measureとは 意味・読み方・使い方

語源

From 中期英語 mesure, from Old French mesure, from Latin mēnsūra (“a measure”), from mēnsus, past participle of mētīrī (“to measure”). Largely displaced native 古期英語 metan ("to measure" whence modern mete) and ġemet (“a measure”).

発音

• (Received Pronunciation) IPA: /ˈmɛʒ.ə/
• (General American, Canada) IPA: /ˈmɛʒ.ɚ/
• (regional 米国発音) IPA: /ˈmeɪ.ʒɚ/, /ˈmɪ.ʒɚ/
• (General Australian) IPA: /ˈmeʒ.ə/
• (New Zealand) IPA: /ˈmeʒ.ə/, (regional,incorrect) /ˈmeɪ.ʒə/
• (Philippines) IPA: /ˈmɛʃʊɹ/
• 韻: -ɛʒə(ɹ)
• ハイフネーション: meas‧ure; mea‧sure

名詞

measure (plural measures)

1. A prescribed quantity or extent.
   1. (obsolete) Moderation, temperance. [13th–19th c.]
      • 1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, Jeremiah 30::

        I will correct thee in measure, and will not leaue thee altogether vnpunished.

   2. A limit that cannot be exceeded; a bound. (Now chiefly in set phrases.) [from 14th c.]

      Mom's rage has no measure.

      • 1667, John Milton, “Book V”, in Paradise Lost. […], London: […] [Samuel Simmons], and are to be sold by Peter Parker […]; [a]nd by Robert Boulter […]; [a]nd Matthias Walker, […], →OCLC; republished as Paradise Lost in Ten Books: […], London: Basil Montagu Pickering […], 1873, →OCLC:

        Full to the utmost measure of what bliss Human desires can seek or apprehend.

      • 2005, J Coarguo, Hávamál: The Words of the High One a Personal Interpretation:

        but there is never found a foolish man who knows the measure of his stomach

      • 25 August 2009, Mike Selvey, The Guardian:

        They have gloried to this day, the tedious interminable big-screen replays of that golden summer irritating beyond measure.

   3. An (unspecified) portion or quantity. [from 16th c.]
      • 6 September 2013, Daniel Taylor, “Danny Welbeck leads England's rout of Moldova but hit by Ukraine ban”, in The Guardian‎:

        It ended up being a bittersweet night for England, full of goals to send the crowd home happy, buoyed by the news that Montenegro and Poland had drawn elsewhere in Group H but also with a measure of regret about what happened to Danny Welbeck and what it means for Roy Hodgson's team going into a much more difficult assignment against Ukraine.

2. The act or result of measuring.
   1. (now chiefly cooking) A receptacle or vessel of a standard size, capacity etc. as used to deal out specific quantities of some substance. [from 14th c.]

      a measure of salt

   2. A standard against which something can be judged; a criterion. [from 14th c.]

      Honesty is the true measure of a man.

      • 2011 October 23, Phil McNulty, “Man Utd 1-6 Man City”, in BBC Sport:

        City were also the victors on that occasion 56 years ago, winning 5-0, but this visit was portrayed as a measure of their progress against the 19-time champions.

   3. Any of various standard units of capacity. [from 14th c.]

      The villagers paid a tithe of a thousand measures of corn.

   4. A unit of measurement. [from 14th c.]
      • 1993, Scientific American, February 33.3:

        The fragments shrank by increments of about three kilodaltons (a measure of molecular weight).

   5. The size of someone or something, as ascertained by measuring. (Now chiefly in make to measure.) [from 14th c.]
      • 1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, Job 11:9:

        The measure thereof is longer than the earth, and broader than the sea.

   6. (now rare) The act or process of measuring. [from 14th c.]
   7. A ruler, measuring stick, or graduated tape used to take measurements. [from 16th c.]
   8. (geology) A bed or stratum. [from 17th c.]

      coal measures; lead measures

      • 1951 May, R. K. Kirkland, “The Cavan & Leitrim Railway”, in Railway Magazine, page 339:

        For many years the coal measures on the shores of Lough Allen were worked only in the most primitive fashion, and the coal was transported laboriously in the inevitable ass carts of the Irish peasant.

   9. (mathematics, now rare) A number which is contained in a given number a number of times without a remainder; a divisor or factor. [from 16th c.]

      the greatest common measure of two or more numbers

   10. (mathematics, measure theory) A function which obeys a particular set of formal conditions, created to generalize and rigorize the notions of length, volume, and probability. Formally, a non-negative, countably additive set function on a sigma-algebra; see Measure (mathematics) on Wikipedia.Wikipedia [from 20th c.]
3. Metrical rhythm.
   1. (now archaic) A melody. [from 14th c.]
   2. (now archaic) A dance. [from 15th c.]
      • 1808 February 22, Walter Scott, “Canto Fifth. The Court.”, in Marmion; a Tale of Flodden Field, Edinburgh: […] J[ames] Ballantyne and Co. for Archibald Constable and Company, […]; London: William Miller, and John Murray, →OCLC, stanza XII (Lochinvar. Lady Heron’s Song.), page 259:

        He took her soft hand, ere her mother could bar,— / "Now tread we a measure!" said young Lochinvar.

      • 1922, Michael Arlen, “2/2/2”, in “Piracy”: A Romantic Chronicle of These Days‎:

        They danced on silently, softly. Their feet played tricks to the beat of the tireless measure, that exquisitely asinine blare which is England's punishment for having lost America.

   3. (poetry) The manner of ordering and combining the quantities, or long and short syllables; meter; rhythm; hence, a metrical foot. [from 15th c.]

      a poem in iambic measure

   4. (music) A musical designation consisting of all notes and or rests delineated by two vertical bars; an equal and regular division of the whole of a composition; a bar. [from 17th c.]
4. A course of action.
   1. (in the plural) Actions designed to achieve some purpose; plans. [from 17th c.]
      • 2020 March 12, “It's coronavirus-free, but El Salvador is banning all foreign travellers”, in The Straits Times:

        The president said the measures involve a ban on all visitors to the country via all ports of entry who aren't residents or diplomats. El Salvadorans or residents who return to El Salvador will be quarantined for 30 days..

   2. A piece of legislation. [from 18th c.]
      • 2013 June 8, “Obama goes troll-hunting”, in The Economist, volume 407, number 8839, page 55:

        The solitary, lumbering trolls of Scandinavian mythology would sometimes be turned to stone by exposure to sunlight. Barack Obama is hoping that several measures announced on June 4th will have a similarly paralysing effect on their modern incarnation, the patent troll.

同意語

• (musical designation): bar
• (unit of measurement): metric

下位語

• (mathematics):

派生語

派生した語

• → Japanese: メジャー (mejā)

動詞

measure (third-person singular simple present measures, present participle measuring, simple past and past participle measured)

1. To ascertain the quantity of a unit of material via calculated comparison with respect to a standard.

   Synonym: take

   We measured the temperature with a thermometer.   You should measure the angle with a spirit level.

   • 2003, An Outline of Interior Affairs, Republic of China, 2003‎, →ISBN, →OCLC, page 114:

     This park is the first large-scale public park in Taiwan. It is located on the border of Nantzu District in Kaohsiung City and Chiaotou village, Kaohsiung County and this park measures 95 hectares.

   • 2013 June 1, “Towards the end of poverty”, in The Economist, volume 407, number 8838, page 11:

     But poverty’s scourge is fiercest below $1.25 (the average of the 15 poorest countries’ own poverty lines, measured in 2005 dollars and adjusted for differences in purchasing power): people below that level live lives that are poor, nasty, brutish and short.

2. (stative) To be of (a certain size), to have (a certain measurement)

   The window measured two square feet.

3. To estimate the unit size of something.

   I measure that at 10 centimetres.

4. To judge, value, or appraise.
   • c. 1587–1588 (date written), [Christopher Marlowe], Tamburlaine the Great. […] The First Part […], 2nd edition, part 1, London: […] [R. Robinson for] Richard Iones, […], published 1592, →OCLC; reprinted as Tamburlaine the Great (A Scolar Press Facsimile), Menston, Yorkshire; London: Scolar Press, 1973, →ISBN, Act I, scene ii:

     ſince they meaſure our deſerts so meane,
     That in conceit beare Empires on our ſpeares,
     Affecting thoughts coequall with the cloudes,
     They ſhalbe kept our forced followers,
     Til with their eies they view vs Emperours.

   • 1667, John Milton, “Book VII”, in Paradise Lost. […], London: […] [Samuel Simmons], and are to be sold by Peter Parker […]; [a]nd by Robert Boulter […]; [a]nd Matthias Walker, […], →OCLC; republished as Paradise Lost in Ten Books: […], London: Basil Montagu Pickering […], 1873, →OCLC:

     Great are thy works, Jehovah, infinite / Thy power! what thought can measure thee?

5. To obtain or set apart; to mark in even increments.
6. (rare) To traverse, cross, pass along; to travel over.
   • c. 1590–1591 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Two Gentlemen of Verona”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act II, scene vii]:

     A true devoted pilgrim is not weary / To measure kingdoms with his feeble steps.

   • 1859, Ferna Vale, Natalie; or, A Gem Among the Sea-Weeds:

     "And for a very sensible reason; there never was but one like her; or, that is, I have always thought so until to-day," replied the tar, glancing toward Natalie; "for my old eyes have seen pretty much everything they have got in this little world. Ha! I should like to see the inch of land or water that my foot hasn't measured."

7. To adjust by a rule or standard.
   • 1651, Jer[emy] Taylor, The Rule and Exercises of Holy Living. […], 2nd edition, London: […] Francis Ashe […], →OCLC:

     To secure a contented spirit, you must measure your desires by your fortune and condition, not your fortunes by your desires

8. (often with out or off) To allot or distribute by measure; to set off or apart by measure; often with.
   • 1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, Matthew 7:2:

     With what measure ye mete, it shall be measured to you again.

   • 1711 September 12 (Gregorian calendar), [Joseph Addison; Richard Steele et al.], “SATURDAY, September 1, 1711”, in The Spectator, number 159; republished in Alexander Chalmers, editor, The Spectator; a New Edition, […], volume II, New York, N.Y.: D[aniel] Appleton & Company, 1853, →OCLC:

     That portion of eternity which is called time, measured out by the sun.

     The spelling has been modernized.

9. (transitive) To regulate or control (one's actions, speech, etc.), as if one were carefully measuring their length or quantity.
   • 1912, A. Everett George, The Montessori Method, Frederick A. Stokes Co., translation of original by Maria Montessori, page 110:

     To measure one’s own activity, to make it conform to these standards of clearness, brevity and truth, is practically a very difficult matter.

   • 1992, Edward Berenson, The Trial of Madame Caillaux, Univ of California Press, →ISBN, page 17:

     In its opening portrait of Madame Caillaux, the rightist and anti-Caillaux Illustration asked its readers to imagine not a wronged victim or a female ruled by emotion but a careful player who measured her every word.

   • 2009 May 26, Demetra Tzanaki, Women and Nationalism in the Making of Modern Greece: The Founding of the Kingdom to the Greco-Turkish War, Springer, →ISBN, page 119:

     He measured his actions with a critical eye and was an exemplary citizen and householder. He was, the author explained, a simple, good man, and like all simple, good men he had an ideal  […]

派生語

Further reading

• “measure”, in Lexico, Dictionary.com; Oxford University Press, 2019–2022.
• “measure”, in Webster’s Revised Unabridged Dictionary, Springfield, Mass.: G. & C. Merriam, 1913, →OCLC.
• William Dwight Whitney, Benjamin E[li] Smith, editors (1911), “measure”, in The Century Dictionary […], New York, N.Y.: The Century Co., →OCLC.
• “measure”, in OneLook Dictionary Search.

アナグラム

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