”)

3. (added to nouns) contrary to traditional norms; unconventional

   ‎un- + ‎conference → ‎unconference

使用する際の注意点

• Some words formed in this way may also have counterparts using in- or non-.

同意語

• (not): a-, an-, dys-, i-/il-/im-/in-/ir-, mal-, non-

派生語

Additionally, almost all of the unsorted terms in the following category belong to this sense:

語源 2

From 中期英語 on-, from 古期英語 on-, ond-, and- (“against, facing, toward; in return, back, without”), from Proto-West Germanic *anda-, from Proto-Germanic *anda-, *andi- (“against”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₂énti (“across, forth, forward, ahead”), from *h₂énts (“end, limit, forehead”). In some cases the meaning is influenced by un- (“not”, etymology 1).

接頭辞

un-

1. (added to verbs) the inverse of a specified action

   ‎un- + ‎dress → ‎undress (“to take one's clothes off”)

   ‎un- + ‎lock → ‎unlock (“to undo the locking of”)

   • 1996, “Un-Break My Heart”, in Secrets, performed by Toni Braxton:

     Un-cry these tears I cried so many nights
     Un-break my heart

   • 2020 March 14, Lindsay del Valle, “36 Spanish Prefixes That Will Increase Your Vocabulary Times 100!”, in Homeschool Spanish Academy‎:

     A prefix is an affix that joins to the beginning of another word. Depending on the prefix, it can slightly or significantly alter the meaning of a word. For example, the English prefix “un-” changes a word into its opposite, as from “do” to “undo,” altering its meaning entirely.

2. (added to nouns to form verbs) deprive of, release from, free from, remove from, extract from

   ‎un- + ‎cage → ‎uncage (“to release from a cage”)

   ‎un- + ‎tangle → ‎untangle (“to remove the tangling of”)

3. (rare) intensifying a verb that already suggests opposition or removal

   ‎un- + ‎loosen → ‎unloosen

   ‎un- + ‎decipher → ‎undecipher

   ‎un- + ‎thaw → ‎unthaw

使用する際の注意点

• Only certain verbs can take un- to form a new word with the opposite meaning. In particular, verbs that describe an irreversible action produce words often considered nonsense, e.g. unkill, unspend, unlose, unring. These words may nevertheless be in occasional use for humorous, ironic or rhetorical effect.
• Although this prefix and Etymology 1 are homonymous and semantically similar (both relating to negation), they generally do not collide as they apply to different parts of speech. Ambiguity can however be caused when used with other derivational affixes; for instance unlockable can be parsed as either unlock -able (“possible to unlock”) or un- lockable (“impossible to lock”). Synonyms such as non-lockable may express one or the other sense more unambiguously.
  • It is possible for a word to contain both prefixes, e.g. unundoable, but this is generally avoided due to being clumsy or unclear.

同意語

• (opposite): anti-, in-, non-
• (release): de-, dis-, off-

派生語

語源 3

From Latin ūnus.

接頭辞

un-

1. (chemistry) Used for the digit one to form systematic element names of elements whose existence has been predicted, and which have not yet been given a trivial name.

   ‎un- (“1”) + ‎bi- (“2”) + ‎un- (“1”) + ‎-ium (element suffix) → ‎unbiunium (“element 121”)

2. Used to form large numbers as the first in the sequence.

   ‎un- + ‎decillion (“10”) → ‎undecillion (“10”)

   ‎un- + ‎vigintillion (“10”) → ‎unvigintillion (“10”)

派生語

参照

• Definition of un- - Merriam-Webster Online Dictionary

アナグラム

• NU, Nu, nu

発音

• IPA: /un/

接頭辞

un-

1. negation or absence of: un-, non- (added to nouns and adjectives)

   ‎un- + ‎dēadlīċ (“mortal”) → ‎undēadlīċ (“immortal”)

   ‎un- + ‎dēop (“deep”) → ‎undēop (“shallow”)

   ‎un- + ‎dīere (“expensive”) → ‎undīere (“cheap”)

   ‎un- + ‎druncen (“drunk”) → ‎undruncen (“sober”)

   ‎un- + ‎fæġer (“beautiful”) → ‎unfæġer (“ugly”)

   ‎un- + ‎ġewǣpnod (“armed”) → ‎unġewǣpnod (“unarmed”)

   ‎un- + ‎nytt (“useful”) → ‎unnytt (“useless”)

   ‎un- + ‎sċyldiġ (“guilty”) → ‎unsċyldiġ (“innocent”)

   ‎un- + ‎rīpe (“mature”) → ‎unrīpe (“immature”)

   ‎un- + ‎wita (“knower”) → ‎unwita (“idiot”)

2. bad (added to nouns to denote a pejorative sense; compare mis-, mal-)

   ‎un- + ‎dǣd (“action”) → ‎undǣd (“crime”)

   ‎un- + ‎hlīsa (“fame”) → ‎unhlīsa (“infamy”)

   ‎un- + ‎lǣċe (“doctor”) → ‎unlǣċe (“quack”)

   ‎un- + ‎lyft (“air”) → ‎unlyft (“malaria,” lit. “bad air”)

   ‎un- + ‎mann (“person”) → ‎unmann (“thug”)

   ‎un- + ‎rǣd (“advice”) → ‎unrǣd (“bad advice”)

   ‎un- + ‎stenċ (“smell”) → ‎unstenċ (“stench”)

   ‎un- + ‎swefn (“dream”) → ‎unswefn (“bad dream”)

   ‎un- + ‎tīma (“time”) → ‎untīma (“wrong time”)

   ‎un- + ‎þēaw (“habit”) → ‎unþēaw (“vice”)

   ‎un- + ‎weder (“weather”) → ‎unweder (“bad weather”)

同意語

• (bad): yfel

派生した語

• Middle English: un-, on-
  • English: un-
  • Scots: un-

語源 2

Originally an alternative form of on-, from Proto-Germanic *and-. Cognate with Old Frisian und-, Old Saxon ant-, Old High German ant- (German ent-).

別の表記

• on-

発音

• IPA: /un/

接頭辞

un-

1. forms verbs from verbs, with an opposite or reversive sense

派生語