Anarchistとは 意味・読み方・使い方

語源

From French anarchiste, from Ancient Greek ἀναρχία (anarkhía) from the roots ἀν- (an-, “without”) + ἀρχή (arkhḗ, “rule”), equivalent to anarchy +‎ -ist.

発音

• (Received Pronunciation) IPA: /ˈæn.ə.kɪst/
• (米国発音) enPR: ănʹər-kĭst, IPA: /ˈæn.ɑɹ.kɪst/

名詞

anarchist (plural anarchists)

1. One who believes in or advocates the absence of hierarchy and authority in most forms (compare anarchism), especially one who works toward the realization of such.
   • 1849 [1840], Pierre-Joseph Proudhon, “Caractères de la communauté et de la propriété”, in Qu’est-ce que la propriété?‎, page 237; English translation from “Characteristics of Communism and of Property.”, in Benjamin Tucker, transl., What Is Property?, 1876, page 272:

     “Well! you are a democrat?” — “No.” — “What! you would have a monarchy.” — “No.” — “A constitutionalist?” — “God forbid!” — “You are then an aristocrat?” — “Not at all.” — “You want a mixed government?” — “Still less.” — “What are you, then?” — “I am an anarchist.”

     [original: Eh bien ! vous êtes démocrate ? — Non. — Quoi ! vous seriez monarchique ? — Non. — Constitutionnel ? — Dieu m’en garde. — Vous êtes donc aristocrate ? — Point du tout. — Vous voulez un gouvernement mixte ? — Encore moins. — Qu’êtes-vous donc ? — Je suis anarchiste.]

   • 2000 August 5, Joseph Kahn, “Anarchism, the Creed That Won't Stay Dead; The Spread of World Capitalism Resurrects a Long-Dormant Movement”, in The New York Times‎, →ISSN:

     But nothing has revived anarchism like globalization. Anarchists are now battling what they see as a concentration of power in multinational corporations.

2. One who disregards laws and social norms as a form of rebellion against authority.
3. (by extension) One who promotes chaos and lawlessness.

   Synonym: nihilist

   • 1929, Alexander Berkman, “Is Anarchism Violence?”, in Now and After: The ABC of Communist Anarchism, New York: Vanguard Press, →OCLC:

     You have heard that Anarchists throw bombs, that they believe in violence, and that Anarchy means disorder and chaos.

4. One who resents outside control or influence on their life, in particular a government, and therefore desires the absence of political control.

使用する際の注意点

• Self-identified anarchists in sense 1 may object to the use of this term in senses 2 and 3. Also, not to be confused with anarchic, which has a slightly different meaning.

派生語

関連する語

• anarchy
• anarch
• anarcho-

参考

• libertarian

形容詞

anarchist (comparative more anarchist, superlative most anarchist)

1. (somewhat rare) Relating to anarchism or to anarchists; anarchistic.

アナグラム

• Thracians, antiarchs, anticrash, cantharis