U. S.とは 意味・読み方・使い方

接尾辞

-us

1. alternative form of -ous

語源 2

接尾辞

-us

1. (West Midland) alternative form of -es.

参照

発音

• (Classical Latin) IPA: [ʊs]
• (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA: [us]

接尾辞

-us

1. ending and suffix of nouns in the second declension:
   1. ending of most second-declension masculine nouns
   2. ending of a few second-declension feminine nouns
   3. ending of a few second-declension neuter nouns

      vīrus (“a poisonous or acrid secretion”); vulgus (“common people”); pelagus (“sea”)

   4. (somewhat popular) suffix forming compound agent nouns

      ‎piscis (“fish”) + ‎capiō (“to grasp, catch”) + ‎-us → ‎piscicapus (“fishcatcher, fisher”)

      ‎via (“road; way”) + ‎curō (“to take care”) + ‎-us → ‎viocūrus (“road overseer”)

   5. (New Latin) suffix used to Latinize names ending in consonants

      (Can we add an example for this sense?)

2. ending and suffix of adjectives in the first/second declension:
   1. ending of most first/second-declension adjectives
   2. suffix forming compound adjectives

      Synonym: -is

      ‎bī- (“two”) + ‎hiems (“winter”) + ‎-us → ‎bīmus (“two-year-old”)

      ‎in- (privative prefix) + ‎animus (“soul, life”) + ‎-us → ‎inanimus (“lifeless, inanimate”)

   3. -ing: suffix forming deverbal adjectives

      Synonym: -uus

      ‎invideō (“to be jealous of, envy; to look askance at (someone)”) + ‎-us → ‎invidus (“envious; hostile”)

      ‎sonō (“to sound”) + ‎-us → ‎-sonus (“-sounding”)

      ‎dīcō (“to say”) + ‎-us → ‎-dicus (“-saying”)

使用する際の注意点

Many masculine second-declension nouns with stems that end in -er- or in a consonant + -r- omit the ending -us in the nominative and vocative singular. Instead, they add -e- before the -r, if there isn't one already in the stem (i.e. liber (stem libr-), alabaster (stem alabastr-), puer (stem puer-)). A few of these nouns, such as puer, have alternative nominative and vocative singular forms that end in -us and -e instead.

A few exceptional words have a second-declension masculine nominative singular that ends in -r- preceded by a short vowel other than -e-; such as the noun vir and the adjectives satur and camur. These likewise form their vocative singular identically to the nominative singular (without adding -e).

語形変化

派生語

語源 2

Generally from Proto-Indo-European *-os (suffix forming neuter s-stem nouns from verbs), as in genus n from *ǵénh₁os n (“race”). Not a productive derivational suffix in Latin. The plural and oblique case forms have -r- as the result of the sound change of rhotacism. Additionally, in many words, the oblique stem has the vowel -ĕ- (as in generis), which is generally taken to be the phonetically regular development of the Proto-Indo-European forms. Some words, such as decus, decoris, instead have -ŏ- in the oblique stem; this is the result of analogical introduction of the rounded vowel from the nominative/accusative singular form.

発音

• (Classical Latin) IPA: [ʊs]
• (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA: [us]

接尾辞

-us n

1. ending of some neuter nouns in the third declension
   1. nominative/accusative/vocative singular of -us

使用する際の注意点

Not all of these nouns are neuter. Two non-neuter nouns with this inflection are Venus (feminine) and lepus (masculine).

語形変化

派生した語

From the plural -ora:

• Romanian: -uri (final vowel replaced due to analogy with feminine plural forms)
• Sicilian: -ura, -ira, -ara

語源 3

Not a single suffix, but an ending of various miscellaneous origins. In most words, from Old Latin -us, from Proto-Italic *-us, from Proto-Indo-European *-us as the final part of Proto-Indo-European *-tus (suffix deriving action nouns from verb roots).

発音

• (Classical Latin) IPA: [ʊs]
• (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA: [us]

接尾辞

-us m or f

1. nominative/vocative singular of -us for non-neuter nouns in the fourth declension

語形変化

接尾辞

-ūs

1. nominative/vocative plural of -us for fourth-declension nouns
2. genitive singular of -us for fourth-declension nouns
3. accusative plural of -us for fourth-declension nouns

参考

• -tus

語源 4

From Proto-Indo-European *-os, a genitive singular ending for athematic nouns (an o-grade alternative to e-grade *-es, which developed to the usual Latin third-declension genitive singular ending -is).

発音

• (Classical Latin) IPA: [ʊs]
• (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA: [us]

接尾辞

-us

1. rare alternative genitive singular ending for nouns of the third declension

使用する際の注意点

A relic form attested exclusively in inscriptions that are dated up through first-century AD graffiti in Pompeii. Its sparse attestations are not restricted to official texts: some examples are found in less elevated documents such as graffiti and pottery inscriptions. This suggests the ending may have initially survived to some extent in dialectal use. However, it may have been used as a stylistic archaism in legal contexts after it became obsolete in general. A genitive singular ending derived from *-os seems to have occurred in Faliscan as well as sporadically in Latin.

参照

• “-us” on page 2,108/2 of the Oxford Latin Dictionary (1st ed., 1968–82)

アナグラム

• SU, Su

略号

US$

1. The currency symbol for the United States dollar.

   Synonyms: U$, USD

   • 2019 June 4, “Global Vertical Lift Module (VLM) Market Will Register at a CAGR of 7.58% by 2025, Predicts QY Research”, in PR Newswire‎, United States, archived from the original on 8 September 2025:

     The global vertical lift module (VLM) market is expected to be valued at US$ 595.86 mn by 2025 from US$ 358.15 mn in 2018. The market will register at a CAGR of 7.58% throughout the forecast period.

使用する際の注意点

• Opinions vary regarding the use of apostrophes when forming the plurals of letters of the alphabet. New Fowler's Modern English Usage, after noting that the usage has changed, states on page 602 that "after letters an apostrophe is obligatory." The 15th edition of The Chicago Manual of Style states in paragraph 7.16, "To avoid confusion, lowercase letters ... form the plural with an apostrophe and an s". The Oxford Style Manual on page 116 advocates the use of common sense.

アナグラム

• SU, Su