lockとは 意味・読み方・使い方

発音

• (Received Pronunciation) IPA: /lɒk/
• (General American) enPR: lŏk, IPA: /lɑk/
• 韻: -ɒk
• 異形同音異義語: Locke; (Anglicised) loch, lough
• (General American, father-bother merger) 異形同音異義語: lakh (one pronunciation); lark (non-rhotic); lawk (cot–caught merger)

語源 1

From 中期英語 lok, from 古期英語 loc, from Proto-West Germanic *lok, from Proto-Germanic *luką from Proto-Indo-European *lewg- (“to bend; turn”).

Cognate with Cimbrian loch, lòch (“hole”), Dutch lok (“hole”), German Loch (“hole”), German Low German Lock (“hole”), Luxembourgish Lach (“hole”), Vilamovian łöch (“hole”), Yiddish לאָך (lokh, “hole”), Danish låg (“lid, cover”), Norwegian Bokmål lokk (“lid, cover”), Norwegian Nynorsk lok, lokk (“lid, cover”).

名詞

lock (plural locks)

1. Something used for fastening, which can only be opened with a key or combination.
   • 1881–1882, Robert Louis Stevenson, Treasure Island, London; Paris: Cassell & Company, published 14 November 1883, →OCLC:

     "Give me the key," said my mother; and though the lock was very stiff, she had turned it and thrown back the lid in a twinkling.

   • 1913, Joseph C[rosby] Lincoln, chapter XIII, in Mr. Pratt’s Patients, New York, N.Y.; London: D[aniel] Appleton and Company, →OCLC:

     We tiptoed into the house, up the stairs and along the hall into the room where the Professor had been spending so much of his time. 'Twas locked, of course, but the Deacon man got a big bunch of keys out of his pocket and commenced to putter with the lock.

2. (computing, by extension) A mutex or other token restricting access to a resource.
   • 2005, Karl Kopper, The Linux Enterprise Cluster:

     [T]he application must first acquire a lock on a file or a portion of a file before reading data and modifying it.

3. A segment of a canal or other navigable waterway enclosed by gates, used for raising and lowering boats between levels.
   • 1846, William Makepeace Thackeray, Notes of a Journey from Cornhill to Grand Cairo:

     Here the canal came to a check, ending abruptly with a large lock.

4. (firearms) The firing mechanism.
   • 1836 March – 1837 October, Charles Dickens, “(please specify the chapter name)”, in The Posthumous Papers of the Pickwick Club, London: Chapman and Hall, […], published 1837, →OCLC:

     "I never saw such a gun in my life," replied poor Winkle, looking at the lock, as if that would do any good.

5. Complete control over a situation.
   • 2003, Charley Rosen, The Wizard of Odds:

     Even though he had not yet done so, Jack felt he had a lock on the game.

6. Something sure to be a success.
   • 2004, Avery Corman, A perfect divorce:

     Brian thinks she's a lock to get a scholarship somewhere.

7. (gambling) Synonym of Dutch book.
8. (rugby) A player in the scrum behind the front row, usually the tallest members of the team.
   • 2011 September 24, Ben Dirs, “Rugby World Cup 2011: England 67-3 Romania”, in BBC Sport:

     Ashton only had to wait three minutes for his second try, lock Louis Deacon setting it up with a rollocking line-break, before Romania got on the scoreboard courtesy of a penalty from fly-half Marin Danut Dumbrava.

9. A fastening together or interlacing; a closing of one thing upon another; a state of being fixed or immovable.
   • 1834 September–November; 1835 January, Thomas De Quincey, “Samuel Taylor Coleridge”, in Autobiographic Sketches: With Recollections of the Lakes (De Quincey’s Works; II), London: James Hogg & Sons, →OCLC, page 207:

     [O]n may of his lecture days I have seen all Albemarle Street closed by a "lock" of carriages, filled with women of distinction, until the servants of the Institution or their own footmen advanced to the carriage-doors with the intelligence that Mr. Coleridge had been suddenly taken ill.

10. A place impossible to get out of, as by a lock.
    • 1697, Virgil, “The Fifth Book of the Æneis”, in John Dryden, transl., The Works of Virgil: Containing His Pastorals, Georgics, and Æneis. […], London: […] Jacob Tonson, […], →OCLC:

      Sergestus, eager with his beak to press / Betwixt the rival galley and the rock, / Shuts up the unwieldy Centaur in the lock

11. A device for keeping a wheel from turning.
12. A grapple in wrestling.
    • [1644], [John Milton], Of Education. To Master Samuel Hartlib, [London: […] Thomas Underhill and/or Thomas Johnson], →OCLC:

      They must be also practis'd in all the Locks and Gripes of Wrestling

下位語

派生語

派生した語

• Tok Pisin: lok
• → Hawaiian: laka

動詞

lock (third-person singular simple present locks, present participle locking, simple past locked, past participle locked or (obsolete) locken)

1. (intransitive) To become fastened in place.

   If you put the brakes on too hard, the wheels will lock.

   • 1913, Joseph C[rosby] Lincoln, chapter XIII, in Mr. Pratt’s Patients, New York, N.Y.; London: D[aniel] Appleton and Company, →OCLC:

     We tiptoed into the house, up the stairs and along the hall into the room where the Professor had been spending so much of his time. 'Twas locked, of course, but the Deacon man got a big bunch of keys out of his pocket and commenced to putter with the lock.

2. (transitive) To fasten with a lock.

   Antonym: unlock

   Remember to lock the door when you leave.

3. (intransitive) To be capable of becoming fastened in place.

   Antonym: unlock

   This door locks with a key.

4. (transitive) To intertwine or dovetail.

   Synonyms: braid, lace, twine; see also Thesaurus:intertwine

   with his hands locked behind his back

   We locked arms and stepped out into the night.

5. (intransitive, break dancing) To freeze one's body or a part thereof in place.

   a pop and lock routine

6. To furnish (a canal) with locks.
7. To raise or lower (a boat) in a lock.
8. To seize (e.g. the sword arm of an antagonist) by turning one's left arm around it, to disarm them.
9. (Internet, transitive) To modify (a thread) so that users cannot make new posts in it.
10. (Internet, wiki jargon, transitive) To prevent a page from being edited by other users.

    Frequently-vandalized pages are generally locked to prevent further damage.

11. (intransitive, rugby) To play in the position of lock.
    • 1980, Ken Berry, chapter 14, in First Offender, Auckland: Collins, page 117:

      Please don't disappoint me - you are female, aren't you? I have a lingering suspicion that you are 17 stone and lock for Tarankai.

派生語

語源 2

From 中期英語 lok, lokke, from 古期英語 locc (“hair of the head, hair, lock of hair, curl, ringlet”), from Proto-West Germanic *lokk, from Proto-Germanic *lukkaz, from Proto-Indo-European *lugnó-, from Proto-Indo-European *lewg- (“to bend”).

Cognate with Alemannic German lokha (“hair”), Dutch lok (“lock of hair, curl”), German Locke (“lock of hair, curl”), Danish lok (“lock of hair, curl”), Faroese, Icelandic lokkur (“lock of hair, curl”), Norwegian Bokmål, Norwegian Nynorsk lokk (“lock of hair, curl”), Swedish lock (“lock of hair, curl”). It has been theorised that the word may be related to the Gothic verb *𐌻𐌿𐌺𐌰𐌽 (*lukan, “to shut”) in its ancient meaning "to curb".

名詞

lock (plural locks)

1. A tuft or length of hair, wool, etc.
   • c. 1596–1598 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Merchant of Venice”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act I, scene i], page 164:

     Baſſ. […] Nor is the wide world ignorant of her worth,
     For the foure windes blow in from euery coaſt
     Renowned ſutors, and her ſunny locks
     Hang on her temples like a golden fleece,
     Which makes her ſeat of Belmont Cholchos-'| ſtrond,
     And many Iaſons come in queſt of her.

   • 1847 December, Ellis Bell [pseudonym; Emily Brontë], Wuthering Heights: […], volume (please specify |volume=I or II), London: Thomas Cautley Newby, […], →OCLC:

     If I consent to burn them, will you promise faithfully neither to send nor receive a letter again, nor a book (for I perceive you have sent him books), nor locks of hair, nor rings, nor playthings?

2. A small quantity of straw etc.
3. (Scots law, historical) A quantity of meal, the perquisite of a mill-servant.

派生語

アナグラム

• KLOC, Kloc, colk

語源

From 中期英語 -lok, -lak, -lac, from 古期英語 -lāc (suffix denoting activity or action), from Proto-Germanic *laiką (“play, sport, fight, activity”), *laikaz (“game, dance, hymn, sport”), from Proto-Indo-European *leyg- (“to bounce, shake, tremble”).

The etymology of the suffix is the same as that of the noun lāc "play, sport", also "sacrifice, offering", corresponding to obsolete Modern English lake (dialectal laik) "sport, fun, glee, game", cognate to Gothic laiks "dance", Old Norse leikr "game, sport" and Old High German leih "play, song, melody" (> Old French lai "song, lyric, poem, lay"), obsolete or dialectal German Leich. 古期英語 līcian ("to please", Modern English like) is from the same root. In modern English, the noun has been reintroduced through the cognate Swedish lek as a specialist term referring to mating behaviour.

接尾辞

-lock

1. (no longer productive) Action or proceeding, practice, ritual

派生語

参考

• bedlock
• Appendix:Suffix -lock

アナグラム

• KLOC, Kloc