ususとは 意味・読み方・使い方

名詞

usus (uncountable)

1. (law) The use of something.
2. (linguistics) Widespread de facto usage, regardless of whether it conforms to a standard.

語源 1

From Proto-Italic *oissos. Equivalent to ūtor +‎ -sus (action noun).

別の表記

• ūsuus (Medieval Latin)

名詞

ūsus m (genitive ūsūs); fourth declension

1. use, employment, exercise, advantage
   • Julius Caesar, Commentarii De Bello Civili, Book 2, Stanza 8

     Postea vero, ut est rerum omnium magister usus, hominum adhibita sollertia inventum est magno esse usui posse, si haec esset in altitudinem turris elata.

     But afterwards — as experience is the teacher of all things — it was discovered, by the application of the men's ingenuity, that it could be of great use to them if this tower were raised to a height.

   Synonyms: commodum, praemium, commoditas, profectus

   Antonym: incommodum

2. practice
   • Cicero, Pro Balbo, section 45

     Adsiduus usus uni rei deditus et ingenium et artem saepe vincit.

     Constant practice devoted to one subject often prevails over both ability and skill.

3. experience, discipline, skill
   • Julius Caesar, Commentarii De Bello Civili, Book 2, Stanza 8

     Postea vero, ut est rerum omnium magister usus, hominum adhibita sollertia inventum est magno esse usui posse, si haec esset in altitudinem turris elata.

     But afterwards — as experience is the teacher of all things — it was discovered, by the application of the men's ingenuity, that it could be of great use to them if this tower were raised to a height.

   Synonyms: disciplīna, experientia

4. habit, usage, custom, etc., and aspects of the use or practice of something

   Synonyms: mos, solitum, exemplum

   • c. 4 BCE – 65 CE, Seneca the Younger, Epistulae Morales ad Lucilium 47.11:

     Nōlō in ingentem mē locum immittere et dē ūsū servōrum disputāre, in quōs superbissimī, crūdēlissimī, contumēliōsissimī sumus.

     I don’t want to get myself into a huge topic and argue about the treatment of slaves, towards whom we are exceedingly arrogant, cruel, and abusive.
     (The meaning extends beyond the practical “use” of slave labor to the habit or custom of its application; in other words, how the slaves themselves are treated. The Richard M. Gummere translation, e.g., has “treatment” in this sense of “usu”.)

5. neediness, necessity, need, want, exigency

   Synonyms: egestās, pēnūria, paupertās, dēsīderium, necessitās, inopia, indigentia, opus

語形変化

Fourth-declension noun.

反意語

• incommodum

派生語

• ūsuālis

派生した語

語源 2

Perfect active participle of ūtor (“to make use of”).

Participle

ūsus (feminine ūsa, neuter ūsum); first/second-declension participle

1. used, employed, having used.
2. enjoyed, having taken advantage of.
3. experienced, undergone, having experienced.
4. worn, having worn.
5. consumed, having consumed.

語形変化

First/second-declension adjective.

参照

• “usus”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879), A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “usus”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891), An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
• usus in Enrico Olivetti, editor (2003-2025), Dizionario Latino, Olivetti Media Communication
• “usus”, in Gaffiot, Félix (1934), Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
• Carl Meißner; Henry William Auden (1894), Latin Phrase-Book‎, London: Macmillan and Co.
  • to be of use: usui or ex usu esse
    
  • to employ in the furtherance of one's interests: aliquid in usum suum conferre
    
  • to use up, make full use of one's spare time: otio abūti or otium ad suum usum transferre
    
  • to have a theoretical knowledge of a thing: ratione, doctrina (opp. usu) aliquid cognitum habere
    
  • to combine theory with practice: doctrinam ad usum adiungere
    
  • to have had practical experience: in rebus atque in usu versatum esse
    
  • to possess experience: usu praeditum esse
    
  • to have had great experience in a thing: magnum usum in aliqua re habere
    
  • varied, manifold experience: multarum rerum usus
    
  • we know from experience: usu rerum (vitae, vitae communis) edocti sumus
    
  • we know from experience: usu cognitum habemus
    
  • everyday experience tells us this: res ipsa, usus rerum (cotidie) docet
    
  • experience has taught me: usus me docuit
    
  • the ordinary usage of language, everyday speech: cotidiani sermonis usus
    
  • good Latin: sermo latinus (opp. sermo parum latinus) (cf. sect. VII. 2., note For the use of adverbs...)
    
  • to be on friendly terms with a person: usu, familiaritate, consuetudine coniunctum esse cum aliquo
    
  • to be on friendly terms with a person: est mihi consuetudo, or usus cum aliquo
    
  • we have known each other well for several years: vetus usus inter nos intercedit
    
  • it is traditional usage: more, usu receptum est
    
  • a man who has held many offices: amplis honoribus usus (Sall. Iug. 25. 4)
    
  • veterans; experienced troops: qui magnum in castris usum habent
    
  • to possess great experience in military matters: magnum usum in re militari habere (Sest. 5. 12)
    
• “usus”, in William Smith et al., editor (1890), A Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities, London: William Wayte. G. E. Marindin