wakeとは 意味・読み方・使い方

発音

• (Received Pronunciation, 米国発音) IPA: /weɪk/
• (Canada) IPA: /weːk/
• Homophone: Wake
• 韻: -eɪk

語源 1

A merger of two verbs of similar form and meaning:

• 中期英語 waken, 古期英語 wacan, from Proto-West Germanic *wakan, from Proto-Germanic *wakaną.
• 中期英語 wakien, 古期英語 wacian, from Proto-West Germanic *wakēn, from Proto-Germanic *wakāną.

動詞

wake (third-person singular simple present wakes, present participle waking, simple past woke or waked, past participle woken or waked or (now colloquial) woke)

1. (intransitive) (often followed by up) To stop sleeping.

   Synonyms: get up, stir; see also Thesaurus:wake

   I woke up at four o'clock this morning.

   • [1898], J[ohn] Meade Falkner, Moonfleet, London; Toronto, Ont.: Jonathan Cape, published 1934, →OCLC:

     How long I slept I cannot tell, for I had nothing to guide me to the time, but woke at length, and found myself still in darkness.

2. (transitive) (often followed by up) To make somebody stop sleeping; to rouse from sleep.

   Synonyms: awaken, rouse; see also Thesaurus:awaken

   The neighbour's car alarm woke me from a strange dream.

   • 1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, Zechariah 4:1:

     And the Angell that talked with me, came againe and waked me, […]

3. (transitive, figurative) To put in motion or action; to arouse; to excite.

   Synonyms: awaken, rouse; see also Thesaurus:incite, Thesaurus:thrill

   • 1671, John Milton, “Samson Agonistes, […].”, in Paradise Regain’d. A Poem. In IV Books. To which is Added, Samson Agonistes, London: […] J[ohn] M[acock] for John Starkey […], →OCLC, page 59:

     Not for my life, leſt fierce remembrance wake
     My ſudden rage to tear thee joint by joint.

   • 1880, John Richard Green, History of the English People:

     Even Richard's crusade woke little interest in his island realm.

4. (intransitive, figurative) To be excited or roused up; to be stirred up from a dormant, torpid, or inactive state; to be active.

   Synonyms: quicken, start, startle

   • 1667, John Milton, “Book IX”, in Paradise Lost. […], London: […] [Samuel Simmons], and are to be sold by Peter Parker […]; [a]nd by Robert Boulter […]; [a]nd Matthias Walker, […], →OCLC; republished as Paradise Lost in Ten Books: […], London: Basil Montagu Pickering […], 1873, →OCLC, lines 93–94:

     and gentle Aires due at thir hour
     To fan the Earth now wak'd,

   • 1827, [John Keble], “Easter Day”, in The Christian Year: Thoughts in Verse for the Sundays and Holydays throughout the Year, volume I, Oxford, Oxfordshire: […] [B]y W. Baxter, for J. Parker; and C[harles] and J[ohn] Rivington, […], →OCLC, page 146:

     Then wake, my soul, to high desires,
     And earlier light thine altar fires: […]

5. To watch, or sit up with, at night, as a dead body.

   Synonyms: bewake, watch

   • 1824, Sir Walter Scott, Redgauntlet:

     Dougal said that being alone with the dead on that floor of the tower (for naebody cared to wake Sir Robert Redgauntlet like another corpse) he had never daured to answer the call, but that now his conscience checked him for neglecting his duty; […]

6. To be or remain awake; not to sleep.

   Synonyms: stay up, watch

   • 1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, Ecclesiasticus 42:9:

     The father waketh for the daughter when no man knoweth, and the care for her taketh away sleepe;

   • 1667, John Milton, “Book III”, in Paradise Lost. […], London: […] [Samuel Simmons], and are to be sold by Peter Parker […]; [a]nd by Robert Boulter […]; [a]nd Matthias Walker, […], →OCLC; republished as Paradise Lost in Ten Books: […], London: Basil Montagu Pickering […], 1873, →OCLC, lines 696–697:

     And oft though wiſdom wake, ſuspicion ſleeps
     At wiſdoms Gate,

   • 1689 (indicated as 1690), [John Locke], An Essay Concerning Humane Understanding. […], London: […] Eliz[abeth] Holt, for Thomas Basset, […], →OCLC:
     , Book II, Chapter I

     I cannot think any time, waking or sleeping, without being sensible of it.

7. (obsolete) To be alert; to keep watch

   Synonyms: bewake, invigilate, keep watch, watch

   Command unto the guards that they diligently wake.

8. (obsolete) To sit up late for festive purposes; to hold a night revel.
   • c. 1599–1602 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Tragedie of Hamlet, Prince of Denmarke”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act I, scene iv]:

     The king doth wake to-night, and takes his rouse,
     Keeps wassail, and the swaggering upspring reels.

Conjugation

派生語

関連する語

• wacken

語源 2

From 中期英語 wake, from 古期英語 wacu, from Proto-Germanic *wakō, related to the verb *wakjaną.

名詞

wake (plural wakes)

1. (often obsolete or poetic) The act of waking, or state of being awake.
   • c. 1597 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The First Part of Henry the Fourth, […]”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act III, scene i]:

     Making such difference 'twixt wake and sleep.

   • 1677 (first performance), John Dryden, All for Love: Or, The World Well Lost. A Tragedy, […], [London]: […] Tho[mas] Newcomb, for Henry Herringman, […], published 1678, →OCLC, (please specify the page number):

     Singing her flatteries to my morning wake.

   • 2013, William H. Moorcroft, Understanding Sleep and Dreaming, page 27:

     After a few weeks of age, longer periods of sleep and wake are seen […]

2. The state of forbearing sleep, especially for solemn or festive purposes; a vigil.

   Hyponym: deathwatch

   • 1697, Virgil, “Palamon and Arcite”, in John Dryden, transl., The Works of Virgil: Containing His Pastorals, Georgics, and Æneis. […], London: […] Jacob Tonson, […], →OCLC:

     The warlike wakes continued all the night,
     And funeral games played at new returning light.

   • 1634 October 9 (first performance), [John Milton], edited by H[enry] Lawes, A Maske Presented at Ludlow Castle, 1634: […] [Comus], London: […] [Augustine Matthews] for Hvmphrey Robinson, […], published 1637, →OCLC; reprinted as Comus: […] (Dodd, Mead & Company’s Facsimile Reprints of Rare Books; Literature Series; no. I), New York, N.Y.: Dodd, Mead & Company, 1903, →OCLC:

     The wood nymphs, deckt with daises trim,
     Their merry wakes and pastimes keep.

3. A period after a person's death before or after the body is buried, cremated, etc.; in some cultures accompanied by a party or collectively sorting through the deceased's personal effects.

   Hyponym: funeral wake

   • 2003, Section 14(1)(a), Infectious Diseases Act (Cap. 137, R. Ed. 2003)

     Where any person has died whilst being, or suspected of being, a case or carrier or contact of an infectious disease, the Director may by order prohibit the conduct of a wake over the body of that person or impose such conditions as he thinks fit on the conduct of such wake […]

4. (historical, Church of England) A yearly parish festival formerly held in commemoration of the dedication of a church. Originally, prayers were said on the evening preceding, and hymns were sung during the night, in the church; subsequently, these vigils were discontinued, and the day itself, often with succeeding days, was occupied in rural pastimes and exercises, attended by eating and drinking.
   • 1523–1525, Jean Froissart, John Bourchier, 2nd Baron Berners (translator), Froissart's Chronicles

     Great solemnities were made in all churches, and great fairs and wakes throughout all England.

   • 1612, Michael Drayton, “(please specify the chapter)”, in [John Selden], editor, Poly-Olbion. Or A Chorographicall Description of Tracts, Riuers, Mountaines, Forests, and Other Parts of this Renowned Isle of Great Britaine, […], London: […] [Humphrey Lownes] for M[athew] Lownes; I[ohn] Browne; I[ohn] Helme; I[ohn] Busbie, →OCLC:

     And every village smokes at wakes with lusty cheer.

5. (collective) A number of vultures assembled together.

派生語

参考

• arval, arvel
• shiva, shivah

語源 3

Probably from Middle Low German or Middle Dutch wake, from or akin to Old Norse vǫk (“a hole in the ice”) ( > Danish våge, Icelandic vök), from Proto-Germanic *wakwō (“wetness”), from Proto-Indo-European *wegʷ- (“moist, wet”).

名詞

wake (plural wakes)

1. (nautical) The path left behind a ship on the surface of the water.
2. The movement of water created when an animal or a person moves through water.
3. (aviation) The turbulent air left behind a flying aircraft.
4. (figuratively) The area behind something or somebody rapidly-moving

   The player left the rest of the field trailing in her wake.

   • 1826, Thomas De Quincey, “Lessing”, in Blackwood's Magazine:

     This effect followed immediately in the wake of his earliest exertions.

   • 1857–1859, W[illiam] M[akepeace] Thackeray, The Virginians. A Tale of the Last Century, volume (please specify |volume=I or II), London: Bradbury & Evans, […], published 1858–1859, →OCLC:

     Several humbler persons […] formed quite a procession in the dusty wake of his chariot wheels.

   • 2010, Naomi Oreskes, Erik M. Conway, chapter 5, in Merchants of Doubt:

     It was all of a piece. If you believed in capitalism, you had to attack science, because science had revealed the hazards that capitalism had brought in its wake.

   • 2011 September 28, Tom Rostance, “Arsenal 2 - 1 Olympiakos”, in BBC Sport‎:

     Alex Song launched a long ball forward from the back and the winger took it down nicely on his chest. He cut across the penalty area from the right and after one of the three defenders in his wake failed to make a meaningful clearance, the Oxlade-Chamberlain was able to dispatch a low left-footed finish into the far corner.

派生語

関連する語

• wait
• watch

参考

• in the wake of
• wakes

アナグラム

• weak, weka

別の表記

• wak, woke, quake

発音

• IPA: /ˈwaːk(ə)/

名詞

wake (plural wakes)

1. sleeplessness, wakefulness
2. vigil
3. festival, celebration

派生した語

• English: wake
• Yola: wake

参照

• “wāke, n.”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007.

語源 2

形容詞

wake

1. alternative form of woke