yawnとは 意味・読み方・使い方

語源

Partly from 中期英語 yanen, yonen, yenen (“to yawn”), from 古期英語 ġeonian, ġinian (“to yawn, gape”), from Proto-West Germanic *ginōn, from Proto-Germanic *ginōną (“to yawn”); and partly from 中期英語 gonen (“to gape, yawn”), from 古期英語 gānian (“to yawn, gape”), from Proto-West Germanic *gainōn, from Proto-Germanic *gainōną (“to yawn, gape”); both from Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰi-, *ǵʰeyh₁- (“to yawn, gape”).

Cognate with North Frisian jåne (“to yawn”), Saterland Frisian jaanje, joanje (“to yawn”), Middle Dutch genen, ghenen (“to yawn”), German Low German jahnen (“to yawn”), German gähnen (“to yawn, gape”), dialectal Swedish gana (“to gape, gawk”), dialectal Norwegian gina (“to gape”).

Compare also Old Church Slavonic зѣѭ (zějǫ) (Russian зи́нуть (zínutʹ), зия́ть (zijátʹ)), Greek χαίνω (khaínō)), Latin hiō, Tocharian A śew, Tocharian B kāyā, Lithuanian žioti, Sanskrit जेह् (jeh)

発音

• (英国発音) enPR: yôn, IPA: /jɔːn/
• (米国発音) enPR: yôn, IPA: /jɔn/
• (cot–caught merger) enPR: yän, IPA: /jɑn/
• (General Australian) IPA: /joːn/
• Homophone: yon (cot–caught merger)
• 韻: -ɔːn

動詞

yawn (third-person singular simple present yawns, present participle yawning, simple past and past participle yawned)

1. (intransitive) To open the mouth widely and take a long, rather deep breath, often because one is tired or bored, and sometimes accompanied by pandiculation.

   I could see my students yawning, so I knew the lesson was boring them.

   • 1719, [Daniel Defoe], The Farther Adventures of Robinson Crusoe; […], London: […] W[illiam] Taylor […], →OCLC:

     […] I found my self towards Evening, first empty and sickish at my Stomach, and nearer Night mightily enclin’d to yawning and sleepy […]

   • c. 1773, John Trumbull, The Progress of Dulness, Exeter, New Hampshire: Henry Ranlet, 1794, Part 1, p. 19,

     And while above he spends his breath,

     The yawning audience nod beneath.

2. To say while yawning.
   • 1922, Stephen McKenna, chapter 10, in The Secret Victory‎, New York: George H. Doran, page 214:

     “I haven’t the least idea what I want to do,” he yawned.

   • 1978, Andrew Holleran, chapter 8, in The Dancer from the Dance‎, New York: Bantam, published 1979, page 217:

     “Oh,” Sutherland yawned, “I’m too old for this.”

3. To present a wide opening; gape.

   The canyon yawns as it has done for millions of years, and we stand looking, dumbstruck.

   Death yawned before us, and I hit the brakes.

   • c. 1599–1602 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Tragedie of Hamlet, Prince of Denmarke”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act III, scene ii]:

     ’Tis now the very witching time of night,
     When churchyards yawn, and hell itself breathes out
     Contagion to this world.

   • 1667, John Milton, “Book VI”, in Paradise Lost. […], London: […] [Samuel Simmons], and are to be sold by Peter Parker […]; [a]nd by Robert Boulter […]; [a]nd Matthias Walker, […], →OCLC; republished as Paradise Lost in Ten Books: […], London: Basil Montagu Pickering […], 1873, →OCLC, lines 874-875:

     […] Hell at last
     Yawning receavd them whole, and on them clos’d,

   • 1911, James George Frazer, The Golden Bough, volume 8, page 104:

     If your child has tumbled into one of those open sewers which yawn for the unwary in the streets […]

4. (obsolete) To open the mouth, or to gape, through surprise or bewilderment.
   • c. 1603–1604 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Tragedie of Othello, the Moore of Venice”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act V, scene ii]:

     […] O heavy hour!
     Methinks it should be now a huge eclipse
     Of sun and moon, and that the affrighted globe
     Should yawn at alteration.

   • 1606, Thomas Dekker, Nevves from hell brought by the Diuells carrier‎, London: W. Ferebrand:

     […] Hell being vnder euerie one of their Stages, the Players (if they had owed him a spight) might with a false Trappe doore haue slipt him downe, and there kept him, as a laughing stocke to al their yawning Spectators.

5. (obsolete) To be eager; to desire to swallow anything; to express desire by yawning.

   to yawn for fat livings

   • 1824, Walter Savage Landor, “Milton and Andrew Marvel”, in Imaginary Conversations of Literary Men and Statesmen, volume I, London: […] Taylor and Hessey, […], →OCLC, page 6:

     Fly not, as thou wert wont, to his embrace,
     Lest, after one long yawning gaze, he swear
     Thou art the best good fellow in the world,
     But he had quite forgotten thee, by Jove!

派生語

名詞

yawn (plural yawns)

1. The action of yawning; opening the mouth widely and taking a long, rather deep breath, often because one is tired or bored.
   • 1813 January 27, [Jane Austen], chapter 11, in Pride and Prejudice: […], volume (please specify |volume=I to III), London: […] [George Sidney] for T[homas] Egerton, […], →OCLC:

     At length, quite exhausted by the attempt to be amused with her own book, which she had only chosen because it was the second volume of his, she gave a great yawn and said, “How pleasant it is to spend an evening in this way! […] ”

   • 1902, Joseph Conrad, chapter 6, in Typhoon‎:

     But Mrs. MacWhirr, in the drawing-room […] , stifled a yawn—perhaps out of self-respect—for she was alone.

2. (colloquial) A particularly boring event.

   The slideshow we sat through was such a yawn. I was glad when it finished.

派生語

アナグラム

• YNWA, awny, wany, wayn