casusとは 意味・読み方・使い方

関連する語

別の表記

• cassus (regular Republican spelling)

語源

From cāssus with regular degemination after a long vowel, for cadō (“to fall, happen”) +‎ -tus (“action noun suffix”), from Proto-Italic *kadō, Proto-Indo-European *ḱh₂d- (“to fall”). The grammatical sense is a semantic loan from Ancient Greek πτῶσις (ptôsis) (whence also calqued Old Church Slavonic падежь (padežĭ) (Russian паде́ж (padéž)), German Fall).

発音

• (Classical Latin) IPA: [ˈkaː.sʊs]
• (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA: [ˈkaː.s̬us]

名詞

cāsus m (genitive cāsūs); fourth declension

1. a fall, downwards movement
2. accident, chance
3. an event, happening, occurrence
4. misfortune, disaster, destruction, accident

   Synonyms: plāga, incommodum, dētrīmentum, clādēs, interitus, perniciēs, exitium, vulnus, calamitās, incommoditās, pestis, īnfortūnium, cruciātus, miseria, malum, nūbēs

   Antonyms: commodum, commoditās

   • L. Annaeus Seneca, Hercules, line 328:

     quem saepe trānsiit cāsus, aliquandō invenit.

     he who oft has shunned misfortune meets at last his fate.

5. (grammar) A case, termination

語形変化

Fourth-declension noun.

下位語

• (grammar): [casus] nōminātīvus, genitīvus/genetīvus, datīvus, accūsātīvus, ablātīvus, vocātīvus, locātīvus, īnstrumentālis

派生語

• cāsuālis
• cāsus bellī

派生した語

Further reading

• “casus”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879), A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “casus”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891), An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
• "casus", in Charles du Fresne du Cange, Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
• “casus”, in Gaffiot, Félix (1934), Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.

• Carl Meißner; Henry William Auden (1894), Latin Phrase-Book‎, London: Macmillan and Co.
  • to foresee the far distant future: futura or casus futuros (multo ante) prospicere
    
  • by some chance or other: nescio quo casu (with Indic.)
    
  • the changes and chances of this life: ancipites et varii casus
    
  • to have to submit to the uncertainties of fortune; to be subject to Fortune's caprice: sub varios incertosque casus subiectum esse
    
  • to experience the ups and downs of life: multis casibus iactari
    
  • to be prepared for all that may come: ad omnes casus subsidia comparare
    
  • to prepare oneself for all contingencies: ad omnes casus se comparare
    
  • to foresee political events long before: longe prospicere futuros casus rei publicae (De Amic. 12. 40)
    
  • (ambiguous) affairs are desperate; we are reduced to extremeties: res ad extremum casum perducta est
    
• casus in Ramminger, Johann (16 July 2016 (last accessed)), Neulateinische Wortliste: Ein Wörterbuch des Lateinischen von Petrarca bis 1700‎, pre-publication website, 2005-2016
• “casus”, in William Smith, editor (1854, 1857), A Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography, volume 1 & 2, London: Walton and Maberly