Sloughとは 意味・読み方・使い方

別の表記

• sluff

発音

• (Received Pronunciation, General American) IPA: /slʌf/
• (General Australian, New Zealand) IPA: /slɐf/
• (Northern England) IPA: /slʊf/
• 韻: -ʌf

名詞

slough (countable and uncountable, plural sloughs)

1. The skin shed by a snake or other reptile.

   That is the slough of a rattler; we must be careful.

   • 1886 October – 1887 January, H[enry] Rider Haggard, She: A History of Adventure, London: Longmans, Green, and Co., published 1887, →OCLC:

     And without more ado she stood up and shook the white wrappings from her, and came forth shining and splendid like some glittering snake when she has cast her slough; ay, and fixed her wonderful eyes upon me - more deadly than any Basilisk's - and pierced me through and through with their beauty, and sent her light laugh ringing through the air like chimes of silver bells.

2. Dead skin on a sore or ulcer.

   This is the slough that came off of his skin after the burn.

動詞

slough (third-person singular simple present sloughs, present participle sloughing, simple past and past participle sloughed)

1. (transitive) To shed skin or outer layers.

   This skin is being sloughed.

   Snakes slough their skin periodically.

   • 2017 November, N. K. Jemisin, Mac Walters, chapter 16, in Mass Effect Andromeda: Initiation‎, 1st edition (Science Fiction), Titan Books, →ISBN, →OCLC, page 293:

     When Harper came back into the infirmary of the Hyperion, Alec was laboriously trying to pull on his pants. His burned skin had healed over the intervening day, the damaged layer sloughed off and quickly replaced thanks to SAM’s efforts, but the buildup of waste products in Alec’s body from the accelerated healing had left him with sore muscles and achy joints.

2. (intransitive) To slide off or flake off, as an outer layer, such as skin, might do.

   A week after he was burned, a layer of skin on his arm sloughed off.

   • 2013, Casey Watson, Mummy’s Little Helper: The heartrending true story of a young girl:

     The mud sloughed off her palms easily […]

   • 1944 United States. Bureau of Mines · War Minerals Report 386. Google books

     The adit penetrated the vug ... and at this level ... it was filled with material that had ... sloughed off the walls.

   • 2013 April 13, Michael Mello, “Avalanche forecaster killed in Utah avalanche”, in Los Angeles Times:

     An avalanche sloughing off a Utah mountainside killed a state Department of Transportation avalanche forecaster while he was surveying snow levels near a popular winter recreation area, authorities reported.

3. (transitive, card games) To discard.

   East sloughed a heart.

4. (intransitive, slang, Western US) To commit truancy, be absent from school without permission.

   Synonym: ditch

派生語

• slough off
• sloughage

語源 2

From 中期英語 slough (“muddy place; swamp; mire”), 古期英語 slōh, probably from Proto-Germanic *slōhaz.

別の表記

• slue, slew

発音

• (General Australian, 英国発音):
  • enPR: slou, IPA: /slaʊ/
  • 韻: -aʊ
• (米国発音) enPR: slou, slo͞o, IPA: /slaʊ/, /sluː/
  • 韻: -aʊ, -uː

名詞

slough (plural sloughs)

1. (British) A muddy or marshy area.
   • 1881–1882, Robert Louis Stevenson, Treasure Island, London; Paris: Cassell & Company, published 14 November 1883, →OCLC:

     "That comed - as you call it - of being arrant asses," retorted the doctor, "and not having sense enough to know honest air from poison, and the dry land from a vile, pestiferous slough.

   • 1897, Stanley John Weyman, chapter IV, in Shrewsbury:

     Notwithstanding this discrepancy, however, and though, taught by experience, I hastened to agree with her that the secret of her birth was not likely to be discovered in a moment, nor by so simple a process as the journey to Norwich, which I had been going to suggest, it was natural that we should often revert to the subject, and to her pretensions, and the hardship of her lot: and my curiosity and questions giving a fillip to her memory, scarcely a day passed but she recovered some new detail from the past; as at one time a service of gold-plate which she perfectly remembered she had seen on her father's sideboard; and at another time an accident that had befell her in her childhood, through her father's coach and six horses being overturned in a slough.

2. (Eastern US) A type of swamp or shallow lake system, typically formed as or by the backwater of a larger waterway, similar to a bayou with trees.

   We paddled under a canopy of trees through the slough.

   • 1886, Ulysses S. Grant, Personal Memoirs of U. S. Grant‎, volume 2:

     At that time I had no staff officer who could be trusted with that duty. In the woods, at a short distance below the clearing, I found a depression, dry at the time, but which at high water became a slough or bayou.

3. (Western US) A secondary channel of a river delta, usually flushed by the tide.

   The Sacramento River Delta contains dozens of sloughs that are often used for water-skiing and fishing.

4. A state of depression.

   John is in a slough.

5. (Canadian Prairies) A small pond, often alkaline, many but not all formed by glacial potholes.

   Potholes or sloughs formed by a glacier’s retreat from the central plains of North America, are now known to be some of the world’s most productive ecosystems.

派生語

アナグラム

• Loughs, ghouls, loughs