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Wiktionary英語版での「luxus」の意味 |
luxus
出典:『Wiktionary』 (2025/12/16 16:11 UTC 版)
発音
- (Classical Latin) IPA: [ˈɫuːk.sʊs], [ˈɫʊk.sʊs]
- (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA: [ˈluk.sus]
- De Vaan 2008 reconstructs the vowel in the first syllable as short, but notes the problem of explaining why Lachmann's law did not apply. In contrast, Bennett 1907 marks it long, appealing to Romance descendants, although Bennett also gives luxus as an example of a word where it is difficult to decide whether the forms encountered in Romance are popular or learned.
語源 1
From Proto-Italic *luksos, from Proto-Indo-European *lug-so-s, from Proto-Indo-European *lewg- (“bend, twist”), whence also luctor (“wrestle”). Cognate with Sanskrit रुग्ण (rugṇá, “bent, broken”), Ancient Greek λύγος (lúgos, “twig, withe”), Lithuanian lugnas, Old Norse lykna (“to bend, close”).
語形変化
First/second-declension adjective.
| singular | plural | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| masculine | feminine | neuter | masculine | feminine | neuter | ||
| nominative | lū̆xus | lū̆xa | lū̆xum | lū̆xī | lū̆xae | lū̆xa | |
| genitive | lū̆xī | lū̆xae | lū̆xī | lū̆xōrum | lū̆xārum | lū̆xōrum | |
| dative | lū̆xō | lū̆xae | lū̆xō | lū̆xīs | |||
| accusative | lū̆xum | lū̆xam | lū̆xum | lū̆xōs | lū̆xās | lū̆xa | |
| ablative | lū̆xō | lū̆xā | lū̆xō | lū̆xīs | |||
| vocative | lū̆xe | lū̆xa | lū̆xum | lū̆xī | lū̆xae | lū̆xa | |
派生語
- lū̆xō
語源 2
Abstract u-stem noun (see -tus) formed on the same stem as the adjective luxus, from Proto-Italic *luksos, from Proto-Indo-European *lewg- (“bend, twist”).
名詞
lū̆xus m (genitive lū̆xūs); fourth declension
- a dislocation
- extravagance, luxury, excess, debauchery
- pomp, splendor
語形変化
Fourth-declension noun.
| singular | plural | |
|---|---|---|
| nominative | lū̆xus | lū̆xūs |
| genitive | lū̆xūs | lū̆xuum |
| dative | lū̆xuī | lū̆xibus |
| accusative | lū̆xum | lū̆xūs |
| ablative | lū̆xū | lū̆xibus |
| vocative | lū̆xus | lū̆xūs |
派生語
- lū̆xor
- lū̆xuria/ lū̆xuriēs
派生した語
- Insular Romance:
- Sardinian: luscu
- Italo-Romance:
- Italian: lusso
- Sicilian: lussu
- Gallo-Italic:
- Piedmontese: luss, lusso (or from Italian)
- Ibero-Romance:
- Old Galician-Portuguese: luxo
- Galician: luxo
- Portuguese: luxo
- Old Spanish: luxo
- Spanish: lujo
- → Tagalog: luho
- Spanish: lujo
- Old Galician-Portuguese: luxo
Borrowings:
- → Alemannic German: Luxus
- → Catalan: luxe
- → Czech: luxus
- → Danish: luksus
- → Finnish: luksus
- → French: luxe
- → Dutch: luxe
- → English: luxe
- → Persian: لوکس (luks)
- → Romanian: lux
- → Swedish: lyx
- → Turkish: lüks
- → German: Luxus
- → Hungarian: luxus
- → Icelandic: lúxus
- → Luxembourgish: Luxus
- → Macedonian: луксуз (luksuz)
- → Norwegian Bokmål: luksus
- → Norwegian Nynorsk: luksus
- → Polish: luksus
- → Russian: люкс (ljuks)
- → Serbo-Croatian:
- Cyrillic script: луксуз, луксус
- Latin script: luksuz, luksus
参照
- ^ Bennett, Charles E. (1907), The Latin Language: a historical outline of its sounds, inflections, and syntax, Boston: Allyn and Bacon, page 60
- ^ Bennett, Charles E. (1907), The Latin Language: a historical outline of its sounds, inflections, and syntax, Boston: Allyn and Bacon, page 39
- ^ De Vaan, Michiel (2008), “luxus”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 356
Further reading
- “luxus” in volume 7, part 1, column 1934, line 21 in the Thesaurus Linguae Latinae (TLL Open Access), Berlin (formerly Leipzig): De Gruyter (formerly Teubner), 1900–present
- “luxus”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879), A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- “luxus”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891), An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
- "luxus", in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
- Carl Meißner; Henry William Auden (1894), Latin Phrase-Book, London: Macmillan and Co.
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