pumpとは 意味・読み方・使い方

語源 1

From 中期英語 pumpe, possibly from Middle Dutch pompe (“pipe, water conduit”) or Middle Low German pumpe (“pump”), probably ultimately imitative.

Compare Dutch pompen, German pumpen, and Danish pompe; also Spanish bomba (“pump”).

名詞

pump (plural pumps)

1. A device for moving or compressing a liquid or gas.

   This pump can deliver 100 gallons of water per minute.

2. An instance of the action of a pump; one stroke of a pump; any action similar to pumping

   It takes thirty pumps to get 10 litres; he did 50 pumps of the weights.

3. A device for dispensing liquid or gas to be sold, particularly fuel; a gas pump.

   This pump is out of order, but you can gas up at the next one.

   • 2025 February 20, Thomas L. Friedman, Patrick Healy, Jillian Weinberger, “Tom Friedman on Just How Far Trump Could Push the World”, in The New York Times‎, →ISSN:

     Trump thinks: If I can actually end this war and lift sanctions on Russia, Russian oil will swamp the global market, it’ll drive down the price of gasoline at the pump and I will win the midterms.

4. (bodybuilding, climbing) A swelling of the muscles caused by increased blood flow following high intensity weightlifting.
   • 2010, Eric Velazquez, “Power Pairings” (17::83 from the start), in Reps!, spoken by Arnold Schwarzenegger:

     Want a skin-stretching pump? Up the volume by using high-rep sets.
     A great pump is better than coming.

5. (colloquial) A ride on a bicycle given to a passenger, usually on the handlebars or fender.

   She gave the other girl a pump on her new bike.

6. (US, slang) The heart.
7. (obsolete, vulgar, British slang) The vagina.

   Synonyms: see Thesaurus:vagina

   • 1750, “Ge ho, Dobbin or the Waggoner”, in The Tulip, page 2:

     Thus to and again to our paſtime we went, / And my Cards I play'd fairly to Jenny's content; / I work'd at her Pump till my Sucker grew dry, / Then I left pumping, a good Reaſon why.

派生語

動詞

pump (third-person singular simple present pumps, present participle pumping, simple past and past participle pumped)

1. (transitive, intransitive) To use a pump; to move (water or other liquid) by means of a pump. [from 16th c.]

   I've been pumping for over a minute but the water isn't coming through.

   I've pumped over 1000 gallons of water in the last ten minutes.

2. (transitive) To inject or pour (something) into someone or something in a manner similar to a pump.
   • 2023 August 7, Clive Cookson, “Missing ice and bleached coral: the sudden warming of the oceans”, in Financial Times‎:

     The underlying cause of the warming is human activities pumping carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases into the atmosphere, scientists say. But the reasons why marine heating is speeding up now are far from clear.

3. (obsolete) To put (a person or part of the body) under a stream of water from a pump, as a punishment or as a form of medical treatment; to force a pump of water upon or on someone. [16th–19th c.]
   • 1676, Thomas Shadwell, The Virtuoso:

     Pump him soundly, impudent Fellow.

   • 1872, George Eliot, Middlemarch, Book IV, chapter 37:

     ‘So much the worse for him. I've had my eye on him for some time. He shall be prettily pumped upon.’

4. (transitive) To gain something, especially information, from (a person) by persistent questioning. [from 17th c.]

   Synonyms: grill, interrogate

   • 1682, Thomas Otway, Venice Preserv'd:

     But pump not me for politics.

   • 1899 February, Joseph Conrad, “The Heart of Darkness”, in Blackwood’s Edinburgh Magazine, volume CLXV, number M, New York, N.Y.: The Leonard Scott Publishing Company, […], →OCLC, part I, page 214:

     I had no idea why he wanted to be sociable, but as we chatted in there it suddenly occurred to me the fellow was trying to get at something - in fact, pumping me.

   • 1990 February 4, Vanessa Nemeth, Stephanie Poggi, “Bumps And All”, in Gay Community News, volume 17, number 29, page 12:

     Occasionally, I've thought about the positive side of being involved with someone with your privileges. I have thought that it's a relief that your parents have money. In a pinch, if something were to happen, to either one of us, you could pump your parents for money. I hope it never gets to that but it's nice knowing that there's some rich in-laws out there.

   • 2017, Jeph Jacques, Questionable Content (webcomic), Number 3509: Sensitive Information:

     "Did Dora just offer up that advice, or were you pumping her for information?" "Shoot, I outed my informant. I'm a terrible spy."

5. (transitive, UK, slang) To have sex with; to sexually penetrate, especially with a thrusting motion. [from 18th c.]

   Synonyms: bang; see also Thesaurus:copulate, Thesaurus:copulate with

   • 1750, “Ge ho, Dobbin or the Waggoner”, in The Tulip, page 2:

     Thus to and again to our paſtime we went, / And my Cards I play'd fairly to Jenny's content; / I work'd at her Pump till my Sucker grew dry, / Then I left pumping, a good Reaſon why.

   • 1990 December 9, “Personal advertisement”, in Gay Community News, volume 18, number 21, page 12:

     Pump my tight hole so long and hard that I can't walk or sit when you're done.

6. (transitive, intransitive) To express milk from (a breast) by means of a breast pump. [from 19th c.]
7. (transitive, often followed by up) To fill with air by means of a pump; to inflate. [from 19th c.]

   He pumped up the air-bed by hand, but used the service station air to pump up the tyres.

8. (transitive) To move rhythmically, as the motion of a pump. [from 19th c.]

   I pumped my fist with joy when I won the race.

9. (bodybuilding) To enlarge the body by means of weightlifting or steroid use. [from 20th c.]

   Synonyms: big up, lift, pump iron

10. (transitive) To shake (a person's hand) vigorously. [from 10th c.]

    Synonym: handshake

11. (US, intransitive, slang) Of music: to be loud, to have strong bass and rhythms; (by extension) to be full of energy. [from 20th c.]

    The waves were really pumping this morning.

    Last night's party was really pumping.

12. (sports) To kick, throw, or hit the ball far and high.
    • 2011 February 5, Michael Da Silva, “Wigan 4 - 3 Blackburn”, in BBC‎:

      Blackburn pumped long balls towards Diouf as they became increasingly desperate to salvage a point, but Wigan held on for a win that may prove crucial in their quest for Premier League survival.

13. (British, slang, vulgar) To pass gas; to fart quietly.

    Synonyms: trump; see also Thesaurus:flatulate

    • 2008, James Kelman, Kieron Smith, Boy, Penguin, published 2009, page 82:

      People never pumped, just never never, but sometimes ye got smells.

14. (computing) To pass (messages) into a program so that it can obey them.
    • 2006, Andrew Troelsen, Pro C# 2005 and the .NET 2.0 Platform:

      Sure enough, rather than pumping a message to the Console window, you will now see a message box displaying your message

    • 2008, Joe Duffy, Concurrent Programming on Windows:

      The CLR pumps messages automatically during a wait, reducing the likelihood of this but it can show up in native code.

    • c. 2012, Microsoft, .NET Framework 4.5 documentation for Marshal.CleanupUnusedObjectsInCurrentContext

      The interop system pumps messages while it attempts to clean up RCWs.

15. (colloquial) To inject silicone into the body in order to try to achieve a fuller or curvier look.
16. To fire a bullet from a firearm.
    • 1913, Edgar Rice Burroughs, The Return of Tarzan, New York: Ballantine Books, published 1963, page 80:

      As quick as was el adrea, Tarzan of the Apes was quicker, and so the great beast crashed against a tree where he had expected to feel the soft flesh of man, while Tarzan, a couple of paces to the right, pumped another bullet into him that brought him clawing and roaring to his side.

17. To load a shell into the chamber of a pump-action shotgun by pumping the mechanism.

    He ran on, pumping another round up into his scattergun.

派生した語

• → Czech: pumpovat
• Tok Pisin: pamim
• → Thai: ปั๊ม (bpám)
• → ǃXóõ: pàmpa
• → ǃXóõ: pòmpa

語源 2

The etymology of the term is unclear and disputed. One possibility is that it comes from pomp (“ornamentation”). Another is that it refers to the sound made by the foot moving inside the shoe when dancing. The Oxford English Dictionary claims that it appeared in the 16th century, and lists its origin as "obscure". It has also been linked to the Dutch pampoesje, possibly borrowed from Javanese pampus, ultimately from Persian پاپوش (pâpuš), borrowed from Arabic بَابُوش (bābūš).

名詞

pump (plural pumps)

1. (British) A low-top shoe with a rubber sole and a canvas upper; a low-top canvas sneaker.

   Synonyms: gym shoe, (UK) dap, (UK) plimsoll, (US) sneaker

2. (chiefly Canada, US) A type of women's shoe which leaves the instep uncovered and has a relatively high heel, especially a stiletto (with a very high and thin heel)

   Synonym: court shoe

   She was wearing a lovely new pair of pumps.

3. A dancing shoe.
   • 1591, William Shakespeare, The Taming of the Shrew:

     Gabriel's pumps were all unpinkt i' th' heel

   • 2012, Rachael Martin, The Fashion Lover's Guide to Milan‎:

     Ballerine - or ballet pumps - are the Milanese woman's footwear 'de rigeur', and not just because there are so many cobbled streets to walk over and are therefore infinitely preferable to heels.

4. A type of shoe without a heel.(Can we add an example for this sense?)

参照

アナグラム

• UMPP