spiritusとは 意味・読み方・使い方

名詞

spiritus (plural spirituses or spiritus)

1. A breathing.
2. An aspirate.
3. Any spirituous preparation.

関連する語

語源

From spīrō (“to breathe; to blow, exhale, emit; to respire; to live; to be inspired; to show, express”) +‎ -tus.

発音

• (Classical Latin) IPA: [ˈspiː.rɪ.tʊs]
• (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA: [ˈspiː.ri.tus]

名詞

spīritus m (genitive spīritūs); fourth declension

1. air, breath, breathing

   Synonyms: spīrātiō, anima

   • 1833, Classicorum auctorum e Vaticanicis codicibus editorum tomus V., Rome, page 595:

     Spīritūs sunt duo dasia et psile.

     There are two breathings [in Ancient Greek]: rough and smooth.

2. light breeze
3. spirit, ghost
4. mind
   • 405 CE, Jerome, Vulgate Proverbs.29.11:

     tōtum spīritum suum prōfert stultus sapiēns differt et reservat in posterum

     A fool uttereth all his mind: a wise man deferreth, and keepeth it till afterwards. (trans. Douay-Rheims Bible)

5. energy; courage

   Synonyms: virtūs, fortitūdō, fīdūcia, animus

6. pride, haughtiness, arrogance

   Synonyms: superbia, arrogantia

語形変化

Fourth-declension noun.

派生語

関連する語

派生した語

参照

• Walther von Wartburg (1928–2002), “spīritus”, in Französisches Etymologisches Wörterbuch, volume 12: Sk–š, page 195
• Meyer-Lübke, Wilhelm (1911), “spiritus”, in Romanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch (in German)

Further reading

• “spiritus”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879), A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “spiritus”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891), An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
• "spiritus", in Charles du Fresne du Cange, Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
• “spiritus”, in Gaffiot, Félix (1934), Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette, page 1468.

• spiritus in Georges, Karl Ernst; Georges, Heinrich (1913–1918), Ausführliches lateinisch-deutsches Handwörterbuch, 8th edition, volume 2, Hahnsche Buchhandlung, column 2764
• Carl Meißner; Henry William Auden (1894), Latin Phrase-Book‎, London: Macmillan and Co.
  • to breathe, live: animam, spiritum ducere
    
  • to breathe the air: aera spiritu ducere
    
  • to suffocate a person: spiritum intercludere alicui
    
  • to give up the ghost: extremum vitae spiritum edere
    
  • inspired: divino quodam spiritu inflatus or tactus
    
  • to be haughty: magnos spiritus sibi sumere (B. G. 1. 33)
    
  • to lower a person's pride: spiritus alicuius reprimere
    
  • patrician arrogance; pride of caste: spiritus patricii (Liv. 4. 42)
    
  • to assume a despotic tone: regios spiritus sibi sumere
    
  • to destroy a despotism, tyranny: regios spiritus reprimere (Nep. Dion. 5. 5)