skinとは 意味・読み方・使い方

語源

From 中期英語 skyn, skinn, from 古期英語 scinn, from Old Norse skinn (“animal hide”), from Proto-Germanic *skinþą, from Proto-Indo-European *sken- (“to split off”), nasal variant of *skeh₁i-d- (“to cut”). Partially displaced native 古期英語 hȳd (“skin, hide”), from which derives hide.

Cognate with Dutch schinde (“bark”), dialectal German Schinde (“fruit peel”); also Breton skant (“scales”), Old Irish cenn (“covering, shell”), Irish scáin (“to tear, burst”), Latin scindō (“to split, divide”), Sanskrit छिनत्ति (chinátti, “to split”).

発音

• enPR: skĭn, IPA: /skɪn/
• 韻: -ɪn

名詞

skin (countable and uncountable, plural skins)

1. (uncountable) The outer protective layer of the body of any animal, including of a human.

   Hyponyms: epidermis, dermis, hypodermis; integument, tegument

   He is so disgusting he makes my skin crawl.

   • 2020, Abi Daré, The Girl With The Louding Voice, Sceptre, page 184:

     Her skin is pale like chicken skin, after you have peel[ed] all the feathers.

2. (uncountable) The outer protective layer of the fruit of a plant.

   Synonyms: peel, pericarp

3. (countable) The skin and fur of an individual animal used by humans for clothing, upholstery, etc.

   Synonyms: hide, pelt

4. (countable) A congealed layer on the surface of a liquid.

   Synonym: film

   In order to get to the rest of the paint in the can, you′ll have to remove the skin floating on top of it.

   Do you eat the skin on custard?

5. (countable, computing, graphical user interface) A set of resources that modifies the appearance and/or layout of the graphical user interface of a computer program.

   You can use this skin to change how the browser looks.

6. (countable, video games) An alternate appearance (texture map or geometry) for a character model in a video game.

   My friend likes to use a Spider-Man skin in Fortnite.

7. (countable, slang) Rolling paper for cigarettes.

   Pass me a skin, mate.

8. (countable, slang) Clipping of skinhead.
   • 2017, Christian Picciolini, White American Youth:

     By the end of the show, fights would break out all over the place: the Atlantic City skins against the crew from Philly; the oldschool skinheads feuding with overzealous fresh-cuts.

9. (Australia) A subgroup of Australian aboriginal people.

   Synonym: moiety

   • 1984, Maxwell John Charlesworth, Howard Morphy, Diane Bell, Religion in Aboriginal Australia: An Anthology, page 361:

     The younger brother questions the correctness of the pursuit of the girls. "They may be of the wrong subsection," he suggests. "We can take wrong skins," says the older brother, but the younger still holds back.

10. (slang) Bare flesh, particularly bare breasts.

    Let me see a bit of skin.

11. A vessel made of skin, used for holding liquids.
    • 1843, Richard Henry Horne, Orion:

      the Bacchic train,
      Who brought their skins of wine, and loaded poles
      That bent with mighty clusters of black grapes

12. (nautical) That part of a sail, when furled, which remains on the outside and covers the whole.
    • (Can we date this quote?), “Textile Technology Digest”, in (Please provide the book title or journal name):

      The skin of the sail is made of stretch-resistant Mylar

13. (nautical) The covering, as of planking or iron plates, outside the framing, forming the sides and bottom of a vessel; the shell; also, a lining inside the framing.
14. (aviation) The outer surface covering much of the wings and fuselage of an aircraft.
15. A drink of whisky served hot.
16. (slang, Ireland, British) A person; chap.

    He was a decent old skin.

    • 2019, Joe Murragh, Colin Barrett, 54:50 from the start, in Calm With Horses (film), spoken by Paudi (Ned Dennehy):

      PAUDI:”I fucking love the pair of ye! You’re good lads. You’re loyal skins”

17. (UK, thieves' cant, obsolete) A purse.
    • 1863, George William MacArthur Reynolds, The Mysteries of the Court of London, volume 3, page 86:

      […] and away I scampered with the tiddlywink-table, while Teddy Limber […] frisked the yokel of his yack and skin.

下位語

派生語

参考

• cutaneous
• cutis
• dermis
• epidermis

動詞

skin (third-person singular simple present skins, present participle skinning, simple past and past participle skinned)

1. (transitive) To injure the skin of.

   Synonyms: bark, chafe, excoriate, graze, scrape

   He fell off his bike and skinned his knee on the concrete.

2. (transitive) To remove the skin and/or fur of an animal or a human.

   Synonyms: flay, fleece, flense, scalp

   Coordinate terms: bone, gut, pluck, shear

3. (colloquial) To high five.
4. (transitive, computing, colloquial) To apply a skin to (a computer program).

   Can I skin the application to put the picture of my cat on it?

5. (UK, soccer, transitive) To use tricks to go past a defender.
   • 2011 January 30, Kevin Darlng, “Arsenal 2 - 1 Huddersfield”, in BBC‎:

     The Russian, sometimes out of sorts in recent weeks, was seeing plenty of the ball on the left-hand side up against Hunt, a 20-year-old right-back making his first Huddersfield start. Arshavin skinned the youngster at the first opportunity and crossed for Bendtner, who could not direct his close-range effort on target.

6. (intransitive) To become covered with skin or a skin-like layer.

   A wound eventually skins over.

   Lefotver acrylic paint will often skin as it partially dries.

7. (transitive) To cover with skin, or as if with skin; hence, to cover superficially.
   • c. 1599–1602 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Tragedie of Hamlet, Prince of Denmarke”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act III, scene iv]:

     It will but skin and film the ulcerous place.

8. (US, slang, archaic) To produce, in recitation, examination, etc., the work of another for one's own, or to use cribs, memoranda, etc., which are prohibited.
9. (slang, dated) To strip of money or property; to cheat.
10. (intransitive, obsolete, slang) To sneak off.
11. (transitive, art) To remove the top layers of paint from, revealing parts of the underlying medium or canvas.
12. Short for skin up (“travel uphill on skis, snowboard, or bicycle”)

派生語

参照

Further reading

• skin on Wikipedia.Wikipedia
• human skin on Wikipedia.Wikipedia

アナグラム

• -kins, Sink, inks, k'ins, kins, sink