FLOURとは 意味・読み方・使い方

語源

Spelled (until about 1830) and meaning flower in the sense of flour being the "finest portion of ground grain" (compare French fleur de farine, fine fleur). Doublet of fleur, flor, and flower. Partially displaced native meal.

The U.S. standard of identity comes from 21CFR137.105.

発音

• (英国発音) enPR: flou'ər IPA: /ˈflaʊ̯.ə/
• (米国発音, Canada) IPA: /ˈflaʊ̯.ɚ/
• (India) enPR: flär IPA: /flaː(r)/
• (Singapore) enPR: flär IPA: /flɑː/
• (Philippines) IPA: /fləɹ/, /flɑɹ/
• 韻: -aʊə(ɹ)
• Homophone: flower (for people who pronounce flour as two syllables or flower as one)

名詞

flour (usually uncountable, plural flours)

1. Powder obtained by grinding or milling cereal grains, especially wheat, or other foodstuffs such as soybeans and potatoes, and used to bake bread, cakes, and pastry.

   Hyponyms: cornflour, rice flour, rye flour, wheatflour, wheat flour; beanflour; bread flour, pastry flour, all-purpose flour, self-raising flour, self-rising flour

   Coordinate term: meal (precisely coordinate; broadly synonymous)

   • 1963, Margery Allingham, “Foreword”, in The China Governess: A Mystery, London: Chatto & Windus, →OCLC:

     Everything a living animal could do to destroy and to desecrate bed and walls had been done. […]   A canister of flour from the kitchen had been thrown at the looking-glass and lay like trampled snow over the remains of a decent blue suit with the lining ripped out which lay on top of the ruin of a plastic wardrobe.

2. (US standards of identity) The food made by grinding and bolting cleaned wheat (not durum or red durum) until it meets specified levels of fineness, dryness, and freedom from bran and germ, also containing any of certain enzymes, ascorbic acid, and certain bleaching agents.

   Synonyms: smeddum, plain flour, wheat flour, wheatmeal, white flour

3. Powder of other material.

   Hyponyms: wood flour; glacial flour, rock flour

   mustard flour

4. Obsolete form of flower.
   • 1886 May, Thomas Hardy, The Mayor of Casterbridge: The Life and Death of a Man of Character. […], volume II, London: Smith, Elder & Co., […], →OCLC:

     that nobody is wished to see my dead body. & that no murnurs walk behind me at my funeral. & that no flours be planted on my grave.

派生語

派生した語

• → Drehu: falawa
• → Maori: parāoa
• → Palauan: blauang
• → West Uvean: falawa

参考

• bran
• farina
• meal
• smeddum
• wheatmeal

動詞

flour (third-person singular simple present flours, present participle flouring, simple past and past participle floured)

1. (transitive) To apply flour to something; to cover with flour.
2. (transitive) To reduce to flour.
3. (intransitive) To break up into fine globules of mercury in the amalgamation process.

派生語

参照

アナグラム

• fluor, fluor-, four L, furol, orful, rufol

別の表記

• fflour, fflowr, fleur, flor, floure, flower, flowr, flowre, flowyr, flur

発音

• IPA: /fluːr/

名詞

flour (plural floures)

1. A flower (often representing impermanence or beauty)
   • 1387–1400, [Geoffrey] Chaucer, “Here Bygynneth the Book of the Tales of Caunt́burẏ”, in The Tales of Caunt́bury (Hengwrt Chaucer; Peniarth Manuscript 392D), Aberystwyth, Ceredigion: National Library of Wales, published [c. 1400–1410], →OCLC, folio 2, recto:

     Whan that Auerill w his shoures soote / The droghte of march hath ꝑced to the roote / And bathed euery veyne in swich lycour / Of which v̄tu engendred is the flour […]

     When that April, with its sweet showers / Has pierced March's drought to the root / And bathed every vein in fluid such that / with its power, the flower is made […]

2. A depiction or likeness of a flower.
3. A virtue or benefit; something desirable:
   1. That which is unparalleled; the top or most superior.
      • c. 1390, “Edward þe þridde”, in Sowlehele (Vernon Lyrics, Bodleian MS. Eng. poet. a. 1)‎, Worcestershire, folio 411, recto; republished at Oxford: Digital Bodleian, 10 January 2019:

        Now is þat ſchip. þat bar þe flour. / Selden seȝe. and sone foꝛȝete.

        Now that ship which bore the acme is / Rarely seen and quickly forgotten.

   2. An exemplar or example of a trait or behaviour.
   3. Success or achievement in a contest; victoriousness.
4. Flour (i.e. the best part of a grain)
5. A powder; especially one which is white like flour.
6. A woman's menstruation/period.
7. (rare) Virginity; sexual abstinence.

関連する語

• flourdelis
• flouren
• flourynge
• floury
• lilie flour

派生した語

• English: flower, flour

  Ottawa Valley: flouer, floor

  West Riding: flaar

• Scots: flouer, flour, floor
• → Middle Welsh: fflwr
  • Welsh: fflŵr

参照

語源 2

名詞

flour

1. alternative form of flor