fireとは 意味・読み方・使い方

語源 1

From 中期英語 fyr, from 古期英語 fȳr (“fire”), from Proto-West Germanic *fuir, from *fuïr, a regularised form of Proto-Germanic *fōr (“fire”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *péh₂wr̥.

別の表記

• fier (archaic)
• 🜂 (alchemy)

名詞

fire (countable and uncountable, plural fires)

1. (uncountable) A (usually self-sustaining) chemical reaction involving the bonding of oxygen with carbon or other fuel, with the production of heat and the presence of flame or smouldering.
2. (countable) An instance of this chemical reaction, especially when intentionally created and maintained in a specific location to a useful end (such as a campfire or a hearth fire).

   We sat about the fire singing songs and telling tales.

   • 1913, Joseph C[rosby] Lincoln, chapter VIII, in Mr. Pratt’s Patients, New York, N.Y.; London: D[aniel] Appleton and Company, →OCLC:

     We toted in the wood and got the fire going nice and comfortable. Lord James still set in one of the chairs and Applegate had cabbaged the other and was hugging the stove.

3. (countable) The occurrence, often accidental, of fire in a certain place, causing damage and danger.

   There was a fire at the school last night and the whole place burned down.

   During hot and dry summers many fires in forests are caused by regardlessly discarded cigarette butts.

   • 2020 January 1, Bernard Lagan, “Thousands flee to beaches as the flames close in”, in The Times, number 73,044, page 24:

     Efforts to fight the fires in New South Wales and Victoria were hampered as large fires converged and created their own violent weather systems. The fire created dry lightning storms so severe that planes had to be grounded.

4. (uncountable, alchemy, philosophy) The aforementioned chemical reaction of burning, considered one of the Classical elements or basic elements of alchemy.
5. (countable, British) A heater or stove used in place of a real fire (such as an electric fire).
6. (countable) The elements necessary to start a fire.

   The fire was laid and needed to be lit.

7. (uncountable) The bullets or other projectiles fired from a gun or other ranged weapon.

   The fire from the enemy guns kept us from attacking.

8. (countable) A planned bombardment by artillery or similar weapons, or the capability to deliver such.

   We dominated the battlespace with our fires.

9. (countable, African-American Vernacular, slang) A firearm.
   • 2023 June 23, “Special K” (track 7), in BLP Kosher (lyrics), Bars Mitzva‎, 2:01:

     I used to work at Five Below but now I keep that fire below

10. (countable, figurative) A barrage, volley
    • 1911, James George Frazer, The Golden Bough, volume 7, page 136:

      In the district of Erfurt a very heavy sheaf [...] is called the Great Mother, and is carried on the last waggon to the barn, where all hands lift it down amid a fire of jokes.

11. (astronautics) An instance of firing one or more rocket engines.

    static fire

12. Strength of passion, whether love or hate.
    • 1687, Francis Atterbury, An Answer to Some Considerations on the Spirit of Martin Luther and the Original of the Reformation; […], Oxford, Oxfordshire: […] [Sheldonian] Theater, →OCLC:

      He had fire in his temper.

    • 1829, Edgar Allan Poe, “Tamerlane”, in Al Aaraaf, Tamerlane and Minor Poems:

      You call it hope—that fire of fire!
      It is but agony of desire: […]

13. Liveliness of imagination or fancy; intellectual and moral enthusiasm.
    • 1711 May, [Alexander Pope], An Essay on Criticism, London: […] W[illiam] Lewis […]; and sold by W[illiam] Taylor […], T[homas] Osborn[e] […], and J[ohn] Graves […], →OCLC:

      And bless their critic with a poet's fire.

    • 1991 December 15, Michael Halberstadt, “Queer Proposals?”, in Gay Community News, volume 19, number 22, page 5:

      Attendance of QN meetings has been dwindling, and the creative fire drained from the organization by the dead hand of wannabe bureaucrats bend on thought control. The action has long since been elsewhere.

14. Splendour; brilliancy; lustre; hence, a star.
    • c. 1606 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Tragedie of Macbeth”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act I, scene iv]:

      Stars, hide your fires.

    • 1667, John Milton, “Book XII”, in Paradise Lost. […], London: […] [Samuel Simmons], and are to be sold by Peter Parker […]; [a]nd by Robert Boulter […]; [a]nd Matthias Walker, […], →OCLC; republished as Paradise Lost in Ten Books: […], London: Basil Montagu Pickering […], 1873, →OCLC:

      As in a zodiac representing the heavenly fires.

15. A severe trial; anything inflaming or provoking.
16. Red coloration in a piece of opal.
17. (gemology) The capacity of a gemstone, especially a faceted, cut gemstone, that is transparent to visible light, to disperse white light into its multispectral component parts, resulting in a flash of different colors, the richness and dispersion of which increases the gemstone's value.
    • 2009 December, Al Gilbertson, Benjamin Gudlewski, Mary Johnson, George Maltezos, Axel Scherer, James Shigley, “Cutting Diffraction Gratings to Improve Dispersion (“Fire”) in Diamonds”, in Gems & Gemology‎, volume 45, number 4, Gemological Institute of America, →DOI, archived from the original on 30 July 2024, pages 260–270:

      In other words, the more times a light ray reflects within a diamond, the greater the separation of the spectral colors—and the more obvious the appearance of fire—will be. Fire in a gemstone is best defined as "the visible extent of light dispersed into spectral colors" (Reinitz et al., 2001). In a polished diamond, this is seen as flares or flashes of color that appear and disappear as the diamond, the observer, or the light source moves.

同意語

• blaze
• flame
• conflagration
• inferno

派生語

派生した語

• → Japanese: ファイヤー (faiyā)
• Sranan Tongo: faya

形容詞

fire (not comparable) (predicative only)

1. (slang) Amazing; excellent.

   This is fire, keep up the amazing work!

別の表記

• fye (nonstandard, Internet slang)

語源 2

From 中期英語 firen, fyren, furen, from 古期英語 fȳrian (“to make a fire”), from the noun (see above). Cognate with Old Frisian fioria (“to light a fire”), Saterland Frisian fjuurje (“to fire”), Middle Dutch vûren, vueren, vieren (“to set fire”), Dutch vuren (“to fire, shoot”), Old High German fiuren (“to ignite, set on fire”), German feuern (“to fire”).

動詞

fire (third-person singular simple present fires, present participle firing, simple past and past participle fired)

1. (transitive) To set (something, often a building) on fire.

   Synonyms: inflame, kindle; see also Thesaurus:kindle

   • 1897, H[erbert] G[eorge] Wells, “At the House in Great Portland Street”, in The Invisible Man: A Grotesque Romance, New York, N.Y.; London: Harper & Brothers Publishers, →OCLC, page 186:

     ["]Then I slipped up again with a box of matches, fired my heap of paper and rubbish, put the chairs and bedding thereby, led the gas to the affair, by means of an india-rubber tube, and waving a farewell to the room left it for the last time." / "You fired the house!" exclaimed Kemp. / "Fired the house. It was the only way to cover my trail – and no doubt it was insured.["]

   • 1886 October – 1887 January, H[enry] Rider Haggard, She: A History of Adventure, London: Longmans, Green, and Co., published 1887, →OCLC:

     That lamp was the mummy of a woman tied to a stout stake let into the rock, and he had fired her hair.

   • 1908 February 19, Jack London, The Iron Heel, New York, N.Y.: The Macmillan Company; London: Macmillan & Co., →OCLC:

     It was long a question of debate, whether the burning of the South Side ghetto was accidental, or whether it was done by the Mercenaries; but it is definitely settled now that the ghetto was fired by the Mercenaries under orders from their chiefs.

2. (transitive) To heat as with fire, but without setting on fire, as ceramic, metal objects, etc.

   If you fire the pottery at too high a temperature, it may crack.

   They fire the wood to make it easier to put a point on the end.

   • 1908, W[illiam] B[lair] M[orton] Ferguson, chapter IV, in Zollenstein, New York, N.Y.: D. Appleton & Company, →OCLC:

     So this was my future home, I thought! Certainly it made a brave picture. I had seen similar ones fired-in on many a Heidelberg stein. Backed by towering hills, […] a sky of palest Gobelin flecked with fat, fleecy little clouds, it in truth looked a dear little city; the city of one's dreams.

3. (transitive) To drive away by setting a fire.
   • 1609, William Shakespeare, “Sonnet 144”, in Shake-speares Sonnets. […], London: By G[eorge] Eld for T[homas] T[horpe] and are to be sold by William Aspley, →OCLC:

     Till my bad angel fire my good one out.

4. (transitive, employment) To terminate the employment contract of (an employee), especially for cause (such as misconduct, incompetence, or poor performance).

   Synonyms: dehire, dismiss, give someone their cards, give the boot, give the elbow, give someone the heave-ho, let go, make redundant, sack, terminate, throw out, unhire; see also Thesaurus:lay off

   Antonym: hire

   • 1969, Vladimir Nabokov, Ada or Ardor, Penguin, published 2011, page 226:

     The first, obvious choice was hysterical and fantastic Blanche – had there not been her timidity, her fear of being ‘fired’ […].

5. (transitive, by extension) To terminate a contract with a client; to drop a client.
   • 1979, Richard Collins Rea, Operating a Successful Accounting Practice: A Collection of Material from the Journal of Accountancy Practitioners Forum, →ISBN, →OCLC, page 288:

     Don't be hesitant to fire a client - cull out the deadwood. If a client doesn't meet the above criteria, you are better off without him. You don't do your best work for a client you'd rather not have.

   • 2020, Rebecca Migdal, Museum Mercenary: A Handbook for Independent Museum Professionals, →ISBN, →OCLC, page 278:

     Maintaining a collegial attitude even when doing the more difficult business work, like firing a client, is another part. If you are struggling through the relationship, the client might be struggling as well, so firing them may be mutually beneficial, and you should try and do it on the best of terms.

6. (transitive) To shoot (a gun, rocket/missile, or analogous device).

   Synonyms: let off, (archery) loose, shoot

   We will fire our guns at the enemy.

   The jet fired a salvo of rockets at the truck convoy.

   He fired his radar gun at passing cars.

7. (intransitive) To shoot a gun, cannon, or similar weapon.

   Synonyms: open fire, shoot

   Don't fire until you see the whites of their eyes.

   • 1989, Dolores Zen, transl., Last Chance in Manchuria‎, Hoover Institution Press, →ISBN, →LCCN, →OCLC, page 93:

     I heard that both yesterday and today, when transports of the central government carrying our soldiers arrived at Hu-lu-tao, bandit troops on the shore fired at them.

8. (astronautics) To operate a rocket engine to produce thrust.

   The RCS thrusters fired several times to stabilize the tumbling spacecraft.

9. (transitive, mining) To set off an explosive in a mine.
   • 1886 October – 1887 January, H[enry] Rider Haggard, She: A History of Adventure, London: Longmans, Green, and Co., published 1887, →OCLC:

     `Now are you both ready?' I said, as people do when they are going to fire a mine.

10. (transitive, sports) To shoot; to attempt to score a goal.
    • 2010 December 29, Mark Vesty, “Wigan 2-2 Arsenal”, in BBC:

      Andrey Arshavin equalised with a superb volley into the corner before Nicklas Bendtner coolly fired Arsenal in front.

11. (intransitive, physiology) To cause an action potential in a cell.

    When a neuron fires, it transmits information.

12. (transitive) To forcibly direct (something).

    Synonyms: propel, shoot, throw

    He answered the questions the reporters fired at him.

13. (ambitransitive, computer sciences, software engineering) To initiate an event (by means of an event handler).

    The event handler should only fire after all web page content has finished loading.

    The queue fires a job whenever the thread pool is ready to handle it.

14. (transitive) To inflame; to irritate, as the passions.

    Synonyms: arouse, excite; see also Thesaurus:thrill, Thesaurus:incite

    to fire the soul with anger, pride, or revenge

15. (intransitive, dated) To be irritated or inflamed with passion.
    • 1864, Joseph Sheridan Le Fanu, Uncle Silas:

      Inexperienced girl as I was, I fired at the idea of becoming his dupe, and fancying, perhaps, that there was more in merely answering his note than it would have amounted to, I said — "That kind of thing may answer very well with button-makers, but ladies don't like it. […]

    • 1700, [John] Dryden, “Cymon and Iphigenia, from Boccace”, in Fables Ancient and Modern; […], London: […] Jacob Tonson, […], →OCLC:

      Love had fired my mind.

16. To animate; to give life or spirit to.

    Synonyms: energize, inspirit; see also Thesaurus:enliven

    to fire the genius of a young man

17. To feed or serve the fire of.

    to fire a boiler

    • 1961 March, ""Balmore"", “Driving and firing modern French steam locomotives”, in Trains Illustrated, pages 150, 151:

      We left with the "Blue Train", dead on time. This time I fired all the way. […] The next day took me home again on No. E.16 with Henri Dutertre. I fired from Paris to Calais.

18. (transitive) To light up as if by fire; to illuminate.

    Synonyms: belight; see also Thesaurus:illuminate

    • c. 1593 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Tragedy of Richard the Third: […]”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act III, scene ii]:

      [The sun] fires the proud tops of the eastern pines.

19. (transitive, farriery) To cauterize (a horse, or a part of its body).
20. (intransitive, dated) To catch fire; to be kindled.

    Synonyms: go up in flames; see also Thesaurus:combust

21. (intransitive, dated) To work as a fireman, one who keeps the fire under a steam boiler on a steam-powered ship or train.

    I fired on that train until August.

22. (slang, usually with "up") To start (an engine).
23. (horse racing, intransitive) Of a horse: to race ahead with a burst of energy.
    • 1988, Chronicle of the Horse, volume 51, numbers 1-13, page 18:

      I'd say he struggled to get around the course. He never fired. In other years, when Buzzy Hannum rode him, he ran well enough to win, but not this time.