JPH0512882B2 - - Google Patents

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION Field of Industrial Application The present invention relates to a tunable amplifier device that can be used in transmitters and receivers of televisions, radios, stereo tuners, personal radios, and other communication devices in general.

Conventional configurations and their problems In recent years, the number of broadcast waves from televisions and radios and communication waves from communication devices has increased, and the performance of tuned amplifiers that select and amplify the broadcast signals that you wish to receive requires high tuning accuracy, Stability and reliability are needed. On the other hand, reducing the manufacturing costs of receivers, transmitters, and communication devices that install tuned amplifiers is also a major issue, and it is especially necessary to develop radical new technology for the components of tuned amplifiers in the high frequency section, which are difficult to rationalize. It is said that

A conventional tuned amplifier will be described below with reference to the drawings. FIG. 1 is a circuit diagram of a conventional tuned amplifier, in which 1 is a tuning inductor, 2 is a variable capacitor, and 3 is a fixed capacitor, each of which constitutes a tuning circuit 4. The signal input to the input terminal 5 is amplified by the amplifier 6, and the amplified output is output to the output terminal 7 and is also supplied to the tuner 4.

Further, FIG. 2 is a diagram showing a conventional component configuration that constitutes the tuning circuit 4 in FIG. It was connected.

However, in the above configuration, the inductor and capacitor components are large in size compared to other high-frequency components, and their height is particularly high, which hinders the miniaturization and thinning of equipment equipped with tuned amplifiers. ing.

The inductance of an inductor component tends to shift due to mechanical vibration, and since the ferrite core has a large temperature dependence, the inductance is unstable, and the tuning frequency in the tuner fluctuates greatly. Therefore, even if a tuned amplifier is configured, its amplification gain varies greatly depending on the surrounding conditions.

The inductor component and the capacitor component exist as separate components and are connected by a long circuit conductor, resulting in a large amount of lead inductance and stray capacitor, making the tuned circuit operation unstable. As a result, it is not possible to ensure sufficient selection characteristics, and further disadvantages occur such as unnecessary resonance states appearing at uncertain frequency points, making it impossible to realize a tuned amplifier as designed. . As a result, abnormal oscillation occurs, unnecessary signal response occurs, harmonic components increase in the amplified signal, and distortion increases due to this.
This results in a narrowing of the change width in the variable tuning frequency, and furthermore, a deterioration in intermodulation interference rejection characteristics and spurious interference rejection characteristics.

Since a tuned circuit is a set of individual parts with independent minimum unit functions, there are limits to reducing the number of parts and rationalizing manufacturing.

It had problems such as.

Purpose of the Invention The purpose of the present invention is to construct a tuned amplifier equipped with a tuner formed by integrating an inductor part and a capacitor part, and further to make the shape of the tuned amplifier ultra-thin and compact, The amplification tuning operation is stable against fluctuations in ambient conditions such as mechanical vibrations and temperature changes, and the amplification tuning accuracy is high. Stable amplification tuning operation is possible even in the high frequency range, excluding the negative effects of connection leads in the tuner. Another object of the present invention is to provide a tuned amplifier that can reduce the number of parts and streamline manufacturing.

Structure of the Invention The amplifying device of the present invention comprises one or more electrodes that are arranged opposite to each other via a dielectric or arranged side by side on the surface of the dielectric, and their terminals connected to the ground are opposite to each other. It is configured so that the open terminal of any one electrode in the tuner is connected to the input terminal or output terminal of the amplifier, so that one of the opposing or parallel electrodes in the tuner acts as a distributed inductor. Furthermore, by arranging this electrode that acts as a distributed inductor and the other electrode facing or parallel to each other, a distributed constant circuit with an open tip is formed, thereby realizing distributed capacitance due to the generated negative reactance, and achieving the above-mentioned effect. A tuned circuit is formed by acting in parallel with a distributed inductor, and a tuned amplification function is obtained by connecting this tuning circuit to the amplifier as a load or a precircuit for the amplifier.

DESCRIPTION OF EMBODIMENTS Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.

FIG. 3 shows a circuit configuration diagram of an amplifier device in an embodiment of the present invention. The signal input to the input terminal 13 is amplified by the amplifier 14, and the amplified output signal is output to the output terminal 15. The amplified output signal is then supplied to an input terminal 15 (common with the output terminal 15 of the amplifier 14) of the tuner 16. In the tuner 16, 17
is a transmission line electrode having an inductance resulting from the combined inductance of the distributed inductor and the lumped inductor generated by bending the transmission line. On the other hand, 18 is a transmission line electrode that faces or is parallel to the transmission line electrode 17 via a dielectric (not shown) or on its surface. The transmission path electrodes 17 and 18 form a transmission path that generates negative reactance. Here, the ground terminals of the respective transmission line electrodes 17 and 18 are set to be on opposite sides.

FIG. 4 shows a circuit diagram of an amplifier device according to another embodiment of the present invention. The signal input to the input terminal 19 is amplified by the amplifier 20,
The amplified output signal is outputted to the output terminal 21. The amplified output signal is then transmitted to the tuner 22.
Input terminal 21 (output terminal 2 of amplifier 20
(common with 1). In the tuner 22,
Reference numeral 23 denotes a transmission line having an inductance resulting from the combined inductance of the distributed inductor and the concentrated inductor generated by bending the transmission line. On the other hand, 24 is a transmission line electrode that faces or is parallel to the transmission line electrode 23 via a dielectric (not shown) or on its surface. The transmission path electrodes 23 and 24 form a transmission path that generates negative reactance. Here, the ground terminals of the respective transmission line electrodes 23 and 24 are set to be on opposite sides. Further, a voltage variable capacitance diode 25 is connected as a variable reactance element to the input terminal 21 which is set as an open terminal of the transmission line electrode 23. 26 is a control voltage input terminal for the voltage variable capacitance diode 25.

FIG. 5 shows a circuit diagram of an amplifier device according to another embodiment of the present invention. The signal input to the input terminal 27 is tuned and selected by the input tuner 28 and supplied to the input terminal 30 of the amplifier 29 . The amplified output signal amplified by the amplifier 29 is output to an output terminal 31 and is also supplied to an output tuner 32 for further tuning selection and output to an output terminal 33. Here the input tuner 28
The respective configurations of the transmission line electrodes 34 and 35, the voltage variable capacitance diode 36, and the control voltage input terminal 37 in the output tuner 32, the transmission line electrodes 38 and 39, the voltage variable capacitance diode 40, and the control voltage in the output tuner 32 The configuration of each input terminal 41 is the same as the configuration of the tuner 22 explained in FIG. 4. Here, each of the input terminal 27 and the output terminal 33 can be arbitrarily set at a position having a required impedance in the transmission line electrodes 34 and 39.

In the embodiments shown in FIGS. 3 to 5 above, each of the terminals set to ground in each tuner 16, 22, 28, 32 is
Each tuner 16, 2 without connection to earth
2, 28 and 32 as common terminals to other circuits including the respective amplifiers 14, 20 and 29, the desired purpose can also be achieved. Furthermore, the input terminals 15, 21, 31 and output terminals 30 in the tuners 16, 22, 28, 32 are not limited to being set at the tips of the respective transmission line electrodes 17, 23, 35, 38. , can be set at any position with the required impedance. Regarding the installation positions of the voltage variable capacitance diodes 25, 36, and 40,
The connection is not limited to predetermined positions on the transmission line electrodes 17, 23, 35, and 38, but the required purpose can be achieved even if the connection is made at any position on the transmission line electrodes 18, 24, 34, and 39. can do.

In the embodiments shown in FIGS. 3 to 5 above, if it is necessary to adjust the tuning frequency in each tuner 16, 22, 28, 32,
A required portion of the transmission line electrodes 18, 24, 34, 39 is arbitrarily cut out, or the transmission line electrodes 17, 18, 23, 24, 34, 35, 38, 3
By arbitrarily setting the ground terminal 9 at a required location, the distributed capacitance and inductance can be changed and the purpose can be achieved.

In the embodiments described above, the one shown in FIG. 3 can configure a tuned amplifier having a single tuning frequency with a simple configuration, and the one shown in FIG. The device shown in FIG. 5 can be configured to have even higher selection characteristics and can arbitrarily vary the tuning frequency.

FIGS. 6 to 14 are representative of the tuner 16 described in FIG. 3, and show examples of the structure of the transmission line electrodes and dielectric material. In Fig. 6, a is a surface view, b is a side view, and c
shows the back view. (The same applies to FIGS. 7 to 13 below) In FIG. 6, 100 is a dielectric substrate, and 101 and 102 are electrodes forming a distributed constant circuit to realize a distributed inductor and a distributed capacitor. The ground terminals of the electrodes 101 and 102 are set so that the opposing electrodes are arranged in opposite directions, as shown in FIG. (Hereafter, Section 7
6-14) The sides shown in FIG. 6a correspond to the sides shown in FIG. 6c, respectively. (The same applies to FIGS. 7 to 13 below) In FIG.
Electrodes 104 and 105 having bent portions are placed opposite each other.

In FIG. 8, electrodes 107 and 108 having a plurality of bent portions are placed facing each other with a dielectric substrate 106 in between.

In FIG. 9, meander-shaped electrodes 110 and 111 are placed facing each other with a dielectric substrate 109 in between.

In FIG. 10, spiral-shaped electrodes 113 and 114 are placed facing each other with a dielectric substrate 112 in between.

In FIG. 11, electrodes 116 and 117 are installed on the surface of a dielectric substrate 115, facing each other laterally.

In FIG. 12, electrodes 119 and 120 are provided inside a dielectric substrate 118, facing each other.

In FIG. 13, an electrode 122 is installed inside a dielectric substrate 121, an electrode 123 is installed on the surface of the dielectric substrate 121, and the electrodes 122 and 123 are opposed to each other.

FIG. 14 shows a configuration diagram of a tuner in another embodiment of the present invention. Cylindrical dielectric 12
4, an electrode 125 is installed on the inner periphery, and an electrode 126 is installed on the outer periphery facing the electrode 125. And each electrode 12
The ground terminals 5 and 126 are set to be on opposite sides of each other. Here, the dielectric 124
In addition to the cylindrical shape, a rectangular cylinder shape or a solenoid shape can also be used.

In the embodiments shown in FIGS. 6 to 14, the opposing electrodes have the same shape and completely face each other across the entire surface. However, even if one arbitrary electrode has a different equivalent length compared to the other electrode, It can also be realized by partially opposing the partner electrodes. Further, the shapes of the electrodes used in the embodiments shown in FIGS. 11 to 14 can also be realized using the shapes shown in the embodiments shown in FIGS. 7 to 10.

Further, in the embodiments shown in FIGS. 7 to 10, the bent portions are formed in an arcuate pattern having a predetermined bending angle, but apart from this, the bent portions are formed in an arcuate pattern having a predetermined curvature. It goes without saying that the electrode may be formed with a pattern of:

In each of the above embodiments, the ground terminal of each electrode does not have to be specially set as a ground terminal, but can generally be connected to another circuit section (not shown) as a common terminal to achieve the desired purpose. can. Furthermore, these ground terminals or common terminals are not limited to the ends of the respective electrodes, but can be arbitrarily set at respective portions that are in a mutually opposing positional relationship.

In each of the above-mentioned embodiments, the one shown in FIG. 6 can be constructed with a simple electrode pattern, and a highly accurate electrode pattern can be easily formed. Thereby, it is possible to construct a tuner that precisely matches the design target tuning frequency. In the case shown in FIGS. 7 to 10, it is possible to form a relatively large inductor and capacitor even if the area occupied by the tuner is small. Therefore, a compact tuner with a relatively low tuning frequency can be realized, and the space factor of the tuner can be improved. In the device shown in FIG. 11, both electrodes can be formed on only one side of the dielectric, so the manufacturing process can be simplified. Furthermore, both electrodes can be formed by the same electrode forming process. Thereby, the positioning accuracy between the electrodes can be achieved with extremely high accuracy, and a tuner that matches the designed target tuning frequency with extremely high accuracy can be constructed. What is shown in FIGS. 12 and 13 can be introduced into the manufacturing process of multilayer circuit boards. As a result, the electrodes are placed inside the dielectric and are not exposed to the outside, so they are not directly affected by changes in external conditions. Therefore, since the tuning frequency of the tuner is not affected, it is possible to realize a tuner with extremely stable performance. 1st
Even if the tuner shown in FIG. 4 is made smaller than those shown in FIGS. 6 to 13, it is possible to form a sufficiently large inductor and capacitor. Therefore, an ultra-small tuner having a sufficiently low tuning frequency can be realized. Furthermore, when manufacturing the device shown in FIG. 14, the electrodes are formed on a continuous cylindrical dielectric material in succession, and the electrodes are cut into required dimensions and lengths, thereby making it easy to manufacture in large quantities. It is possible to manufacture.

In addition, as the transmission line electrode in each of the above embodiments, a metal conductor, a printed metal foil conductor, a thick film printed conductor, a thin film conductor, etc. can be used.
Further, the transmission path electrode may be formed by combining different types of the above-mentioned conductors. On the other hand, dielectric materials include alumina ceramic, chitavari, plastic,
Teflon, glass, mica, resin printed circuit boards, etc. can be used.

The operation of the tuner used in the amplifier of this embodiment configured as described above will be explained below.

FIG. 15 is an equivalent circuit for explaining the operation of the tuner of the present invention. In FIG. 15a, a signal source that generates a voltage ∂ with respect to a transmission path formed by transmission path electrodes 70 and 71 having an electrical length l and having their ground terminals set in opposite directions. 72 is connected to the transmission line electrode 70 to supply a signal. As a result, a traveling wave voltage _∂A is excited at the open terminal at the tip of the transmission line electrode 70. on the other hand,
Since the transmission line electrode 71 is disposed close to the above-mentioned transmission line electrode 70, facing each other or in parallel, a voltage is induced by mutual dielectric action. Let the traveling wave voltage generated at the open terminal at the tip of the transmission line electrode 71 be _∂B .

Here, since the ground terminals of the transmission line electrodes 70 and 71 are set in opposite directions, the induced traveling wave voltage l _B has an opposite phase to the excited traveling wave voltage ∂ _A. Since the tips of the transmission paths are open, the respective traveling wave voltages ∂ _A and ∂ _B are applied to the transmission path electrodes 70 and 7.
A voltage standing wave is formed in the transmission path consisting of 1. Here, if the voltage distribution coefficient indicating the distribution mode of the voltage standing wave in the transmission line electrode 70 is expressed as K, then the voltage distribution coefficient in the transmission line electrode 71 can be expressed as (1-K).

Therefore, next, we will discuss the potential difference V generated at any opposing portions of the transmission line electrodes 70 and 71.
can be expressed as V=K∂ _A −(1−K)∂ _B ……(1). Here, assuming that the respective transmission line electrodes 70 and 71 have the same electrical length l, ∂ _B =−∂ _A ...(2), so that the potential difference V in equation (1) is V=K∂ _A +(1-K) ∂ _A = ∂ _A ...(3). That is, a potential difference V can be generated in all parts where the transmission line electrodes 70 and 71 face each other.

Here, it is assumed that the transmission line electrodes 70 and 71 have an electrode width W (the thickness of the electrodes is thin), and are opposed to each other at a distance d via a dielectric material having a dielectric constant ε _S. . In this case, the capacitance C ₀ formed per unit length of the transmission path is C ₀ =Q/V=Q/∂ _A ...(4) Q=ε ₀ ε _S W・V/d=ε ₀ ε _S W・∂A d ...(5) Therefore, C ₀ =ε ₀ ε _S W/d ...(6).

Therefore, the transmission path shown in FIG. 15a is as shown in FIG. 15b.
It can be found using the 6th formula per unit length as shown in
This becomes a transmission path including a C ₀ distributed capacitor 73.
Furthermore, as shown in FIG. 15c, this transmission line has a distributed constant consisting of integrated distributed inductors 77 and 78 and a distributed capacitor 73 due to the distributed inductor component of the transmission line and the lumped inductor component generated by the bent shape of the transmission line, respectively. It can be expressed equivalently as a circuit.

Next, the relationship between the formation of the distributed capacitor 73 and the electrical length l of the transmission path will be explained. The characteristic impedance Z ₀ per unit length in a balanced mode transmission line as shown in FIG. 16a can be expressed by an equivalent circuit shown in FIG. 16b. Its characteristic impedance Z ₀ is generally becomes. If the transmission path is lossless, then becomes. This assumption can be applied to many of the embodiments of the tuner of the present invention, and to simplify the explanation, the characteristic impedance Z ₀ shown in equation (8) below is
Use. The capacitance C ₀ in Equation (8) is the same as the capacitance C ₀ per unit length in the transmission path found in Equation (6). That is, the characteristic impedance per unit length Z ₀ in the transmission line is a function of the capacitance C ₀ , which is also a function of the permittivity ε _S of the dielectric material involved in the capacitor C ₀ ,
It is also a function of the width W of the transmission line electrodes and the installation interval d of each transmission line electrode.

As described above, the characteristic impedance per unit length in the transmission line is Z ₀ , the electrical length is l, and the equivalent reactance X generated at the terminal of the transmission line with the end in an open state is X=-Z ₀ cotθ can be expressed as (9). Here, θ=2πl/λ...(10), and especially in the case of θ=0~π/2 θ=π~3/4π...(11), the equivalent reactance X is X≦0...(12) becomes. In other words, the equivalent reactance at the terminal of the transmission line can be the capacitive reactance. Therefore, depending on the electrical length l of the transmission path, θ becomes the
When formula (11) is satisfied, a capacitor can be formed by setting the electrical length l to λ/4 or less, for example. And the capacitance C of the capacitor that can be formed is As expressed by , any capacitance C can be realized by changing θ, that is, by setting the electrical length l of the transmission path.

The operation mode of the transmission line explained in Equations (9) to (13) above is expressed in the diagram in the 17th
It is a diagram. FIG. 17 shows how the equivalent reactance X generated at the terminal changes in accordance with the change in the electrical length l of the transmission line with its tip in an open state. As is clear from Figure 17,
The electrical length l of the transmission line is λ/4 or less or λ/2 ~
In cases such as at 4λ/3, it is possible to form a negative terminal reactance, ie equivalently to form a capacitor.
Further, by arbitrarily setting the electrical length l of the transmission path under conditions that generate negative terminal reactance, it is possible to realize the capacitance C to an arbitrary value.

The capacitor C thus formed can be equivalently replaced as a lumped constant capacitor 79 shown in FIG. 15d. Furthermore, the inductor formed by the sum of the distributed inductor component existing in the transmission line and the concentrated inductor component generated by bending the transmission line is:
It can be equivalently replaced as a lumped constant inductor 80. If the ground terminal is made common in FIG. 15d, it will eventually become equivalent to a parallel resonant circuit consisting of a lumped constant capacitor 79 and a lumped constant inductor 80, as shown in FIG. 15e. can be realized.

As the amplifier used in the above-described amplification device, an amplifier based on a semiconductor device such as a transistor, a field effect transistor, or an IC, or an amplifier based on a vacuum tube can be used.

Effects of the Invention As is clear from the above description, the present invention configures a tuner with electrodes that are placed opposite to each other via a thin dielectric layer or arranged in parallel on the surface of the dielectric, and connects the tuner to the input of an amplifier. Since it is configured to be connected to the terminal or output terminal, it is possible to configure a resonant circuit in a tuner used in an amplifier device without installing a connecting lead between the inductor and the capacitor, and also to perform the tuning function. I can do it. Thereby, lead inductance and stray capacitance in the tuner can be completely eliminated. Therefore, unexpected resonance other than resonance at the target tuning frequency does not occur over a wide frequency band. As a result, stable frequency selection characteristics can be ensured, the level of the fundamental wave in the signal to be amplified can be made sufficiently high, and the level of its harmonic components can be sufficiently reduced. Therefore, distortion in the amplified signal can be significantly stabilized and reduced. Furthermore, by ensuring stable frequency selection characteristics, it is possible to sufficiently reduce the problems of intermodulation interference and spurious interference that occur when a large number of signals are simultaneously amplified.

Since it is possible to realize an amplifier device with a tuner that can be made into a module, there is no constant variation in inductance and capacitance in the tuner due to mechanical vibration, and as a result, the amplification tuning characteristics are extremely stable. be.
In addition, by using a material with a low temperature dependence of dielectric constant as the dielectric material constituting the tuner, fluctuations in capacitance due to changes in ambient temperature can be made extremely small, thereby making it possible to extremely improve tuning characteristics. It can be made stable. Therefore, the amplification gain characteristics and unnecessary interference signal rejection characteristics of the amplifier device do not depend on changes in ambient conditions, and these characteristics are ensured stably not only in the initial stage of configuring the amplifier device but also over a very long period of time. can do.

With a simple configuration, it is possible to realize an amplifying device that has an integrated tuner and has a very simple form. Furthermore, it becomes possible to realize an ultra-thin and compact amplifier device. Therefore, the amount of unnecessary radiation of the amplified signal radiated from the tuner can be extremely reduced. This not only makes it possible to stabilize the amplification operation of the constituting amplification device itself, but also prevents interference with other amplification systems.

If the circuit board that makes up the amplifier is used as the dielectric for the tuner in the amplifier,
The implementation form in the amplifier device can be rationalized. Moreover, it is thereby possible to further significantly reduce the number of parts constituting the tuner, thereby realizing an amplifier device suitable for mass production, and significantly reducing manufacturing costs.

This excellent effect can be obtained.

[Brief explanation of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a configuration circuit diagram of a conventional amplifier, FIG. 2 is a perspective view of a component configuration of a tuner used in a conventional amplifier, and FIGS. 3 to 5 are configurations of an amplifier according to an embodiment of the present invention. Circuit diagrams, figures 6 to 14
The figures are configuration diagrams of a tuner used in an amplifier device according to an embodiment of the present invention. In Figs. 6 to 13, a is a front view, b is a side view, c is a back view, and
4, a is a side view, b is a top view, and FIGS. 15 to 17 are diagrams illustrating the operating principle of the tuner used in the amplifier device in the embodiment of the present invention. 14, 20, 29...Amplifier, 16, 22, 2
8, 32... Tuner, 17, 18, 23, 24,
34, 35, 38, 39, 101, 102, 10
4,105,107,108,110,111,
113, 114, 116, 117, 119, 12
0,122,123,125,126,70,7
1... Transmission line electrode, 25, 36, 40... Voltage variable capacitance diode, 100, 103,
106, 109, 112, 115, 118, 12
1,124...Dielectric material.

Claims (1)

[Scope of Claims] 1. A tuner in which the terminals connected to the ground of the electrodes, which are arranged opposite to each other via a dielectric or arranged side by side on the surface of the dielectric, are set in a different positional relationship so that they do not face each other. An amplifier device characterized in that an amplifier is connected to an input terminal or an output terminal of an amplifier. 2. The amplifier according to claim 1, wherein a variable reactance element is connected to an open terminal of an electrode in a tuner. 3 Claim 2 using a voltage variable capacitance diode as a variable reactance element
Amplification device as described in Section. 4. Claim 1 in which an electrode having at least one bending portion exhibiting a predetermined bending angle or bending rate and a predetermined bending direction is used.
The amplification device according to any one of Items 1 to 3. 5. The amplification device according to any one of claims 1 to 3, using electrodes having a spiral shape. 6. The amplification according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the length of one electrode is set shorter than the length of the other electrode, and the amplification is arranged oppositely or in parallel at a predetermined portion. Device. 7. The amplifier device according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein each electrode or a portion or all of a predetermined one side of the electrode is installed inside a dielectric. 8. The amplification device according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the respective electrodes are installed on the inner circumference or the outer circumference of a cylindrical or prismatic dielectric body.