grateとは 意味・読み方・使い方

語源 1

From 中期英語 grate, from a Medieval Latin crāta, from a Latin word for a hurdle; or Italian grata, from Latin cratis.

名詞

grate (plural grates)

1. A horizontal metal grill through which liquid, ash, or small objects can fall, while larger objects cannot.

   The grate stopped the sheep from escaping from their field.

   • 1591 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The First Part of Henry the Sixt”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act I, scene iv]:

     a secret grate of iron bars

2. A frame or bed, or kind of basket, of iron bars, for holding fuel while burning.
3. (historical) A grapper, a metal ring on a lance behind the grip.
   • 1969, Herbert Walter Macklin, Monumental Brasses:

     Lances (only shown at Stoke D'Abernon) were commonly made of ash, about 13 feet long. A ring of metal (grate or grapper) was fastened to the shaft and during a fight […]

   • 1980, The Encyclopedia Americana, volume 16, page 683:

     […] and a heavy metal ring, called the grate or graper, fastened to the shaft below the grip. The grate rested against the knight's breastplate and relieved the hand and arm of the full shock of contact. The metallic head (or socket) of the war lance was usually leaf shaped, while that of the tilting lance, at least from […]

同意語

• grill

派生語

動詞

grate (third-person singular simple present grates, present participle grating, simple past and past participle grated)

1. (transitive) To furnish with grates; to protect with a grating or crossbars.

   to grate a window

語源 2

From 中期英語 graten, from Old French grater (“to scrape”) ( > French gratter), from Frankish *krattōn, from Proto-Germanic *krattōną. Cognate with Old High German krazzon ( > German kratzen (“to scrawl”) > Danish kradse), Icelandic krassa (“to scrawl”) and Danish kratte.

動詞

grate (third-person singular simple present grates, present participle grating, simple past and past participle grated)

1. (transitive, cooking) To shred (things, usually foodstuffs), by rubbing across a grater.

   I need to grate the cheese before the potato is cooked.

2. (intransitive) To make an unpleasant rasping sound, often as the result of rubbing against something.

   Synonym: scrape

   • 1856, Gustave Flaubert, Madame Bovary, Part 3 Chapter X, translated by Eleanor Marx-Aveling

     The gate suddenly grated. It was Lestiboudois; he came to fetch his spade, that he had forgotten. He recognised Justin climbing over the wall, and at last knew who was the culprit who stole his potatoes.

   • 1918, W[illiam] B[abington] Maxwell, chapter VII, in The Mirror and the Lamp, Indianapolis, Ind.: The Bobbs-Merrill Company, →OCLC:

     The turmoil went on—no rest, no peace. […] It was nearly eleven o'clock now, and he strolled out again. In the little fair created by the costers' barrows the evening only seemed beginning; and the naphtha flares made one's eyes ache, the men's voices grated harshly, and the girls' faces saddened one.

   Listening to his teeth grate all day long drives me mad.

   The chalk grated against the board.

3. (by extension, intransitive) To get on one's nerves; to irritate, annoy.

   She’s nice enough, but she can begin to grate if there is no-one else to talk to.

4. (by extension, transitive) To annoy.
   • 2015, Art Levy in Florida Trend, Roland Martin is a Florida 'Icon'

     one of the issues that's kind of grating me a little bit is weed control.

   • c. 1606–1607 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Tragedie of Anthonie and Cleopatra”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act I, scene i]:

     News, my good lord Rome […] grates me.

派生語

語源 3

From Latin grātus (“agreeable”).

形容詞

grate (comparative more grate, superlative most grate)

1. (obsolete) Serving to gratify; agreeable.
   • 1677, Sir Thomas Herbert, Some Yeares Travels into Africa and Asia the Great:

     Coho or Coffee […] however ingrate or insapory it seems at first, it becomes grate and delicious enough by custom.

派生語

語源 4

形容詞

grate (comparative more grate, superlative most grate)

1. Obsolete spelling of great.
   • c. 1815, Mary Woody, A true account of Nayomy Wise

     He promisd her a grate reward

参照

アナグラム

• 'Gater, Gater, Greta, ergat-, great, great-, retag, targe, terga

発音

• (Classical Latin) IPA: [ˈɡraː.teː]
• (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA: [ˈɡraː.t̪e]

副詞

grātē (comparative grātius, superlative grātissimē)

1. gladly, willingly
2. gratefully, thankfully

関連する語

参照

• “grate”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879), A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “grate”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891), An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers