DRAUGHTとは 意味・読み方・使い方

語源

From 中期英語 draught, draght, draȝt, from 古期英語 *dreaht, *dræht (related to dragan (“to draw, drag”)), from Proto-Germanic *drahtuz, noun form of *draganą; equivalent to draw +‎ -t.

発音

• (Received Pronunciation) IPA: /dɹɑːft/

  韻: -ɑːft

• (米国発音) IPA: /dɹæft/

  韻: -æft

• Homophone: draft
• (common in the 16–18th centuries, now nonstandard) IPA: /dɹɔt/

名詞

draught (countable and uncountable, plural draughts)

1. (British spelling) Alternative form of draft in some of its senses.

   Sense 1 of draft:

   She could feel a draught where she was sitting.

   • Senses 17, 18 of draft:
     1526, [William Tyndale, transl.], The Newe Testamẽt […] (Tyndale Bible), [Worms, Germany: Peter Schöffer], →OCLC, Luke:

     […] he sayde vnto Simon: Cary vs into the depe, and lett slippe thy nett to make a draught.

   • Senses 3, 4 of draft:
     1851 November 14, Herman Melville, “chapter 36”, in Moby-Dick; or, The Whale, 1st American edition, New York, N.Y.: Harper & Brothers; London: Richard Bentley, →OCLC:

     “Drink and pass!” he cried, handing the heavy charged flagon to the nearest seaman. “The crew alone now drink. Round with it, round! Short draughts—long swallows, men; ’tis hot as Satan’s hoof.

   • Sense 5 of draft:
     1919, W[illiam] Somerset Maugham, “chapter 35”, in The Moon and Sixpence, [New York, N.Y.]: Grosset & Dunlap Publishers […], →OCLC:

     Finally I gave him a draught, and he sank into uneasy slumber.

   • Senses 4, 5 of draft: 1927-29, M.K. Gandhi, The Story of My Experiments with Truth, translated 1940 by Mahadev Desai, Part I, Chapter iii:

     Much as I wish that I had not to write this chapter, I know that I shall have to swallow many such bitter draughts in the course of this narrative. And I cannot do otherwise, if I claim to be a worshipper of Truth. […]

   • Sense 7 of draft:
     1946 July and August, “Notes and News: The War Effect on the Clyde Steamers”, in Railway Magazine, page 324:

     All the L.N.E.R. Clyde vessels are paddle-propelled, because of the shallow draught at Craigendoran Pier.

   • Sense 1 of draft:
     1953 November, “Notes and News: New Clothing for Tunnel Workers”, in Railway Magazine, page 783:

     A standard type of donkey jacket made of white milled flannel is being introduced by British Railways for the use of staff working in tunnels where there are conditions of extreme cold, dampness and draught.

2. (British) A checker: a game piece used in the game of draughts.
3. (Australia) Ale: a type of beer brewed using top-fermenting yeast.
4. (UK, medicine, obsolete) A mild vesicatory.
5. (obsolete) An outhouse: an outbuilding used as a lavatory.
   • 1526, [William Tyndale, transl.], The Newe Testamẽt […] (Tyndale Bible), [Worms, Germany: Peter Schöffer], →OCLC, Matthew:

     Then sayde Jesus: are ye yett withoute understondinge? perceave ye not, that whatsoever goeth in at the mouth, descendeth doune into the bely, and ys cast out into the draught?

   • c. 1605–1608 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Life of Tymon of Athens”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, (please specify the act number in uppercase Roman numerals, and the scene number in lowercase Roman numerals):

     Rid me these Villaines from your companies; / Hang them, or stab them, drowne them in a draught, / Confound them by some course, and come to me, / Ile giue you Gold enough.

6. (UK, obsolete) Any picture or drawing.
   • 1650, Thomas Browne, chapter V, in Pseudodoxia Epidemica: […], 2nd edition, London: […] A[braham] Miller, for Edw[ard] Dod and Nath[aniel] Ekins, […], →OCLC, 1st book, page 22:

     And therefore, for the whole process, and full representation, there must be more than one draught; the one representing him in station, the other in session, another in genuflexion.

7. (UK, obsolete) A sudden attack upon an enemy.
   • 1596 (date written; published 1633), Edmund Spenser, A Vewe of the Present State of Irelande […], Dublin: […] Societie of Stationers, […], →OCLC; republished as A View of the State of Ireland […] (Ancient Irish Histories), Dublin: […] Society of Stationers, […] Hibernia Press, […] [b]y John Morrison, 1809, →OCLC:

     drawing sudden draughts upon the enemy when he looketh not for you

同意語

• (outhouse): draught-house; see also Thesaurus:outhouse
• (game piece): checker (used in checkers)

派生語

関連する語

• draw

形容詞

draught (not comparable)

1. (British spelling) Alternative spelling of draft

   draught beer or cider

   draught oxen, a draught horse

動詞

draught (third-person singular simple present draughts, present participle draughting, simple past and past participle draughted)

1. (British spelling) Alternative spelling of draft.
   • 1826, [Walter Scott], Woodstock; Or, The Cavalier. […], volume (please specify |volume=I to III), Edinburgh: […] [James Ballantyne and Co.] for Archibald Constable and Co.; London: Longman, Rees, Orme, Brown, and Green, →OCLC:

     The Parliament so often draughted and drained.

使用する際の注意点

There are senses used in American English which do not apply in British English.

参照

• “draught”, in Webster’s Revised Unabridged Dictionary, Springfield, Mass.: G. & C. Merriam, 1913, →OCLC..

語源

From 古期英語 dreaht, *dræht (related to dragan (“to draw, drag”)), from Proto-Germanic *drahtuz, equivalent to drawen +‎ -th.

発音

• IPA: /drau̯xt/

名詞

draught (plural draughtes)

1. draught

派生した語

• English: draught
• Scots: draucht
• Yola: draught, draft

参照

• “draught, n.”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007.