infestusとは 意味・読み方・使い方

発音

• (Classical Latin) IPA: [ĩːˈfɛs.tʊs]
• (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA: [iɱˈfɛs.t̪us]
• It is not entirely certain whether the vowel in the second syllable was short or long. Spanish enhiesto (assumed to be a descendant, with a change in sense) shows development of -ie- from -ĕ- (though this does not exclude the possibility of an original -ē- that underwent later shortening or analogical replacement, as in Spanish fiesta from Latin fēstum). Bennett 1907 cites "infésti" from C.I.L. v. 2627 as inscriptional evidence for a long vowel, and compares the length to that of e in manifē̆stus (but the latter is also uncertain).

形容詞

īnfestus (feminine īnfesta, neuter īnfestum, comparative īnfestior, superlative īnfestissimus); first/second-declension adjective

1. hostile (to a person, cause etc.), antagonistic

   Synonyms: inimīcus, īnfēnsus, inīquus, hostīlis, aliēnus, adversus, āversus

   Antonyms: amīcus, benevolus, aequus

   1. marked by strife, troubled
2. (entertaining or foreboding violent actions) aggressive, warlike; raised, threatening, poised to strike
3. (of things) harmful, troublesome [with dative]
   • 27 BCE – 25 BCE, Titus Livius, Ab Urbe Condita I.15:

     si Romana arma omnibus infesta finitimis essent

     if the Roman army should be dangerous for all his neighbours

4. (of places) dangerous, unsafe; infested [with ablative ‘with’]; adverse
5. exposed to danger, threatened, insecure

   Synonyms: inermis, intūtus, nūdus

   Antonyms: mūnītus, dēfēnsus, firmātus, tūtus

語形変化

First/second-declension adjective.

派生語

• īnfestō

派生した語

• ⇒ Asturian: L'Infiestu
• Old Spanish: enfiesto
  • Spanish: enhiesto
• Portuguese: infesto

参照

• “infestus” on page 987 of the Oxford Latin Dictionary (2nd ed., 2012)
• De Vaan, Michiel (2008), “īnfestus”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 303

Further reading

• “infestus”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879), A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “infestus”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891), An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
• “infestus”, in Gaffiot, Félix (1934), Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.