JPS6251341B2 - - Google Patents
Info
- Publication number
- JPS6251341B2 JPS6251341B2 JP56187614A JP18761481A JPS6251341B2 JP S6251341 B2 JPS6251341 B2 JP S6251341B2 JP 56187614 A JP56187614 A JP 56187614A JP 18761481 A JP18761481 A JP 18761481A JP S6251341 B2 JPS6251341 B2 JP S6251341B2
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- exterior
- base
- heat insulating
- insulating layer
- board
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
Landscapes
- Roof Covering Using Slabs Or Stiff Sheets (AREA)
- Finishing Walls (AREA)
Description
【発明の詳細な説明】
本発明は建築、構築物の躯体上に下地板と防水
シートからなる外装下地を設け、この外装下地と
外装材間に防水性、断熱性、調湿性を具備した防
水断熱層を、シージングインシユレーシヨンボー
ドを多数枚階段状に敷設して形成した横葺き構造
の外装構造に関するものである。DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION The present invention provides an exterior base consisting of a base plate and a waterproof sheet on the frame of a building or structure, and provides waterproof insulation between the exterior base and the exterior material with waterproof, heat insulating and humidity control properties. The present invention relates to an exterior structure with a horizontal roofing structure in which the layers are formed by laying a large number of sheathing insulation boards in a stepwise manner.
従来における段葺き構造の外装、例えば屋根は
第１図に示すような構造になつていた。すなわ
ち、躯体１（図では垂木）上に下地板２を敷設
し、これを釘３で固設し、その上に防水シート４
（図ではアスフアルトフエルトを順々に葺き重ね
て下地５を形成したものであり、その上に例えば
第２図ａ〜ｇに示すような外装材６（図では屋根
材）を係止具９を介して順次固設した構造であつ
た。その結果、アスフアルトフエルト４と外装材
６間には楔状の空隙Ａが形成され、この空隙Ａが
積雪または屋根上での作業による圧力のため、外
装材６が変形したり、連結部が離脱することが非
常に多かつた。しかも、この変形等は屋根の主機
能である防水性を損なう欠点があつた。さらに、
外装材６の変形等は、塗膜に亀裂が入つたり、地
肌が露出するため、屋根材の耐候性、耐食性が大
幅に低下せしめられる欠点があつた。換言すれ
ば、外装材６は高温（盛夏の60〜80℃）から厳寒
の−20℃までの過酷な温度にさらされるため、僅
かの損傷でも急速に劣化が促進される不利があつ
た。また、外装材６は内、外気が共に裏、表面で
それぞれ接触するものであり、結露発生個所とな
るため、下地と屋根材を腐食する等の欠点があつ
た。さらに、従来のこの種構造において断熱材が
下地と外装材間に全く存在せず、省エネルギに欠
ける不利があつた。その他、前記下地５と外装材
６間の空隙にプラスチツクフオーム、例えばポリ
スチレンフオーム介在させ、断熱性を改善するこ
とも提案されているが、盛夏の60〜80℃によつて
劣化、溶融する不利があつた。 In the past, the exterior of a stepped roof structure, such as a roof, had a structure as shown in FIG. That is, a base plate 2 is laid on a frame 1 (rafters in the figure), fixed with nails 3, and a waterproof sheet 4 is placed on top of it.
(In the figure, asphalt felt is layered one after another to form a base 5, and on top of that, for example, an exterior material 6 (roofing material in the figure) as shown in Figures 2 a to g is applied, and a fastener 9 is attached. As a result, a wedge-shaped gap A was formed between the asphalt felt 4 and the exterior material 6, and this gap A was caused by pressure from snow accumulation or work on the roof, and the exterior material 6 was often deformed or the connecting parts came off.Furthermore, this deformation had the disadvantage of impairing the waterproofness, which is the main function of the roof.Furthermore,
Deformation of the exterior material 6 causes cracks in the paint film and exposes the skin, which has the drawback of significantly reducing the weather resistance and corrosion resistance of the roof material. In other words, since the exterior material 6 is exposed to severe temperatures ranging from high temperatures (60 to 80° C. in midsummer) to extremely cold temperatures of -20° C., it has the disadvantage that even the slightest damage causes rapid deterioration. In addition, the exterior material 6 is in contact with both the inside and outside air on the back and surface, respectively, and condensation occurs at these points, resulting in drawbacks such as corrosion of the base and roofing material. Furthermore, in the conventional structure of this type, no heat insulating material was present between the base material and the exterior material, which resulted in a disadvantage of lacking in energy saving. In addition, it has been proposed to interpose plastic foam, such as polystyrene foam, in the gap between the base 5 and the exterior material 6 to improve the heat insulation, but this method has the disadvantage of deteriorating and melting at 60 to 80 degrees Celsius in midsummer. It was hot.
本発明はこのような欠点を除去するため、外装
材と躯体間に下地板と防水シートからなる下地を
形成し、この下地上に多数のシージングインシユ
レーシヨンボードを階段状に、かつ、下地と上記
ボード間に３角形の空隙を有し、その上、横葺き
状に形成して下地表面、外装材裏面に生ずる結露
の発生を抑制し、かつ万一の漏水に対して防水シ
ートと防水断熱層からなる２重の防水構造として
下地、外装材の腐食を防止すると共に、外装材の
変形を前記ボードで阻止し、施工しやすい構造と
した外装構造を提案するものである。 In order to eliminate such drawbacks, the present invention forms a base consisting of a base plate and a waterproof sheet between the exterior material and the frame, and a large number of sheathing insulation boards are arranged on this base in a stepped manner. There is a triangular gap between the board and the above board, and in addition, it is formed in a horizontal roofing shape to suppress the occurrence of condensation on the surface of the base and the back of the exterior material, and also has a waterproof sheet and a waterproof sheet to prevent water leakage. We propose an exterior structure that has a double waterproof structure consisting of a heat insulating layer to prevent corrosion of the base and exterior materials, and also prevents deformation of the exterior materials with the board, making it easy to construct.
以下に、図面を用いて本発明に係る外装構造の
一実施例について詳細に説明する。すなわち、第
３図ａ，ｂは本発明に係る外装構造、例えば屋根
を形成した場合の一例を示す一部切り欠き斜視図
と縦断面図である。なお、第１図と相応する部分
は同一符号、番号を付する。図にいて、１は躯
体、２は下地板、３は釘、４は防水シート、５は
下地で下地板２上に防水シート４を敷設したもの
である。６は外装材で第２図ａ〜ｇに示す断面形
状で、段葺き外観となるものであり、その高さ
（段差）ｈは下記する防水断熱層７の厚さに対応
するものである。７は防水断熱層（以下、単に断
熱層という）で長方形状のシージングインシユレ
ーシヨンボード（以下、単にボードという）８を
下から上、あるいは図示するように軒から棟に向
かつて各ボードの上下端部が相互に重合し、かつ
各ボード背面８ａと下地５間に縦断面が３角形状
の空隙A′を形成するように釘３で固定し、外観
を複数段の階段状に構成したものである。さらに
説明すると、断熱層７は第４図に示すようなボー
ド８を第５図に示すように敷設固定したものであ
る。すなわち、断熱層７の第１段目７―o0はボー
ド８―o0―１，８―o0―２，……８―o0―oの順に
左右端を接触させて直列（横葺き状）に構成した
ものである。また、第２段目７―o1はボード８―
o1―１，８―o1―２……８―o1―oの順で矢印イ方
向に上記と同様に構成すると共に、下端部を△ｌ
だけ重合させ、その上から釘３を打ち込み、上端
部を下地５に接触させて、縦断面が３角形状の空
隙A′を形成する。このような構成を矢印ロ方向
に棟までｎ段形成したものである。なお、空隙
A′はボード８の調湿機能を助長するための調節
部として作用するものである。また、ボード８は
断熱層７の段差ｈ（板厚）も考慮して厚さを９〜
30mm、外形を長方形状に形成し、その幅Ｗは約
150〜600mm、長さＬは200〜3636mm位に設定した
ものである。これは強度、外観が段葺き状に見え
る寸法の段差があること、および外装材６、ここ
では屋根材の一般的な寸法の関係から選択したも
のである。さらにボード８は防水材、断熱材、補
強材および調湿材として機能させるため、良質木
材の原木をパルプ化し、さらに解繊、精解繊され
たもの、耐水剤、防腐剤、防虫剤、アスフアルト
等を原料とするものである。しかも、ボード８は
この原料から板体を成形すると共に、その表面に
アスフアルトをコーテングしたもの、あるいは板
体に成形する前にアスフアルトを含浸したもので
ある。特に、アスフアルトの含浸、またはコーテ
ング量は防水性、調湿性を考慮して10〜40％（重
量比）である。なお、アスフアルトの含浸量を上
記のように規定したのは10％以下では防水性に欠
け、40％以上では調湿性、所謂呼吸性が著しく低
下することに起因するものである。 An embodiment of the exterior structure according to the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the drawings. That is, FIGS. 3a and 3b are a partially cutaway perspective view and a vertical cross-sectional view showing an example of an exterior structure according to the present invention, for example, a roof. Note that parts corresponding to those in FIG. 1 are given the same symbols and numbers. In the figure, 1 is a frame, 2 is a base plate, 3 is a nail, 4 is a waterproof sheet, and 5 is a base, with a waterproof sheet 4 laid on the base plate 2. Reference numeral 6 denotes an exterior material which has a cross-sectional shape shown in FIGS. 2a to 2g and has a stepped appearance, and its height (step) h corresponds to the thickness of the waterproof and heat insulating layer 7 described below. 7 is a waterproof insulation layer (hereinafter simply referred to as insulation layer), and a rectangular sheathing insulation board (hereinafter simply referred to as board) 8 is inserted from bottom to top or from eave to ridge as shown in the figure. The upper and lower ends overlap each other and are fixed with nails 3 so as to form a gap A' having a triangular vertical cross section between the back surface 8a of each board and the base 5, so that the external appearance is structured in the form of multiple steps. It is something. To explain further, the heat insulating layer 7 is made by laying and fixing a board 8 as shown in FIG. 4 as shown in FIG. In other words, the first stage 7- o0 of the heat insulating layer 7 is constructed by connecting the boards 8- o0 -1, 8- o0 -2, ...8- o0 - o in series (horizontally) with their left and right ends touching in this order. This is what I did. Also, the second row 7- o1 is board 8-
o1 -1,8- o1 -2...8- o1 - Build in the same manner as above in the direction of arrow A in the order of o , and also attach the lower end to △l.
Then, a nail 3 is driven from above, and the upper end is brought into contact with the base 5 to form a gap A' having a triangular longitudinal section. This structure is formed in n stages up to the ridge in the direction of arrow B. In addition, the void
A' acts as an adjustment part for promoting the humidity control function of the board 8. In addition, the thickness of the board 8 is set to 9 to 9, taking into account the step h (board thickness) of the heat insulating layer 7.
30mm, the outer shape is rectangular, and the width W is approx.
The length L is set to 150 to 600 mm, and the length L is set to about 200 to 3636 mm. This was selected because of the strength, the fact that there are steps with dimensions that give the appearance of a stepped roof, and the general dimensions of the exterior material 6, here a roof material. Furthermore, in order to function as a waterproofing material, insulation material, reinforcing material, and humidity control material, the board 8 is made by pulping high-quality wood logs, and is further treated with fibrillated and refined materials, waterproofing agents, preservatives, insect repellents, and asphalt. etc. as raw materials. Furthermore, the board 8 is formed into a plate from this raw material, and its surface is coated with asphalt, or the board is impregnated with asphalt before being formed into a plate. In particular, the amount of asphalt impregnated or coated is 10 to 40% (weight ratio) in consideration of waterproofness and moisture control properties. The reason for specifying the amount of asphalt impregnated as above is that if it is less than 10%, it lacks waterproofness, and if it is more than 40%, the humidity control property, so-called breathability, is significantly reduced.
次に本発明に係る外装構造、例えば屋根の施工
法について説明する。そこで第３図ａに示すよう
に躯体１上に下地板２、防水シート４の順に敷設
して下地５を形成し、その全面に第５図に示すよ
うな断熱層７を形成する。なお、この際、釘３は
スクリユー釘、あるいは一般的な釘でもよいが、
亜鉛釘が好ましい。また、釘３はボード８の下端
部、所謂重合部を固定するか、上下端を全部固定
するかのいずれかで固定する。その後で、第２図
ｅに示す屋根材を第１段目のボード８―o0―１上
に載置し、係止具９を介して屋根材６―o0―１を
固定する。屋根材６―o0―１の左端を屋根材６―
o0―２の右端縁に係合、あるいは載置することを
順次桁方向に行うことにより第１段目のボード８
―o0―１……８―o0―o上に第１段目の屋根を葺成
する。また、第２段目は屋根材６―o1―１，６―
o1―２……６―o1―oの下端を第１段目の屋根材の
上端部に係合し、ボード８―o1―１，８―o1―２
……８―o1―o上に順に載置、係合等すると共
に、係止具９を介して固定し第２段目の屋根を葺
成する。従つて、屋根は上記と同様の作業を第３
段目から第ｎ段まで、所謂断熱層７を全部被覆す
るまでくり返し行うことにより完成するものであ
る。 Next, a method of constructing an exterior structure, such as a roof, according to the present invention will be explained. Therefore, as shown in FIG. 3a, a base plate 2 and a waterproof sheet 4 are laid in this order on the frame 1 to form a base 5, and a heat insulating layer 7 as shown in FIG. 5 is formed on the entire surface thereof. In this case, the nail 3 may be a screw nail or a general nail, but
Zinc nails are preferred. Further, the nails 3 are fixed either at the lower end of the board 8, the so-called overlapping part, or at all the upper and lower ends. Thereafter, the roofing material shown in FIG. Roofing material 6- o0 -1 left end of roofing material 6-
By sequentially engaging or placing the right edge of o0-2 in the digit direction, the first stage board 8
― o0 ―1…8― o0 ― The first roof is built on top of o . In addition, the second stage is roofing material 6- o1 -1,6-
o1 -2...6- Engage the lower end of o1 - o with the upper end of the first tier of roofing material, and connect the board 8- o1 -1 , 8- o1 -2
. . . 8- o1 - o are sequentially placed and engaged, etc., and fixed via the locking tool 9 to form the second stage roof. Therefore, the roof requires the same work as above.
It is completed by repeating the process from the stage to the nth stage until the so-called heat insulating layer 7 is completely covered.
以上、説明したのは、本発明に係る外装構造の
一実施例にすぎず、外壁に対し、土台から順に断
熱層７を形成し、次に外装材６を段葺き状に葺成
することもできる。さらに、第６図ａ，ｂに示す
ように吸湿紙、または防水性のあるシート（ただ
し、通気可能なミクロン単位の孔が無数個穿設さ
れている構造）１０を貼着したボード８を用いる
こともできる。 What has been described above is only one example of the exterior structure according to the present invention, and it is also possible to form the heat insulating layer 7 on the exterior wall in order starting from the base, and then layer the exterior material 6 in a stepped manner. can. Furthermore, as shown in FIGS. 6a and 6b, a board 8 on which moisture-absorbing paper or a waterproof sheet (provided that it has a structure in which numerous holes of micron size are perforated for ventilation) is pasted is used. You can also do that.
上述したように本発明に係る外装構造によれ
ば、躯体と外装材間に断熱性、防水性、および
調湿性を有する下地と断熱層を確実に形成するこ
とができるため、結露等による下地、および外装
材の腐食を防止できる。断熱層と下地間に縦断
面が３角形状の空隙を形成して断熱層の調湿機能
を助長することができる。断熱層は構成材であ
るボードの板厚を段差として段葺き状に形成した
ため、外装材装着時の定規として機能し、外装材
の施工が容易である。断熱層に防水性、断熱
性、調湿性があるため防水シートなしで断熱層上
に外装材を直接に装着できる。外装材が盛夏に
高温（80℃）になつても断熱性、防水性、調湿性
はアスフアルトの軟化程度で劣化はしない。外
装材と躯体間に断熱層と防水シートの２重の防水
構造を形成したため、万一の漏水についても下地
板、躯体に雨水が到達することがない。外装材
は断熱層上に載置、固定されるため、外力に対し
十分に耐えることができる。外装材が段葺き状
に葺成されるため、立体感のある外装を高能率
で、かつ熟練を必要とすることなく形成できる。
等の特徴がある。 As described above, according to the exterior structure according to the present invention, it is possible to reliably form a base and a heat insulating layer between the frame and the exterior material, which have heat insulating properties, waterproof properties, and moisture control properties, so that the base due to condensation, etc. and can prevent corrosion of exterior materials. A void having a triangular vertical cross section can be formed between the heat insulating layer and the base to promote the humidity control function of the heat insulating layer. Since the heat insulating layer is formed in a step-like manner with steps in the thickness of the boards that make up the structure, it functions as a ruler when installing the exterior material, making it easy to install the exterior material. Because the insulation layer has waterproof, heat-insulating, and moisture-control properties, exterior materials can be attached directly to the insulation layer without the need for a waterproof sheet. Even when the exterior material reaches high temperatures (80 degrees Celsius) in midsummer, its insulation, waterproofing, and humidity control properties do not deteriorate beyond the softening of the asphalt. A double waterproof structure consisting of a heat insulating layer and a waterproof sheet is formed between the exterior material and the frame, so even in the unlikely event of a water leak, rainwater will not reach the base plate or the frame. Since the exterior material is placed and fixed on the heat insulating layer, it can sufficiently withstand external forces. Since the exterior material is roofed in a stepped manner, a three-dimensional exterior can be formed with high efficiency and without the need for skill.
It has the following characteristics.
第１図は従来の段葺屋根を示す斜視図、第２図
ａ〜ｇは一般に使用されている外装材、例えば屋
根材の縦断面を示す説明図、第３図ａ，ｂは本発
明に係る外装構造を屋根に用いたときの屋根構造
の一実施例を示す斜視図および断面図、第４図は
本発明において使用するシージングインシユレー
シヨンボードを示す斜視図、第５図は本発明に係
る外装構造により形成された防水断熱層の一部を
示す斜視図、第６図ａ，ｂは本発明に係る外装構
造で使用するシージングインシユレーシヨンボー
ドのその他の実施例を示す斜視図である。
１……躯体、２……下地板、３……釘、４……
防水シート、５……下地、７……防水断熱層。
Fig. 1 is a perspective view showing a conventional terraced roof, Figs. 2 a to g are explanatory diagrams showing longitudinal sections of commonly used exterior materials, such as roofing materials, and Figs. 3 a and b are illustrations of the present invention. A perspective view and a sectional view showing an example of a roof structure when such an exterior structure is used for a roof, FIG. 4 is a perspective view showing a sheathing insulation board used in the present invention, and FIG. 5 is a perspective view showing a sheathing insulation board used in the present invention. FIGS. 6a and 6b are perspective views showing other embodiments of the sheathing insulation board used in the exterior structure according to the present invention; FIGS. It is. 1...Structure, 2...Baseboard, 3...Nails, 4...
Tarpaulin sheet, 5...base layer, 7...waterproof insulation layer.
Claims (1)
に下地板を敷設し、その上に防水シートを張設し
て下地を形成し、該下地と外装材間に階段状の防
水、断熱、調湿性を有する防水断熱層を設けてな
り、上記防水断熱層は、外形が長方形のシージン
グインシユレーシヨンボードを多数枚、その上下
端部で相互に重合させると共に、上記各ボードの
背面と下地間に縦断面が３角形状となる空隙を形
成するように固定して形成されていることを特徴
とする外装構造。1. A base plate is laid on the frame of the rafters, main pillars, studs, etc. of a building or structure, a waterproof sheet is stretched over it to form the base, and a step-like waterproofing and insulation is created between the base and the exterior material. , a waterproof heat insulating layer having humidity control properties is provided, and the waterproof heat insulating layer consists of a number of sheathing insulation boards each having a rectangular outer shape, the upper and lower ends of which overlap each other, and the back surface of each of the boards. An exterior structure characterized in that the exterior structure is fixedly formed to form a gap having a triangular vertical cross section between base materials.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP18761481A JPS5891257A (en) | 1981-11-21 | 1981-11-21 | Execution of exterior material |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP18761481A JPS5891257A (en) | 1981-11-21 | 1981-11-21 | Execution of exterior material |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JPS5891257A JPS5891257A (en) | 1983-05-31 |
| JPS6251341B2 true JPS6251341B2 (en) | 1987-10-29 |
Family
ID=16209184
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP18761481A Granted JPS5891257A (en) | 1981-11-21 | 1981-11-21 | Execution of exterior material |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JPS5891257A (en) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPH02136243U (en) * | 1989-04-18 | 1990-11-14 |
Families Citing this family (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPH034662Y2 (en) * | 1984-11-19 | 1991-02-06 |
Family Cites Families (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS5938382B2 (en) * | 1980-03-24 | 1984-09-17 | 元旦 船木 | roof structure |
-
1981
- 1981-11-21 JP JP18761481A patent/JPS5891257A/en active Granted
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPH02136243U (en) * | 1989-04-18 | 1990-11-14 |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JPS5891257A (en) | 1983-05-31 |
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