prohibeoとは 意味・読み方・使い方

発音

• (Classical Latin) IPA: [proˈ(ɦ)ɪ.be.oː]
• (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA: [proˈiː.be.o]

動詞

prohibeō (present infinitive prohibēre, perfect active prohibuī, supine prohibitum); second conjugation

1. to hold back or before, keep or ward off, restrain; avert; prevent, hinder

   Synonyms: impediō, obstō, moror, arceō, cohibeō, supprimō, cūnctor, contineō, dētineō, retineō, refrēnō, tardō, intersaepiō, inclūdō, perimō, obstō, officiō

   • 29 BCE – 19 BCE, Virgil, Aeneid 1.540–541:

     “Hospitiō prohibēmur harēnae;
     bella cient, prīmāque vetant cōnsistere terrā.”

     “We [Trojans] are being kept back from the refuge of the beach; [the Carthaginians] provoke hostilities, and they forbid [us] to set foot on the first [part of your] land [i.e., the shoreline].”
     (Trojan envoy Ilioneus is addressing Queen Dido.)

2. to forbid, prohibit

   Synonyms: abdīcō, vetō

   Male etiam, quī peregrīnōs urbibus ūtī prohibent eōsque exterminant.

   Those who prohibit foreigners from using their cities and expel them also act badly.

3. to keep, preserve, defend, protect

   Synonyms: salvō, tūtor, vindicō, servō, cū̆stōdiō, sospitō, teneō, adimō, prōtegō, tegō, adsum, sustineō, dēfendō, tueor, arceō

   Antonyms: immineō, īnstō, obiectō

   • 29 BCE – 19 BCE, Virgil, Aeneid 1.525:

     “ōrāmus prohibē īnfandōs ā nāvibus ignīs”

     “We beg [you]: Keep dreadful fires [away] from [our] ships!”
     (Ilioneus petitions Queen Dido to protect the Trojan fleet now moored near Carthage.)

4. to keep someone (accusative) off something (ablative)
   • c. 52 BCE, Julius Caesar, Commentarii de Bello Gallico VII.14:

     ut pabulatione et commeatu Romani prohibeantur

     So that the Romans should be prohibited from foraging and procuring the provisions

Conjugation

At least one use of the Old Latin "sigmatic future" and "sigmatic aorist" tenses is attested, which are used by Old Latin writers; most notably Plautus and Terence. The sigmatic future is generally ascribed a future or future perfect meaning, while the sigmatic aorist expresses a possible desire ("might want to").

派生語

• prohibitiō
• prohibitor
• prohibitus

関連する語

派生した語

参照

• “prohibeo”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879), A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “prohibeo”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891), An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
• “prohibeo”, in Gaffiot, Félix (1934), Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
• Carl Meißner; Henry William Auden (1894), Latin Phrase-Book‎, London: Macmillan and Co.
  • heaven forfend: di prohibeant, di meliora!
    
  • to welcome to one's house (opp. to shut one's door against some one): tecto, (in) domum suam aliquem recipere (opp. prohibere aliquem tecto, domo)
    
  • to strike off the burgess-roll: censu prohibere, excludere
    
  • to cut off all supplies of the enemy: intercludere, prohibere hostes commeatu
    
  • to be unable to land: portu, terra prohiberi (B. C. 3. 15)