riveとは 意味・読み方・使い方

発音

• (英国発音, General American) IPA: /ɹaɪv/
• 韻: -aɪv

語源 1

From 中期英語 riven (“to rive”), of North Germanic origin, from Old Norse rífa (“to rend, tear apart”), from Proto-Germanic *rīfaną (“to tear, scratch”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₁reyp- (“to crumble, tear”).

Cognate with Danish rive (“to tear”), Old Frisian rīva (“to tear”), 古期英語 ārǣfan (“to let loose, unwrap”), Old Norse ript (“breach of contract, rift”), Norwegian Bokmål rive (“to tear”), Swedish riva (”to tear”) and Albanian rrip (“belt, rope”). More at rift.

動詞

rive (third-person singular simple present rives, present participle riving, simple past rived or rove or rave, past participle rived or rove or rave or riven)

1. (transitive, archaic except in past participle) To tear apart by force; to rend; to split; to cleave.
   • 1599 (first performance), William Shakespeare, “The Tragedie of Iulius Cæsar”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act I, scene iii]:

     I have seen tempests, when the scolding winds / Have rived the knotty oaks […]

2. (transitive, archaic) To pierce or cleave with a weapon.
   • 1485, Sir Thomas Malory, “vj”, in Le Morte Darthur, book II:

     And therwith she toke the swerd from her loue that lay ded and fylle to the ground in a swowne / And whan she aroos she made grete dole out of mesure / the whiche sorowe greued Balyn passyngly sore / and he wente vnto her for to haue taken the swerd oute of her hād but […] sodenly she sette the pomell to the ground / and rofe her self thorow the body

     (please add an English translation of this quotation)

   • 1924, Lord Dunsany, chapter III, in The King of Elfland's Daughter, New York: G.P. Puttnam's Sons, page 30:

     And the sword that had visited Earth from so far away smote like the falling of thunderbolts [...] and the runes in Alveric’s far-travelled sword exulted, and roared at the elf-knight; until in the dark of the wood, amongst branches severed from disenchanted trees, with a blow like that of a thunderbolt riving an oak-tree, Alveric slew him.

3. (intransitive) To break apart; to split.
   • 1590, Edmund Spenser, “Book II, Canto VI”, in The Faerie Queene. […], London: […] [John Wolfe] for William Ponsonbie, →OCLC:

     The varlet at his plaint was grieu'd so sore, / That his deepe wounded hart in two did riue […].

   • 1728, John Woodward, An Attempt towards a Natural History of the Fossils of England:

     Freestone i.e. that rives, splits, and breaks in any direction.

   • 2012, David W. Phillipson, Foundations of an African Civilisation. Aksum & the northern Horn, 1000 BC–AD 1300, Woodbridge, Suffolk: James Currey, page 10:

     To the west, the country descends more gradually to the extensive plains of the Nile Valley but is riven by the rugged valleys of the Takezze and other Nile tributaries.

   • 2021 October 20, Angie Doll explains to Paul Clifton, “We were absolutely at rock bottom...”, in RAIL, number 942, page 34:

     The company was riven by strikes. Years later, the dispute with the RMT union over driver operation of train doors has still not formally been resolved.

   • 2023 September 12, Patrick Wintour, “‘Disastrous beyond comprehension’: 10,000 missing after Libya floods”, in The Guardian‎, →ISSN:

     Oil-rich Libya has been riven by political infighting, corruption and external interference since a 2011 uprising that toppled and later led to the death of the longtime ruler Muammar Gaddafi.

4. (transitive, rare) To burst open; explode; discharge.
   • 1821, William Shakespeare, James Boswell, Richard Farmer, The Plays and Poems of William Shakespeare:

     Ten thousand French have ta'en the sacrament, To rive their dangerous artillery

5. (woodworking) To use a technique of splitting or sawing wood radially from a log (e.g. clapboards).

同意語

• (to rend asunder): cleave, rend, split

派生語

参考

• rip
• rib

名詞

rive (plural rives)

1. A place torn; a rent; a rift.

同意語

• (a place torn): rent, rift

語源 2

Compare Latin ripa (“shore”)

This etymology is incomplete. You can help Wiktionary by elaborating on the origins of this term.

名詞

rive (plural rives)

1. A bank or shore.

動詞

rive

1. To land.

アナグラム

• Irve, iver, vier, vire, Iver

参照

• "rive", in Charles du Fresne du Cange, Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)