vultusとは 意味・読み方・使い方

語源

From earlier voltus (the standard spelling into the 1st century CE) with regular /ol → ul/ before consonants, from Proto-Italic *woltus, from Proto-Indo-European *wel- (“to see”), probably e-grade with regular /el → ol/.

Cognate to Welsh gweld, Tocharian B yel- (“to examine”) and Gothic 𐍅𐌿𐌻𐌸𐌿𐍃 (wulþus, “glory”) (from zero-grade).

発音

• vultus:
  • (Classical Latin) IPA: [ˈwʊɫ.tʊs]
  • (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA: [ˈvul.tus]
• vultūs:
  • (Classical Latin) IPA: [ˈwʊɫ.tuːs]
  • (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA: [ˈvul.tus]

名詞

vultus m (genitive vultūs); fourth declension

1. a facial expression, look, countenance

   Synonym: ōs

   • 405 CE, Jerome, Vulgate Proverbs 27:23:

     dīligenter agnōsce vultum pecoris tuī tuōsque gregēs cōnsīderā

     • Translation by Douay-Rheims Bible

       Be diligent to know the countenance of thy cattle, and consider thy own flocks

   1. the expression appropriate to a type of person or situation; a visage, mien, demeanor
2. (anatomy, often in the plural) the front of the head, face

   Synonyms: frōns, ōs

3. the face as involved in looking; the view, gaze

   Synonym: aspectus

4. the distinctive appearance, looks, features

   Synonym: speciēs

   1. (of beings and things) the outward appearance, face, aspect
      • 8 CE, Ovid, Metamorphoses 1.5–7:

        Ante mare et terrās et quod tegit omnia caelum
        ūnus erat tōtō nātūrae vultus in orbe,
        quem dīxēre chaos: […]

        Before the sea and the lands and the sky that covers over all things,
        there was one face of nature in the whole world,
        which they called chaos: […]

語形変化

Fourth-declension noun.

派生した語

• Galician: vulto
• Italian: volto
• Old French: volt
• Old Occitan: volt
  • Occitan: vòlt
• Portuguese: vulto
• Spanish: bulto, vulto

参考

• cara

参照

• “uultus” on page 2340 of the Oxford Latin Dictionary (2nd ed., 2012)
• Pokorny, Julius (1959), Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 3, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, page 1136

Further reading

• “vultus”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879), A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• "vultus", in Charles du Fresne du Cange, Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
• “vultus”, in Gaffiot, Félix (1934), Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette, page 1698.
• vultus in Georges, Karl Ernst; Georges, Heinrich (1913–1918), Ausführliches lateinisch-deutsches Handwörterbuch, 8th edition, volume 2, Hahnsche Buchhandlung, column 3565
• Carl Meißner; Henry William Auden (1894), Latin Phrase-Book‎, London: Macmillan and Co.
  • his eyes are always fixed on some one's face: oculi in vultu alicuius habitant
    
  • to dissemble, disguise one's feelings: vultum fingere
    
  • a feigned expression: vultus ficti simulatique
    
  • to put on a stern air: vultum componere ad severitatem
    
  • to keep one's countenance, remain impassive: vultum non mutare