Maiorとは 意味・読み方・使い方

語源

From Proto-Italic *magjōs, from Proto-Indo-European *méǵh₂yōs, from *meǵh₂- (“great”) +‎ *-yōs (comparative suffix).

発音

• (Classical Latin) IPA: [ˈmaj.jɔr]
• (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA: [ˈmaː.jor]
• The first syllable contains a short vowel followed by a long (double) consonantal -i-. For the purpose of Latin scansion, this forms a long syllable. Although many dictionaries mark vowels in this context with a macron, the vowel itself is not long.

形容詞

maior (comparative, neuter maius, superlative maximus or maxumus); third declension

1. comparative degree of magnus

   Antonym: minor

   • 63 BCE, Cicero, Catiline Orations Oratio in Catilinam Prima in Senatu Habita.10:

     […] domum meam maiōribus praesidiīs mūnīvī atque firmāvī, […] .

     […] I fortified and strengthened my home with greater defenses, […] .

   • 44 BCE, Cicero, De Officiis:

     Quamquam Africanus maiorem laudem meo iudicio assequebatur.

     Yet, in my judgment, Africanus earned the greater praise.

語形変化

Third-declension comparative adjective, with locative.

派生語

• maiestās (noun)
• maiusculus (diminutive)

派生した語

名詞

maior m (genitive maiōris); third declension

1. (in the plural) ancestors, forefathers; advanced in years, the aged; the elders
   • 106 BCE – 43 BCE, Cicero, Pro Archia Poeta Oratio line 284:

     Ergo illum, qui haec fecerat, Rudinum hominem, maiores nostri in civitatem receperunt.

     Therefore Ennius, who composed these poems, although a man from Rudiae, our ancestors granted him citizenship.

   • 8 CE, Ovid, Fasti 5.73–74:

     ‘hinc sua maiōrēs tribuisse vocābula Maiō
     tangor et aetātī cōnsuluisse suae.’

     ‘‘Because of this, the ancestors granted their name to May,
     I have come to grasp, and in regard to their own old age.’’
     (The muse Urania claims that the month of May honors the ‘‘maiōrēs’’ – ‘‘ancestors’’ or ‘‘elders’’.)

2. (Medieval Latin) A mayor (a leader of a city or town).

Inflection

Third-declension noun.

派生した語

• Old French: maire m
  • Middle French: maire m
    • French: maire m
  • Norman: maire m
  • → Middle English: maire
    • English: mayor

参照

Further reading

• “major”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879), A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “maior”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891), An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
• “maior”, in Gaffiot, Félix (1934), Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
• Carl Meißner; Henry William Auden (1894), Latin Phrase-Book‎, London: Macmillan and Co.
  • the elde: maior (natu)
    
  • the majority: maior pars
    
  • (ambiguous) to exaggerate a thing: in maius ferre, in maius extollere aliquid
    
  • (ambiguous) to overestimate a thing: in maius accipere aliquid
    
  • (ambiguous) to deteriorate: a maiorum virtute desciscere, degenerare, deflectere
    
  • (ambiguous) according to the custom and tradition of my fathers: more institutoque maiorum (Mur. 1. 1)
    
  • (ambiguous) what is more important: quod maius est
    
• maior in Ramminger, Johann (16 July 2016 (last accessed)), Neulateinische Wortliste: Ein Wörterbuch des Lateinischen von Petrarca bis 1700‎, pre-publication website, 2005-2016
• “maior”, in William Smith, editor (1848), A Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology, London: John Murray