alveusとは 意味・読み方・使い方

語源

Borrowed from Latin alveus (“hollow trough-shaped vessel, trough, bath tub, hull, hold, ship, boat, channel or bed (of a river or trench), beehive”). First attested in the late 17th century in an earlier sense.

発音

• IPA: /ˈæl.vi.əs/

名詞

alveus (plural alvei)

1. (rare, now usually law) The bed or channel of a river, especially when the river is flowing in its natural or ordinary course; (also) the trough of the sea.
2. (neuroanatomy) A thin layer of medullary nerve fibers on the ventricular surface of the hippocampus.

参照

• John Weale (1860), Rudimentary Dictionary of Terms Used in Architecture, Civil, Architecture, Naval, Building and Construction‎, page 12, column 2: “Alveus, in hydrography, the channel or belly of a river.”
• “alveus, n.”, in OED Online ⁠, Oxford: Oxford University Press, launched 2000.; “alveus”, in Lexico, Dictionary.com; Oxford University Press, 2019–2022.
• “alveus”, in Merriam-Webster Online Dictionary, Springfield, Mass.: Merriam-Webster, 1996–present.

アナグラム

• avulse, values

語源

From alvus (“the belly, paunch, bowels”) +‎ -eus.

発音

• (Classical Latin) IPA: [ˈaɫ.we.ʊs]
• (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA: [ˈal.ve.us]

名詞

alveus m (genitive alveī); second declension

1. (in general) hollow, cavity
2. (especially):
   1. hollow, deep vessel, basket, trough, tray; deep cavity, excavation
      • 8 CE, Ovid, Fasti 2.407–408:

        Sustinet impositōs summā cavus alveus undā: heu, quantum fātī parva tabella tulit!

        The vessel supports the [babies] laid there on the surface of the water: oh, what a fate the little plank bore!

      1. trough for feeding pigs
         • 77 CE – 79 CE, Pliny the Elder, Naturalis Historia 24.67:

           Sed ad liēnem praecipua est, sī sūcus eius expressus in vīnō bibātur. Adeōque mīrābilem eius antipathīān contrā sōlum hoc viscerum faciunt, ut adfirment, sī ex eā alveīs factīs bibant suēs sine liēne invenīrī.

           But it is of special effect for the spleen, if its juice, squeezed out, is drunk in wine. So extraordinary do they make out its antipathy against this specific organ to be, that they affirm that if pigs drink from troughs made out of it, they'll be found without a spleen.

      2. (derogatory, humorous) dish for food
         • c. 27 CE – 66 CE, Petronius, Satyricon 66:

           Etiam in alveō circumlāta sunt oxycomina, unde quīdam etiam improbē ternōs pugnōs sustulērunt.

           Pickled olives were also brought round in a dish, from where some voraciously took three fistfuls.

   2. (nautical) hold, hull
      • c. 117 CE, Tacitus, Annales 14.29:

        Igitur Monam īnsulam, incolīs validam et receptāculum perfugārum, adgredī parat, navēsque fābricātur plānō alveō adversus breve et incertum.

        So he prepares to attack the island of Anglesey, considerable in population and a haven for deserters, and builds ships with a flat hull in view of the short and uncertain channel.

      1. (metonymic) small ship, boat, skiff
         • 29 BCE – 19 BCE, Virgil, Aeneid 6.411–414:

           Inde aliās animās, quae per iuga longa sedēbant, dēturbat laxatque forōs; simul accipit alve̯ō ingentem Aenēam. Gemuit sub pondere cumba sūtilis et multam accēpit rīmōsa palūdem.

           Then the other souls, sitting on the long thwarts, he routs out and clears the gangways; at once he takes in the ship the giant Aeneas. The seamy boat creaks under the weight and, full of fissures, takes marshy water in.

   3. (board games) hollowed gaming board
   4. beehive

      Synonyms: alvus, alveārium, alvārium

   5. bathtub
      • 56 BCE, Cicero, Pro Caelio 67:

        Praegestit animus iam vidēre prīmum lautōs iuvenēs mulieris beātae ac nōbilis familiārēs, deinde fortēs virōs ab imperātrīce in īnsidiīs atque in praesidiō balneārum collocātōs; ex quibus requīram, quem ad modum latuerint aut ubī, alveusne ille an equus Troiānus fuerit, quī tot invictōs virōs muliebre bellum gerentēs tulerit ac texerit.

        The soul is thrilled to now see, first, luxurious young men, acquaintances of a rich and well-known woman, and second, strong men posted by their commandress in the ambush and garrison of the baths; for which I'd ask, how did they hide and where, and whether that was a bathtub or a Trojan Horse, which carried and hid so many invincible men fighting a war for a woman.

   6. (construction) riverbed, river channel; canal

Inflection

Second-declension noun.

派生語

• alveārium
• alveātus
• alveolus

関連する語

• alvārium
• alveolātus
• alvus

派生した語

参照

• “alveus”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879), A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “alveus”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891), An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
• "alveus", in Charles du Fresne du Cange, Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)